A Note on Walrasian Equilibria with Moral Hazard and Aggregate Uncertainty

In a fundamental contribution, Prescott and Townsend (1984) [PT] have shown that the existence and efficiency properties of Walrasian equilibria extend to economies with moral hazard, when agents' trades are observable (exclusive contracts can be implemented). More recently, Bennardo and Chiappori (2003) [BC] have argued that Walrasian equilibria may (robustly) fail to exist when the class of moral hazard economies considered by Prescott and Townsend is generalized to allow for the presence of aggregate, in addition to idiosyncratic, uncertainty and for preferences which are nonseparable in consumption and effort. We re-examine here the existence and efficiency properties of Walrasian equilibria in the moral hazard economy considered by Bennardo and Chiappori. We show that Walrasian equilibria always exist in such economy and are incentive efficient, so the results of Prescott and Townsend continue to hold in the more general set-up considered by Bennardo and Chiappori

The effect of waiters’ occupational identity on employee turnover within the context of Michelin-starred restaurants

Although restaurants employ a high number of employees across the UK, accounting for 4.5% of total UK employment, this figure masks the relatively high degree of employee turnover. There is limited information about work engagement and turnover amongst waitering staff (servers). This study analyzed which antecedents (e.g., employer brand, extraversion and stereotype) impact servers’ occupational identity, and how this relationship affects work engagement and employee turnover within a theoretically-informed conceptual framework. A sample of servers in London based Michelin-starred restaurants was used (N=398). Although extraversion and stereotype reactance were not found to be relevant to occupational identity, employer brand was. The notion that the construction of occupational identity has consequences for work engagement and employee turnover was supported, as positive relationships were found. This research has practical implications for restaurant management strategy, and informs further investigations within the field

Employees occupational identity

This chapter aims in developing a better comprehension of the concept of employee occupational identity, its antecedents and consequences (employee turnover and work engagement); the importance of the stimuli and its influence on building corporate identity, image and reputation in the digital era explained by using salience as a moderator of this relationship

Exploring waiters' occupational identity and turnover intention: a qualitative study focusing on Michelin-starred restaurants in London

Occupational identity is under-researched in the waiting sector, but understanding the occupational framework that relates to employee turnover intention in restaurants is important for enhancing employee retention. The aim of this study is to build better comprehension of waiters’ occupational identities in relation to turnover, concentrating on identifying the factors that influence occupational identity construction, and its consequences, in terms of employee turnover intention. This research applied a qualitative methodology, using 11 detailed interviews with a range of relevant professionals, as well as 3 focus groups of waiters, each with 18 respondents. The majority of the respondents were invited from Michelin-starred restaurants in London, UK. When the qualitative data was analysed, the themes of self-concept, employer branding, reactance stereotype and work interaction emerged, all of which were seen to influence the construction of occupational identity, and impact employee turnover intention. Findings of this study are expected to make theoretical and managerial contributions

¿Existe alguna relación entre la capacidad de movimiento funcional y el estado ponderal? Un estudio en escolares españoles

Indexación: Scopus.Background: to examine relations between functional movement patterns and weight status in Spanish primary school children and to determine the differences between sexes. Methods: three hundred and thirty-three, 6-13 years old children (164 boys and 169 girls), participated in this study. The main outcome measures were the body mass index (BMI) and the Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS). Children were classified as normal weight (NW), overweight (OV) or obese (OB) according to international cut-offs. Results: total FMS score was negatively correlated with BMI (p < 0.001). FMS score was different between children from NW, OV and OB groups (p = 0.001), lower with the increased BMI (p < 0.001 between all groups). Significant differences (p < 0.05) between NW, OV and OB were found in deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge, shoulder mobility, straight leg-raise and push-up tests. As for the sex differences, girls obtained higher scores (p < 0.05) in in-line lunge, shoulder mobility and straight leg-raise, whereas boys did it in push-up (p = 0.044) test. Conclusions: these results confirm that total FMS score significantly and inversely correlates with BMI in a group of 333 school-age children. As for the sex differences, girls outperform boys in movements requiring flexibility and balance, whilst boys outperform girls in tests where muscular strength is required. © 2018 SENPE and Arán Ediciones S.L.Introducción: examinar la relación entre los patrones de movimiento funcional y el estado ponderal en escolares españoles, determinando también la infl uencia de la variable sexo. Métodos: trescientos treinta y tres niños de 6-13 años de edad (164 niños y 169 niñas), participaron voluntariamente en este estudio. Las variables objeto de estudio fueron el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la batería de test Functional Movement ScreenTM (FMS). Los niños fueron clasifi cados como normopeso (NW), sobrepeso (OV) y obesos (OB) de acuerdo con los puntos de corte internacionales. Resultados: la puntuación total en el FMS correlacionó de forma negativa y signifi cativa con el IMC (p < 0,001). La puntuación en FMS fue diferente entre las categorías de peso (p = 0,001), hallando un peor rendimiento en FMS conforme aumenta el IMC (p < 0,001 entre todos los grupos). Se hallaron diferencias signifi cativas (p < 0,05) entre NW, OV y OB en los test de deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge, shoulder mobility, straight leg-raise and push-up. En cuanto a las diferencias por sexo, las chicas obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en FMS (p < 0,05) en los test in-line lunge, shoulder mobility and straight leg-raise; mientras los chicos obtuvieron puntuaciones superiores en el test de push-up (p = 0,044). Conclusiones: los resultados confi rman que la puntuación total en el FMS correlaciona signifi cativa y negativamente con el IMC en este grupo de 333 escolares. En cuanto a la infl uencia del sexo, las chicas obtuvieron mayor puntuación que los chicos en los test que requerían fl exibilidad y equilibrio, mientras los chicos fueron superiores en los test en los que predominaba la fuerza muscular.https://www.nutricionhospitalaria.org/index.php/articles/01670/show#

Constitutive and regulated expression vectors to construct polyphosphate deficient bacteria

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), a polymer of tens or hundreds of phosphate residues linked by ATP-like bonds, is found in all organisms and performs a wide variety of functions. PolyP is synthesized in bacterial cells by the actions of polyphosphate kinases (PPK1 and PPK2) and degraded by an exopolyphosphatase (PPX). Bacterial cells with polyP deficiencies are impaired in many structural and important cellular functions such as motility, quorum sensing, biofilm formation and virulence. Knockout mutants of the <it>ppk1 </it>gene have been the most frequent strategy employed to generate polyP deficient cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>As an alternative method to construct polyP-deficient bacteria we developed constitutive and regulated broad-host-range vectors for depleting the cellular polyP content. This was achieved by the overexpression of yeast exopolyphosphatase (PPX1). Using this approach in a polyphosphate accumulating bacteria (<it>Pseudomonas sp</it>. B4), we were able to eliminate most of the cellular polyP (>95%). Furthermore, the effect of overexpression of PPX1 resembled the functional defects found in motility and biofilm formation in a <it>ppk1 </it>mutant from <it>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </it>PAO1. The plasmids constructed were also successfully replicated in other bacteria such as <it>Escherichia coli, Burkholderia </it>and <it>Salmonella</it>.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>To deplete polyP contents in bacteria broad-host-range expression vectors can be used as an alternative and more efficient method compared with the deletion of <it>ppk </it>genes. It is of great importance to understand why polyP deficiency affects vital cellular processes in bacteria. The construction reported in this work will be of great relevance to study the role of polyP in microorganisms with non-sequenced genomes or those in which orthologs to <it>ppk </it>genes have not been identified.</p

Impacto de las estrategias didácticas implementadas en lengua castellana a estudiantes de grado primero en tiempos de COVID-19

Ante el cierre preventivo de instituciones escolares producto de la emergencia por COVID-19, cientos de países definieron un plan para que la educación no se detenga. Sin embargo, asegurar la continuidad en el proceso educativo no es simple y lleva implícito grandes desafíos para docentes, padres de familia, cuidadores y estudiantes; aunque existen recomendaciones el tema se reconoce como “abierto” y lejos aún de evidencias concluyentes que puedan orientar las acciones pedagógicas, (Pimentel, 2020) el panorama de las políticas educativas se describe como emergente y fluido, la evidencia y documentación es poca generalmente carece de detalles, lo que hace difícil determinar que funciona y que no en esta etapa (Jyones Gibbs, Sims, Rodnet y 2020). En este contexto la investigación recogió información sobre el impacto de las estrategias didácticas implementadas por los docentes de la Institución Educativa Cedid Ciudad Bolívar Sede C Jornada Tarde a los estudiantes de grado 102 durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 en el II y III periodo académico 2020. De los resultados surgió una descripción de las herramientas utilizadas para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje orientadas a dar continuidad a la educación para ello los docentes combinaron estrategias tradicionales y digitales de segunda y tercera generación. De otro lado se encontró que las principales problemáticas a las que se enfrentaron son logísticas, tecnológicas y socioafectivas. En cuanto al uso de la tecnología para la comunicación utilizaron WhatsApp, para su trabajo académico Google Classroom, Wixsite y la plataforma institucional, para trabajo sincrónico las plataformas Zoom, Teams y Meet. La mayoría de los docentes refieren requerir apoyo tecnológico y asesoría didáctica para continuar los procesos académicos. (apartes del texto)Facing the preventive closure of school institutions as a result of the COVID-19 emergency, hundreds of countries defined a plan so that education does not stop. However, ensuring continuity in the educational process is not that simple and it implies great challenges for teachers, parents, caregivers and students. Although there are some recommendations, the subject is recognized as "open" and still far from conclusive evidence that can guide pedagogical actions, the panorama of educational policies is described as emerging and fluid, the evidence and documentation is scarce, generally lacks details, which makes hard to determine what works and what doesn't at this point. Having this in mind, this research collected information on the impact of the didactic strategies implemented by the teachers of the “Institución Educativa Cedid Ciudad Bolívar Sede C Jornada Tarde” to the students of grade 102 during the confinement by COVID-19 in the II and III academic period of2020. As a result, a description of the tools used for teaching and learning surged and this aimed at providing continuity to education, this is why the teachers combined traditional and digital second and third generation strategies. On the other hand, it was found that the main problems the teachers faced are logistical, technological and socio-affective. Regarding the use of technology for communication, they used WhatsApp, for their academic work Google Classroom, Wixsite and the institutional platform, for synchronous work the Zoom, Teams and Meet platforms. Most of the teachers report requiring technological support and didactic advice to continue the academic processes.Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadore

Assessing the Influence of Salmon Farming through Total Lipids, Fatty Acids, and Trace Elements in the Liver and Muscle of Wild Saithe Pollachius virens

Saithe Pollachius virens are attracted to uneaten salmon feed underneath cages at open-cage salmon farms in Norway. The aggregated Saithe have modified their feeding habits as they have switched from wild prey to uneaten food pellets, which could lead to physiological and biochemical changes in the Saithe. Variations in profiles of total lipids, fatty acids, and trace elements in Saithe liver and muscle were measured to evaluate the influence of fish feed from salmon farms on wild Saithe populations. Farm-aggregated Saithe had higher fat content in liver tissues than did individuals captured more than 25 km away from farms, but no clear differences were found in muscle tissues. High proportions of fatty acids of terrestrial origin, such as oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, in liver and muscle tissues of farm-aggregated Saithe reflected the presence of wild Saithe at farms. Accordingly, low proportions of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids in Saithe tissues mirrored the feeding activity at farms. Variations in specific trace element signatures among fish groups also revealed the farming influence on wild Saithe. High levels of Fe, As, Se, Zn, and B in liver, but also As, B, Li, Hg, and Sr in muscle of Saithe captured away from farms indicated the absence of feeding at farms.This study was part of the project “Evaluation of actions to promote sustainable coexistence between salmon culture and coastal fisheries – ProCoEx” funded by The Norwegian Seafood Research Fund (FHF). The study was also supported by the Norwegian Research Council through the EcoCoast project