ULTRASONIDOS DE SEÑAL NO DESTRUCTIVOS APLICADOS PARA LA EVALUACIÓN DEL PORCENTAJE DE GRASA FUNDIDA EN LOS PRODUCTOS CÁRNICOS CURADOS

El porcentaje de grasa fundida (% GF) es un factor importante en la calidad de los productos cárnicos crudo-curados. Las medidas no destructivas de la velocidad de ultrasonidos han sido utilizadas para determinar la composición de diferentes productos alimentarios. En este trabajo, se evaluó el uso de ultrasonidos para caracterizar la fusión de grasas en productos cárnicos crudo-curados elaborados con diferentes tipos de grasa. La velocidad de ultrasonidos fue medida a diferentes temperaturas (2, 6, 10, 15, 20 y 30 ºC) en tres lotes diferentes de salchichas curadas envasadas al vacío. Las salchichas fueron elaboradas a partir de una base de carne magra mezclada con tres diferentes tipos de grasas: montanera, aceite de girasol y manteca. Se realizaron análisis de Calorimetría Diferencial de Barrido (Differential Scanning Calorimetry, DSC) para evaluar el comportamiento térmico y determinar el porcentaje de grasa fundida (% GF). Los resultados mostraron una influencia significativa (p<0.05) de la temperatura en la velocidad de los ultrasonidos y el porcentaje de grasa fundida. El aumento de la temperatura conllevó un incremento del porcentaje de grasa fundida y por consiguiente, una disminución de la velocidad ultrasónica. Así, se estableció una relación lineal (R2=0.95) significativa (p<0.05) entre la velocidad de ultrasonidos y el porcentaje de grasa fundida. Además, las medidas ultrasónicas permitieron relacionar el patrón de fusión de la grasa de las salchichas con la composición de las mismas. Por lo tanto, las medidas ultrasónicas pueden ser utilizadas para evaluar el porcentaje de grasa fundida en productos cárnicos, así como clasificarlos en función del origen de la grasa. El porcentaje de grasa fundida está directamente relacionado con los atributos sensoriales (sabor, textura y apariencia), como consecuencia, las medidas no destructivas de velocidad de ultrasonidos pueden ser utilizadas para evaluar la calidad de salchichas curadas.Corona Jiménez, E. (2009). ULTRASONIDOS DE SEÑAL NO DESTRUCTIVOS APLICADOS PARA LA EVALUACIÓN DEL PORCENTAJE DE GRASA FUNDIDA EN LOS PRODUCTOS CÁRNICOS CURADOS. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/14063Archivo delegad

Sensibilidad y Resistencia a Antibióticos de Cepas Probióticas Empleadas en Productos Comerciales

Una característica deseada de los probióticos es su sensibilidad a los antibióticos para descartar la transmisión de resistencia en el ecosistema digestivo. Es importante conocer su susceptibilidad ya que se ingieren frecuentemente con la finalidad de reforzar la microflora intestinal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la susceptibilidad de probióticos aislados de productos comerciales a los principales antibióticos de uso clínico. La prueba de sensibilidad se realizó por el método de difusión en disco sobre agar MRS, empleando discos de antibióticos mixtos comerciales. Las bacterias Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei y Bifidobacterium bifidum fueron sensibles a: penicilina, ampicilina, ceftriaxona y cefalotina (Betalactámicos), eritromicina (Macrólidos) y cloranfenicol (Anfenicoles). Resistentes a dicloxacilina (Betalactámicos), oxacilina (Fluoroquinolona), netilmicina, gentamicina y amikacina (Aminoglucósidos) y trimetoprimsulfametoxazol (Sulfonamidas). Los resultados muestran la importancia de valorar la susceptibilidad (sensibilidad y resistencia) de los probióticos a los antibióticos ya que, se consumen de forma intencionada con el propósito de mantener el equilibrio de la flora intestinal. A characteristic of probiotics istheir sensitivity to antibioticsto discard the transmission of resistance in the digestive ecosystem. It is important to know your susceptibility, which is often ingested for the purpose of strengthening intestinal microflora. The purpose of this work was to analyze the susceptibility of probiotics isolated from commercial products to the main antibiotics for clinical use. The sensitivity test was carried out by means of a disk diffusion method on MRS agar, using disks of mixed commercial antibiotics. The bacteria’s Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum were sensitive to: penicillin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone and cephalotin (Beta-lactam), erythromycin (Macrolides) and chloramphenicol (Amphenicoles). Resistant to dicloxacillin (Beta-lactam), enoxacillin (Fluoroquinolone), netilmicin, gentamicin and amikacin (Aminoglycosides) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Sulfonamides). The results show the importance of assessing the susceptibility (sensitivity and resistance) of probiotics to antibiotics since they are consumed intentionally in order to maintain the balance of the intestinal flora

Influence of anthropometry and body composition in climbing ability

INTRODUCTION: Climbing has become a popular, competitive and recreational sport. It requires, principally, skilled technique and high muscle strength. Therefore, it has been necessary to implement formal studies about the training of this discipline. Investigations have been performed some studies to demonstrate that the improvement of climbing can be explained with anthropometric and physiological variables. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was evaluate the main variables that affect the performance of the climbing, namely, anthropometry, body composition and climbing level. METHODS: Eighteen climbers, ranged 22 - 40 years old and V2-V7 of climbing ability (according Hueco Tanks scale), were volunteered to participate. Measurements of anthropometric characteristics and body composition including height, arm spam, forearm maximum, midstylion-dactilion, lean arm mass, body mass index (BMI), skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, visceral fat, were performed. All variables were evaluated by using a combination of a principal component analysis (PCA) with a cluster analysis. RESULTS: When the analysis was performed in both anthropometry (skeletal muscle mass, lean arm mass and forearm maximum) and body composition (BMI, body fat mass and visceral fat) groups of variables, the results showed an 86% of the variance. The anthropometry variables showed correlation with 60% of the total variance. Concretely, the higher climbing level athletes (V5-V7) showed a higher lean body mass and arm muscle mass than the lower climbing levels athletes (V0-V4). On the other hand, the last group showed higher body fat mass and visceral fat mass with respect to the V5-V7 climbing athletes. CONCLUSION: The data of the present study showed a clear tendency on the variables, both body composition and anthropometry, in terms of the climbing level. However, these results are not completely conclusive. We suggest necessary to improve the performance of the measurements in future studies

La crisis como oportunidad para la innovación docente en el Trabajo Social

El artículo que presentamos describe una experiencia de Innovación Docente que fue puesta en marcha durante el curso académico 2009/10 por varios equipos docentes en el marco de la asignatura de Política Social, desde una estrategia colaborativa integrando además a la Sociedad Civil Organizada y al Mercado. Unir la Crisis actual que estamos viviendo con prácticas docentes recomendadas con la implantación del Espacio Europeo de Enseñanza Superior supuso un reto y una oportunidad para que las personas que trabajamos o estudiamos en la Universidad reflexionemos y planteemos alternativas para que la ésta pueda ocupar un lugar importante en un nuevo modelo económico y social.Artículo revisado por pare

Isolation of a New Mexican Strain of Bacillus subtilis with Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities

Although several strains of B. subtilis with antifungal activity have been isolated worldwide, to date there are no published reports regarding the isolation of a native B. subtilis strain from strawberry plants in Mexico. A native bacterium (Bacillus subtilis 21) demonstrated in vitro antagonistic activity against different plant pathogenic fungi. Under greenhouse conditions, it was shown that plants infected with Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium verticillioides and treated with B. subtilis 21 produced augment in the number of leaves per plant and an increment in the length of healthy leaves in comparison with untreated plants. In addition, B. subtilis 21 showed activity against pathogenic bacteria. Secreted proteins by B. subtilis 21 were studied, detecting the presence of proteases and bacteriocin-like inhibitor substances that could be implicated in its antagonistic activity. Chitinases and zwittermicin production could not be detected. Then, B. subtilis 21 could potentially be used to control phytopathogenic fungi that infect strawberry plants

Síntesis de hidrotalcitas de Co, Ni y Cu y su uso en la preparación de 4-fenil-1,2,3-triazol con un fragmento carbohidrato

En este trabajo se presenta la síntesis, caracterización y evaluación catalítica de las hidrotalcitas de Co(II), Ni(II) y Cu(II) en la preparación de 4-fenil-1,2,3-triazol derivado de la 3-azida-1,2:5,6-diisopropiliden-β-D-glucofuranosa. Las hidrotaciltas empleadas en este trabajo fueron sintetizadas por el método de coprecipitación empleando una relación 3:1 de las sales de nitrato de Co, Ni o Cu con respecto al nitrato de aluminio. Dichas hidrotalcitas fueron secadas, calcinadas y caracterizadas por difracción de rayos X de polvos para posteriormente utilizarlas como catalizadores heterogéneos en la síntesis del triazol mencionado en condiciones de calentamiento por microondas. Los resultados indican que de las hidrotalcitas utilizadas, la de Cu/Al es la más eficiente para realizar esta transformación.In this work, the synthesis, characterization and catalytic evaluation of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) hydrotalcites in the preparation of 4-phenyl-1,2,3-triazole derivative of 3 -azide-1,2:5,6-diisopropylidene-β-D-glucofuranose is presented. The hydrotalcites used in this work were synthesized by the coprecipitation method using a 2:1 ratio of Co, Ni or Cu nitrate with respect to aluminum nitrate. These hydrotalcites were dried, calcined, and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction to subsequently use them as heterogeneous catalysts in the synthesis of the mentioned triazole under microwave heating conditions. The results indicate that of the hydrotalcites used, Cu/Al is the most efficient to carry out this transformation

Intramolecular Interception of the Remote Position of Vinylcarbene Silver Complex Intermediates by C(sp3)−H Bond Insertion

The trapping of the elusive vinylogous position of a vinyl carbene with an aliphatic C(sp3)−H bond has been achieved for the first time during a silver-catalyzed carbene/alkyne metathesis (CAM) process. A Tpx-containing silver complex first promotes the generation of a donor-acceptor silver carbene which triggers CAM, generating a subsequent donor-donor vinyl silver carbene species, which then undergoes a selective vinylogous C(sp3)−H bond insertion, leading to the synthesis of a new family of benzoazepines. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations unveil the reaction mechanism, which allows proposing that the C−H bond insertion reaction takes place in a stepwise manner, with the hydrogen shift being the rate determining step.We are grateful for financial support from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PGC2018-097722-B-I00, PID2020113797RB-C21 and PID2020-113711GB-I00 MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and FPU grants to A.D.-J. and R.M.-C.) and the Generalitat de Catalunya (Project 2017SGR-39). We also thank Junta de Andalucía (P18-1536) and Universidad de Huelva (P.O.Feder UHU202024). A.P.Q. and A.P. are Serra Húnter Fellows and A.P. thanks ICREA Academia Prize 2019. M.A. thanks Junta de Andalucia for a postdoctoral fellowship. E.B. thanks Cátedra Cepsa-Universidad de Huelva for financial support

Remote, Whole-Body Interval Training Improves Muscular Endurance and Cardiac Autonomic Control in Young Adults

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an exercise modality acknowledged to maintain physical fitness with more engagement in an active lifestyle compared with other traditional exercise models. Nevertheless, its effects on cardiac control and physical performance in an online-guided setting are not yet clarified. The present work assessed physical fitness and heart rate variability (HRV) before and after an online, home-based HIIT program in college-age students while pandemic lockdowns were in effect. Twenty university students (age: 21.9 ± 2.4 years.) that were solely enrolled in online classes were distributed into three groups: control—CON-(n = 6), 14 min of HIIT—HIIT-14-(n = 8), and 21 min of HIIT—HIIT-21-(n = 6). A maximal push-up test was employed to assess muscular endurance and performance, and resting HRV signals were collected with wireless heart rate monitors and were processed in Kubios HRV Std. (Kubios Oy, Finland). There was an increase in total push-up capacity compared to CON (p < 0.05 HIIT-21 vs. CON; p < 0.001 HIIT-14 vs. CON) after 8 weeks. A significant interaction was observed in high-frequency and low-frequency spectra ratios after the HIIT-21 intervention (p < 0.05). The current work demonstrated that either short- or mid-volume online, whole-body HIIT improves muscle strength, whereas mid-volume HIIT (HIIT-21) was the only intervention that developed a sympathovagal adaptation. This study showed promising results on muscular endurance and cardiac autonomic modulation through whole-body HIIT practice at home

Diversity of HLA Class I and Class II blocks and conserved extended haplotypes in Lacandon Mayans.

Here we studied HLA blocks and haplotypes in a group of 218 Lacandon Maya Native American using a high-resolution next generation sequencing (NGS) method. We assessed the genetic diversity of HLA class I and class II in this population, and determined the most probable ancestry of Lacandon Maya HLA class I and class II haplotypes. Importantly, this Native American group showed a high degree of both HLA homozygosity and linkage disequilibrium across the HLA region and also lower class II HLA allelic diversity than most previously reported populations (including other Native American groups). Distinctive alleles present in the Lacandon population include HLA-A*24:14 and HLA-B*40:08. Furthermore, in Lacandons we observed a high frequency of haplotypes containing the allele HLA-DRB1*04:11, a relatively frequent allele in comparison with other neighboring indigenous groups. The specific demographic history of the Lacandon population including inbreeding, as well as pathogen selection, may have elevated the frequencies of a small number of HLA class II alleles and DNA blocks. To assess the possible role of different selective pressures in determining Native American HLA diversity, we evaluated the relationship between genetic diversity at HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 and pathogen richness for a global dataset and for Native American populations alone. In keeping with previous studies of such relationships we included distance from Africa as a covariate. After correction for multiple comparisons we did not find any significant relationship between pathogen diversity and HLA genetic diversity (as measured by polymorphism information content) in either our global dataset or the Native American subset of the dataset. We found the expected negative relationship between genetic diversity and distance from Africa in the global dataset, but no relationship between HLA genetic diversity and distance from Africa when Native American populations were considered alone

La expansión metropolitana de Guadalajara en el Municipio de Tlajomulco de Zúñiga (México)

Este trabajo estudia la evolución demográfica y la expansión del área metropolitana de Guadalajara. En especial muestra la presión que ejerce la ciudad central y la primera periferia sobre los municipios adyacentes de El Salto y Tlajomulco de Zúñiga (México). A través del análisis de los municipios que integran el área metropolitana, se establecen los dos patrones de crecimiento de la metrópoli. El análisis geográfico de la dinámica de la ocupación del suelo de Tlajomulco de Zúñiga resalta el papel central de los promotores urbanos como agentes involucrados en el proceso de producción de suelo urbano.This paper looks at the demographic growth and physical expansion of the metropolitan area of Guadalajara. In particular, it shows the pressure exerted by the central city and the first periphery on the adjacent municipalities of El Salto and Tlajomulco de Zúñiga (Mexcio). A review of data from the municipalities forming the metropolitan area, shows the growth of the city to have followed two distinct patterns. A geographical analysis of Tlajomulco de Zúñiga in particular explains the dynamics of land occupation in the municipality, and the role of real estate developers as key agents involved in the process of urban land development