A retrospective analysis of the duration of mechanical ventilation in Scandinavian paediatric heart centres

Aim Early extubation after cardiac surgery shortens paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) length of stay (LOS) and decreases complications from mechanical ventilation (MV). We explored the duration of MV in Scandinavian paediatric heart centres. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the MV duration and PICU LOS of 696 children operated for atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) or total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) in four Scandinavian centres in 2015-2016. Neonates (n = 90) were included regardless of heart surgery type. Results Patients with ASD were extubated at a median of 3.25 h (interquartile range [IQR] 2.00-4.83), followed by patients with TCPC (median 5.00 h, IQR 2.60-16.83), VSD (median 7.00 h, IQR 3.69-22.25) and TOF (median 18.08 h, IQR 6.00-41.38). Neonates were not extubated early (median 94.42 h, IQR 45.03-138.14). Although MV durations were reflected in PICU LOS, this was not as apparent among those extubated within 12 h. The Swedish centres had shortest MV durations and PICU LOS. Extubation failed in 24/696 (3.4%) of patients. Conclusion Scandinavian paediatric heart centres differed in the duration of postoperative MV. Deferring extubation up to 12 h postoperatively did not markedly prolong PICU LOS.Peer reviewe

Revisiting the Emotion–Risk Interaction:Do Anger and Fear Moderate the Impact of Risk on Public Support for War?

A key claim in the study of emotions is that anger makes people less responsive to risks, whereas fear makes people more responsive. Although risk is a fundamental concern in the area of military conflict, no studies have directly tested whether anger and fear moderate the impact of risk on public support for war. We test this key claim with casualty risks as our case. Across five experiments (N = 4,559), utilizing well-established treatment material to vary casualty risk and induce emotions, we replicate the central finding that higher casualty risk decreases support for war. Emotions, however, do not moderate the effect of risk. These findings, combined with limitations in existing research, raise debate about the empirical robustness of the prominent emotion–risk interaction as well as widely used emotion inductions.<br/

Revisión del tratamiento actual de los sofocos inducidos por deprivación androgénica en el carcinoma prostático

Dada la mayor incidencia, prevalencia y supervivencia del carcinoma prostático en la actualidad, el manejo de los sofocos derivados de su tratamiento con análogos LH-RH ha de ser muy tenido en cuenta. El tratamiento más utilizado y a la vez el más eficaz, es la sustitución hormonal pero este tipo de terapia no esta exenta de riesgos. Hoy por hoy es factible el abordaje de los sofocos de estos pacientes mediante un variado arsenal terapéutico en el cual el tratamiento hormonal puede quedar relegado al último lugar, dado el riesgo de recidiva o progresión tumoral al tratarse de un tumor hormonosensible. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar los tratamientos utilizados actualmente y las medidas higiénico-dietéticas que pueden ayudar a disminuir la sintomatología. Se revisarán tanto los tratamientos hormonales como los no hormonales basados en su evidencia científica. Fármacos como los nuevos antidepresivos, la gabapentina y la clonidina podrían jugar un papel destacado en el manejo. Sus mecanismos de actuación aunque dispares, se enmarcan en el complejo sistema de retroalimentación ejercido por los niveles de hormonas sexuales sobre la secreción hipotalámica de noradrenalina, causa principal en la génesis de los sofocos