316 research outputs found
The Successful Construction of a High Gravity Dam on Complex Rock Formation
This paper presents an analysis of the stability against sliding of a gravity dam built on a layered rock formation. During the design of this dam, detailed studies of the dam foundation were carried out from a viewpoint of rock mechanics, including laboratory and in-situ tests of the mechanical properties of rocks, calculations by the theory of limit equilibrium and FEM, as well as model tests. Based on these studies, the dam type was selected
Recommended from our members
Evolutionary Game Dynamics with Non-Uniform Interaction Rates
The classical setting of evolutionary game theory, the replicator equation, assumes uniform interaction rates. The rate at which individuals meet and interact is independent of their strategies. Here we extend this framework by allowing the interaction rates to depend on the strategies. This extension leads to non-linear fitness functions. We show that a strict Nash equilibrium remains uninvadable for non-uniform interaction rates, but the conditions for evolutionary stability need to be modified. We analyze all games between two strategies. If the two strategies coexist or exclude each other, then the evolutionary dynamics do not change qualitatively, only the location of the equilibrium point changes. If, however, one strategy dominates the other in the classical setting, then the introduction of non-uniform interaction rates can lead to a pair of interior equilibria. For the Prisoner's Dilemma, non-uniform interaction rates allow the coexistence between cooperators and defectors. For the snowdrift game, non-uniform interaction rates change the equilibrium frequency of cooperators.Human Evolutionary BiologyMathematic
Recommended from our members
A Symmetry of Fixation Times in Evoultionary Dynamics
In this paper, we show that for evolutionary dynamics between two types that can be described by a Moran process, the conditional fixation time of either type is the same irrespective of the selective scenario. With frequency dependent selection between two strategies A and B of an evolutionary game, regardless of whether A dominates B, A and B are best replies to themselves, or A and B are best replies to each other, the conditional fixation times of a single A and a single B mutant are identical. This does not hold for Wright–Fisher models, nor when the mutants start from multiple copies.Human Evolutionary BiologyMathematic
Recommended from our members
Evolutionary Game Dynamics in Finite Populations
We introduce a model of stochastic evolutionary game dynamics in finite populations which is similar to the familiar replicator dynamics for infinite populations. Our focus is on the conditions for selection favoring the invasion and/or fixation of new phenotypes. For infinite populations, there are three generic selection scenarios describing evolutionary game dynamics among two strategies. For finite populations, there are eight selection scenarios. For a fixed payoff matrix a number of these scenarios can occur for different population sizes. We discuss several examples with unexpected behavior.Human Evolutionary BiologyMathematic
Characterization of silica gel-water vapor adsorption and its measurement facility
Master'sMASTER OF ENGINEERIN
An Efficiency-Improved Tightly Coupled Dipole Reflectarray Antenna Using Variant-Coupling-Capacitance Method
In this paper, a tightly coupled dipole reflectarray antenna as well as a variant-coupling-capacitance method to improve the antenna aperture efficiency is presented. Tightly coupled elements and true-time-delay lines are employed in the design of a wideband reflectarray. The proposed reflectarray can operate from 2 GHz to 5 GHz with the gain varying from 11.3 dBi to 21 dBi. Moreover, we propose a variant-coupling-capacitance method to improve the reflectarray aperture efficiency at lower frequency. By changing the coupling capacitance between neighboring elements according to their positions in the reflecting surface, a more linear equivalent distance delay line is achieved. Hence, phase error is reduced. According to measurement, the reflectarray gain in 2 GHz using the proposed method is increased by 3 dBi compared with the previous design. Aperture efficiency in 2 GHz is improved by 21.6%
From Terahertz Imaging to Terahertz Wireless Communications
Terahertz (THz) technology is probably best known to the public as a powerful tool for imaging, since it has been applied in security and medical scanning, resulting in numerous impressive images that would be unobtainable using other technologies. With the roll-out of 5G mobile networks, research into 6G wireless communications is heating up. It is envisioned that THz technology will be used for 6G and future wireless communications. In this paper, we review how THz technology has been employed for imaging and wireless communications, identify state-of-the-art developments in the field, and then examine and compare common devices and issues in both applications. The possibility of integrating THz imaging/sensing and wireless communications is considered, and challenges and future perspectives are presented and discussed. It is shown that THz technology is indeed a key enabling technology for both imaging and wireless communications in the future
GraphPrompt: Biomedical Entity Normalization Using Graph-based Prompt Templates
Biomedical entity normalization unifies the language across biomedical
experiments and studies, and further enables us to obtain a holistic view of
life sciences. Current approaches mainly study the normalization of more
standardized entities such as diseases and drugs, while disregarding the more
ambiguous but crucial entities such as pathways, functions and cell types,
hindering their real-world applications. To achieve biomedical entity
normalization on these under-explored entities, we first introduce an
expert-curated dataset OBO-syn encompassing 70 different types of entities and
2 million curated entity-synonym pairs. To utilize the unique graph structure
in this dataset, we propose GraphPrompt, a prompt-based learning approach that
creates prompt templates according to the graphs. GraphPrompt obtained 41.0%
and 29.9% improvement on zero-shot and few-shot settings respectively,
indicating the effectiveness of these graph-based prompt templates. We envision
that our method GraphPrompt and OBO-syn dataset can be broadly applied to
graph-based NLP tasks, and serve as the basis for analyzing diverse and
accumulating biomedical data.Comment: 12 page
Actuarial Model Assumptions for Australian Inflation, Equity Returns, and Interest Rates
Though actuaries have developed several types of stochastic investment models for inflation, stock market returns, and interest rates, there are two commonly used in practice: autoregressive time series models with normally distributed errors, and autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) models. ARCH models are particularly suited when there is heteroscedasticity in inflation and interest rate series. In such cases nonnormal residuals are found in the empirical data. This paper examines whether Australian univariate inflation and interest rate data are consistent with autoregressive time series and ARCH model assumptions
Myloid cell-specific lipin-1 deficiency stimulates endocrine adiponectin-FGF15 axis and ameliorates ethanol-induced liver injury in mice
Lipin-1 is a phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) required for the generation of diacylglycerol during glycerolipid synthesis, and exhibits dual functions in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Lipin-1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). In the present study, we assessed lipin-1 function in myeloid cells in ALD using a myeloid cell-specific lipin-1 knockout (mLipin-1KO) mouse model. Utilizing the Gao-binge ethanol feeding protocol, matched mLipin-1KO mice and littermate loxP control (WT) mice were pair-fed with either an ethanol-containing diet or an ethanol-free diet (control). Surprisingly, deletion of lipin-1 in myeloid cells dramatically attenuated liver inflammatory responses and ameliorated liver injury that would normally occur following the ethanol feeding protocol, but slightly exacerbated the ethanol-induced steatosis in mice. Mechanistically, myeloid cell-specific lipin-1 deficiency concomitantly increased the fat-derived adiponectin and ileum-derived fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15. In concordance with concerted elevation of circulating adiponectin and FGF15, myeloid cell-specific lipin-1 deficiency diminished hepatic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity, limited liver inflammatory responses, normalized serum levels of bile acids, and protected mice from liver damage after ethanol challenge. Our novel data demonstrate that myeloid cell-specific deletion of lipin-1 ameliorated inflammation and alcoholic hepatitis in mice via activation of endocrine adiponectin-FGF15 signaling
- …