Detection of concealed information with of the P300 potential amplitude analysis

From introduction: "Studies that make use of the bioelectric activity of the brain and falling back on the EEG are presented as an alternative to classical polygraph examinations, especially those that make use of the Guilty Knowledge Tests/Concealed Information Tests (GKT/CIT). Th eir main purpose is detection of concealed information through the analysis of the bioelectric activity of the brain in response to presented stimuli. Th e article aims at elucidating the main questions concerning the detection of concealed information with the use of P300 potential amplitude analysis, discussion of the chief advantages and disadvantages of the method, and presentation of a review of seminal studies."(...

Optimal certifying algorithms for linear and lattice point feasibility in a system of UTVPI constraints

This thesis is concerned with the design and analysis of time-optimal and spaceoptimal, certifying algorithms for checking the linear and lattice point feasibility of a class of constraints called Unit Two Variable Per Inequality (UTVPI) constraints. In a UTVPI constraint, there are at most two non-zero variables per constraint, and the coefficients of the non-zero variables belong to the set {lcub}+1, --1{rcub}. These constraints occur in a number of application domains, including but not limited to program verification, abstract interpretation, and operations research. As per the literature, the fastest known certifying algorithm for checking lattice point feasibility in UTVPI constraint systems ([1]), runs in O( m n + n2 log n) time and O(n2) space, where m represents the number of constraints and n represents the number of variables in the constraint system. In this paper, we design and analyze new algorithms for checking the linear feasibility and the lattice point feasibility of UTVPI constraints. Both of the presented algorithms run in O( m[.]n) time and O(m + n) space. Additionally they are certifying in that they produce satisfying assignments in the event that they are presented with feasible instances and refutations in the event that they are presented with infeasible instances. The importance of providing certificates cannot be overemphasized, especially in mission-critical applications. Our approaches for both the linear and the lattice point feasibility problems in UTVPI constraints are fundamentally different from existing approaches for these problems (as described in the literature), in that our approaches are based on new insights on using well-known inference rules

Analyzing Satisfiability and Refutability in Selected Constraint Systems

This dissertation is concerned with the satisfiability and refutability problems for several constraint systems. We examine both Boolean constraint systems, in which each variable is limited to the values true and false, and polyhedral constraint systems, in which each variable is limited to the set of real numbers R in the case of linear polyhedral systems or the set of integers Z in the case of integer polyhedral systems. An important aspect of our research is that we focus on providing certificates. That is, we provide satisfying assignments or easily checkable proofs of infeasibility depending on whether the instance is feasible or not. Providing easily checkable certificates has become a much sought after feature in algorithms, especially in light of spectacular failures in the implementations of some well-known algorithms. There exist a number of problems in the constraint-solving domain for which efficient algorithms have been proposed, but which lack a certifying counterpart. When examining Boolean constraint systems, we specifically look at systems of 2-CNF clauses and systems of Horn clauses. When examining polyhedral constraint systems, we specifically look at systems of difference constraints, systems of UTVPI constraints, and systems of Horn constraints. For each examined system, we determine several properties of general refutations and determine the complexity of finding restricted refutations. These restricted forms of refutation include read-once refutations, in which each constraint can be used at most once; literal-once refutations, in which for each literal at most one constraint containing that literal can be used; and unit refutations, in which each step of the refutation must use a constraint containing exactly one literal. The advantage of read-once refutations is that they are guaranteed to be short. Thus, while not every constraint system has a read-once refutation, the small size of the refutation guarantees easy checkability

Obraz Rosji w Rzeczypospolitej w drugiej połowie XVII wieku

The aim of the work is to present the image of Russia that was shaped in the Commonwealth in the second half of the 17th century. It was developed on the basis of the opinions of the Polish nobility expressed in private, state documents and poetry. In order to analyze the collected material, it was divided into three chapters. The first chapter discusses matters related to the knowledge of Russia as a geographical region and the nation that inhabits it. The description of this country presents opinions about the climate, size, development and nature. Poles associated Russia with a great, cold, poorly researched country, located on the sidelines of Europe, whose nature has not yet been fully harnessed by man. Opinions about Russians emphasized, above all, the negative traits of their character: barbaric customs, lack of respect for a defeated opponent, arrogance, pride, and failure to keep one's word. Poles viewed Russians as people brought up in a tyrannical system that taught them to be submissive and disrespectful to others and themselves. The Commonwealth of Poland has little noticed that Russia is changing, that new schools are being created, fashion is changing, the level of culture is increasing, and the position of women is improving. Many of these transformations had to come under the influence of Polish culture reaching Moscow. In the second chapter, were developed opinions about the Russian state and religion. Opinions about the Russian state were primarily related to the person of the tsar and his relations with his subjects. The Polish nobility believed that the tsar had complete power over them, and that their subjects were obliged to take care of the tsar’s dignity and fulfill all the monarch's orders. The tsar's power was in stark contrast to the news of numerous civil revolts that shook the monarchy. Rebellions never broke out against the tsar, his power and position, but only because of poverty and against the bad rule of the tsar's advisers, and were aimed at gaining power after the tsar's death. Poles believed that the ruling system was a tyranny that took away people's freedom and made them only obedient executors of the tsar's power. Opinions on Russian Orthodoxy highlighted hostility to Catholicism, the role of the ritual in the way of professing faith and the way of celebrating religious holidays. The accounts emphasized the deep faith of the Russians, although it was believed that their faith was close to superstition. In reports from Russia, there have been numerous cases of forcing Catholics to convert to Orthodoxy. The great reform of religion carried out by Nikon has been only marginally noticed. In the opinion of Poles, the Russian Orthodox Church was subordinate to the tsar and helped him in achieving his political goals towards the Commonwealth and Ukraine. In the third chapter were presented opinions on Polish-Russian relations. This part has been divided into several subsections. In the first one were discussed opinions about the Russian army. They emphasized, above all, the brave attitude of soldiers during the war and the cruel conduct towards the civilian population. Many reports portray the large role of foreign officers in the Russian army. The next subsection describes the attitudes of the population during the war and during the occupation of Lithuania by Russia. At the beginning, a part of the population cooperated with the invader. The situation changed in 1660, when the Lithuanian population opposed the occupation forces en masse and supported the Polish army fighting for its liberation. This proves that during the several years of occupation, the Russians did not manage to convince the population to accept the new governments. It was caused by difficult living conditions, deportation of people and lack of freedom. The following section describes the efforts of the Commonwealth to ensure the freedom to profess the Catholic religion by the inhabitants of the lost Smolensk region. Based on the provisions of international treaties and news coming from that region, more and more difficulties in the exercise of Catholic worship were shown. The next subsection is devoted to the fate of prisoners of war and people deported deep into Russia. It shows the efforts of the Commonwealth to made them free and the difficulties that the Russians created to prevent their return. This section presents various ways of treating prisoners of war, forcing them to change their faith, and to cooperate with the tsar’s administration. The next part of the work discusses the views on how diplomatic relations between Russia and the Commonwealth should be shaped. They evolved in the second half of the 17th century. The distrust and lack of trust towards Russia remained unchanged. The agreement was hampered by the rivalry for Ukraine and the desire of the Commonwealth to recover the lost territories as a result of the war. What prompted cooperation, however, was the need for a common war with Turkey. In 1686, a perpetual peace was concluded, in which the Commonwealth finally gave up on the lands lost as a result of the war. This proves that the elite of the Commonwealth has come to terms with losing its position towards Russia. The last subsection is devoted to the efforts of the Romanov dynasty in the second half of the 17th century for the throne of Poland. They had the greatest real possibility of achieving this goal after the truce in Niemieży in 1656. Then, under the agreements, they secured the election of the king of Poland. Their candidatures also appeared during subsequent elections. Their choice was mainly supported by the hope that the territories lost as a result of the war would be returned, the possibility of creating a union of two states, which all neighbors would have to take into account, and the hope that the election of the tsar would restore the former power of the Commonwealth and marked the beginning of Poland's rebirth, as in the times of Jagiełło. The candidacy of the Romanovs also raised concerns. It was feared that the tsar would introduce absolute rule in the Commonwealth. His choice threatened to conflict with his neighbors. However, the tsar’s candidacy never officially appeared during the election. Summarizing the above opinions, I would like to emphasize that in the second half of the 17th century: - Russia's dissimilarity resulting from a separate culture, Orthodox religion, a different system of power, a different system of values was constantly noticed in Polish-Russian contacts. - the Polish elite noticed that the growth of Russian power was so great that the Commonwealth was unable to defeat it on its own. - there was no deeper interest about Russia in Poland; there was no desire to know her and understand what was the source of this power

Emotional Intelligence and Mismatching Expressive and Verbal Messages: A Contribution to Detection of Deception

Processing facial emotion, especially mismatches between facial and verbal messages, is believed to be important in the detection of deception. For example, emotional leakage may accompany lying. Individuals with superior emotion perception abilities may then be more adept in detecting deception by identifying mismatch between facial and verbal messages. Two personal factors that may predict such abilities are female gender and high emotional intelligence (EI). However, evidence on the role of gender and EI in detection of deception is mixed. A key issue is that the facial processing skills required to detect deception may not be the same as those required to identify facial emotion. To test this possibility, we developed a novel facial processing task, the FDT (Face Decoding Test) that requires detection of inconsistencies between facial and verbal cues to emotion. We hypothesized that gender and ability EI would be related to performance when cues were inconsistent. We also hypothesized that gender effects would be mediated by EI, because women tend to score as more emotionally intelligent on ability tests. Data were collected from 210 participants. Analyses of the FDT suggested that EI was correlated with superior face decoding in all conditions. We also confirmed the expected gender difference, the superiority of high EI individuals, and the mediation hypothesis. Also, EI was more strongly associated with facial decoding performance in women than in men, implying there may be gender differences in strategies for processing affective cues. It is concluded that integration of emotional and cognitive cues may be a core attribute of EI that contributes to the detection of deception

Age dependent changes of the diploe in the human skull

This paper presents an approach to the investigation of age-related morphological changes in the diploe of the human skull. Comparative investigations were performed on 10 dried skulls of young and old individuals. Computer tomography was employed followed by filtering of the digital images to visualise more details of the inner structure of the calvarial bones. As a result of our analysis, we concluded that the diploe of the young individuals was homogenous cancellous bone, which tightly fills the space between the outer and inner tables of the calvarial bones. The diploe of the older individual is more porous, showing a trace of sclerosis and with lacunas. Its texture is more scattered in the images and presents a higher level of degradation. The structural differences of the diploe in the skulls of older individuals can be due to a process of involution related to a diminishing of trabecular density in the cancellous bone. These processes are usually accompanied by fluctuations in the mineral components

Nonlinear Faraday Rotation and Superposition-State Detection in Cold Atoms

We report on the first observation of nonlinear Faraday rotation with cold atoms at a temperature of ~100 uK. The observed nonlinear rotation of the light polarization plane is up to 0.1 rad over the 1 mm size atomic cloud in approximately 10 mG magnetic field. The nonlinearity of rotation results from long-lived coherence of ground-state Zeeman sublevels created by a near-resonant light. The method allows for creation, detection and control of atomic superposition states. It also allows applications for precision magnetometry with high spatial and temporal resolution.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

Semiregular factorization of simple graphs

A graph G is a (d, d + s)-graph if the degree of each vertex of G lies in the interval [d, d + s]. A (d, d + 1)-graph is said to be semiregular. An (r, r + 1) -factorization of a graph is a decomposition of the graph into edgedisjoint (r, r + 1)-factors.We discuss here the state of knowledge about (r, r + 1)-factorizations of d -regular graphs and of (d, d + 1)-graphs.For r, s ≥ 0, let φ(r, s) be the least integer such that, if d ≥ φ(r, s) and G is any simple [d, d + s]-graph, then G has an (r, r + 1)-factorization.Akiyama and Kano (when r is even) and Cai (when r is odd) showed that φ(r, s) exists for all r, s. We show that, for s ≥ 2, φ(r, s) = r(r + s + 1) + 1. Earlier φ(r, 0) was determined by Egawa and Era, and φ(r, 1) was determined by Hilton

Rola myślenia magicznego w obronie przed lękiem

Authors undertake the theme of protection against anxiety and magical thinking as a defense mechanism. The differences in functions of magical thinking in children, healthy adults and individuals suffering from mental disorders are discussed. The described mode of thinking is a natural consequence of ones development which changes specific attitude towards life in process of maturation of a man. If it keeps its primitive form, magical thinking becomes a symptom of pathology.Niniejsza praca jest przeglądem koncepcji rozumienia lęku oraz myślenia magicznego rozumianego jako swoisty mechanizm obronny. Przedmiotem dyskusji są różnice funkcji myślenia magicznego w kontekście przeżywanych stanów lękowych. Opisywany rodzaj myślenia wynika z naturalnej konsekwencji rozwojowej, który w procesie dojrzewania człowieka przekształca się w specyficzną postawę wobec życia. Jeżeli utrzymuje się w pierwotnej formie, myślenie magiczne staje się objawem świadczącym o patologii