¡A sangre y fuego! Intervención de los artilleros canarios en Marruecos tras el desastre de Annual (1921-1923)

: En el verano de 1921, miles de soldados españoles murieron en Annual. Las noticias de impacto de la prensa sobre los métodos salvajes de las jarcas del Rif y la actividad del ejército en África fueron los protagonistas de la opinión pública española. Por esta razón, las tropas canarias fueron requeridas para participar en la llamada Campaña de Yebala, en el norte marroquí. Los artilleros canarios jugaron un papel importante en este periodo, que se analiza a través de los testimonios de Ramón de Ascanio y León Huerta y de José Batllori Lorenzo. La repercusión social de sus acciones y la participación de la sociedad canaria en apoyo de los soldados desplazados se reflejan en esta comunicación

Biomechanical behavior of customized scaffolds: A three-dimensional finite element analysis

Teeth loss due to periodontal diseases, trauma, or infections often causes dimensional loss in the affected maxillary. In patients with reduced maxillary size, restoration of chewing function and esthetics with endosseous dental implants may fail. The aim of this work was to simulate the biomechanical behavior, using the finite element method, of customized scaffolds fixed by a dental implant on a partially edentulous jaw. Porous scaffolds were designed from medical images of a partially edentulous jaw with type IV bone quality. The influence of the diameter of the hole and the porosity of the scaffold on the maximum levels of stress and strain in the peri-implant bone was evaluated. The highest stress values in the scaffolds, dental implant, and crown were lower than the yield strength of their respective materials. The customized scaffolds allow to recover the dimensions of the evaluated jaw. A significant decrease in stress and strain values was observed in the peri-implant cortical bone. Furthermore, it was found that the evaluated parameters did not have a significant influence on the maximum von Mises equivalent stress and maximum strain values in the peri-implant bone.MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 PID2019-109371 GB-I0

Cliocanarias III

Este número de Cliocanarias ofrece un conjunto de artículos de investigación y divulgación relativos a muy diversos temas y ámbitos territoriale

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Genomic investigations of unexplained acute hepatitis in children

Since its first identification in Scotland, over 1,000 cases of unexplained paediatric hepatitis in children have been reported worldwide, including 278 cases in the UK1. Here we report an investigation of 38 cases, 66 age-matched immunocompetent controls and 21 immunocompromised comparator participants, using a combination of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and immunohistochemical methods. We detected high levels of adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) DNA in the liver, blood, plasma or stool from 27 of 28 cases. We found low levels of adenovirus (HAdV) and human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) in 23 of 31 and 16 of 23, respectively, of the cases tested. By contrast, AAV2 was infrequently detected and at low titre in the blood or the liver from control children with HAdV, even when profoundly immunosuppressed. AAV2, HAdV and HHV-6 phylogeny excluded the emergence of novel strains in cases. Histological analyses of explanted livers showed enrichment for T cells and B lineage cells. Proteomic comparison of liver tissue from cases and healthy controls identified increased expression of HLA class 2, immunoglobulin variable regions and complement proteins. HAdV and AAV2 proteins were not detected in the livers. Instead, we identified AAV2 DNA complexes reflecting both HAdV-mediated and HHV-6B-mediated replication. We hypothesize that high levels of abnormal AAV2 replication products aided by HAdV and, in severe cases, HHV-6B may have triggered immune-mediated hepatic disease in genetically and immunologically predisposed children

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Mejoramiento en proceso de solicitud de devolución y/o compensación de saldos a favor originado en la declaración del impuesto a la renta y complementarios de la empresa CONHYDRA SA E.S.P.

Los Impuestos son un tributo que cada contribuyente, sea persona natural o jurídica responsable, debe cumplir adecuadamente, debido a esto, existen leyes y normas que los regulan. Muchas veces, en las declaraciones de dichos tributos resultan saldos a favor, en este caso el organismo encargado del recaudo debe hacer devolución al declarante, siempre y cuando, este último se encuentre a paz y salvo con el ente recaudador. Este informe relatara la normatividad que respalda el procedimiento de la Solicitud de Saldos a Favor y/o compensación generado en la Declaración de Impuestos de Renta y Complementario. Además, explicará el paso a paso a seguir para radicar la petición ante la DIAN, ya sea de forma virtual o presencial. Esto con el fin de documentar el procedimiento de la solicitud en la empresa CONHYDRA S.A E.S.P, quien permitió que los estudiantes de octavo semestre de Contaduría Pública de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, hicieran parte del grupo contable de la compañía para servir de apoyo en la elaboración de un instructivo interno, que les permita soportar ante la gerencia, que tanto el(la) coordinador (a) contable como él (la) analista de Impuestos, están en plena facultad de realizar el procedimiento, sin necesidad de recurrir a terceros.Taxes are a tribute that each taxpayer, whether responsible natural or legal person must adequately comply, due to this, there are laws and regulations that regulate them. Many times, in the declarations of these taxes, results balances are in favor, in which case the agency in charge of the collection must to return to the declarant, as long as the latter is at peace and safe with the collecting entity. The report will report the regulations that support the request for balances in favor and/ or compensation generated in income and complementary taxes. Besides, to explain the step by step that must be followed to file the petition with DIAN, either virtual or in person. This in order to document the application procedure at the company CONHYDRA S.A E.S.P, which allowed that the eighth-semester students of public accounting of the Cooperative University of Colombia, were part of the accounting group of the company to serve as support in the elaboration of an internal instructive, that allows them to withstand with management that as much the accounting coordinator as the tax analyst are fully empowered to carry out this procedure, without having to draw on to third parties.Lista de tablas -- Lista de ilustraciones -- Lista de anexos -- Introducción -- Planteamiento y Formulación del problema -- Justificación -- Objetivos -- Objetivo general -- Objetivos específicos -- Metodología -- Reseña histórica de CONHYDRA S.A E.S.P -- Misión -- Visión -- Servicios -- Descripción del contexto del trabajo de grado -- Desarrollo del trabajo -- Solicitud de devolución y/o Compensación de Saldo a Favor Originado en la Declaración del Impuesto sobre la Renta y Complementarios -- Modalidades de Saldos a Favor – Art 815 al Art 850 E.T -- Art. 851. Facultad para fijar Trámites de Devolución de Impuestos -- Plazo para Solicitar la Devolución de los Saldos a Favor art 850 E.T -- Procedimiento para solicitar devolución y/o compensación de saldos a favor -- Trámites y Requisitos para presentar la Solicitud de Devolución y/o Compensación -- Flujograma de la empresa CONHYDRA SA E.S.P. -- Termino para devolver el saldo solicitado -- Término para solicitar devolución de saldos a favor cuando se inadmite la solicitud de devolución -- Ingreso al portal DIAN para radicar la solicitud. -- Conclusiones -- Aportes -- Referencias -- Anexoshttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001779274https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001779336https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001780241https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001780350https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/gruplac/jsp/visualiza/visualizagr.jsp?nro=00000000021568jennifer.zapataz@[email protected]@[email protected]://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=HrH1QOgAAAAJhttps://scholar.google.com/citations?user=3tMiZBoAAAAJ&hl=e