5 research outputs found
The Origin and Dispersion of Human Parasitic Diseases in the Old World (Africa, Europe and Madagascar)
The ancestors of present-day man (Homo sapiens sapiens )
appeared in East Africa some three and a half million years ago
(Australopithecs), and then migrated to Europe, Asia, and later to the
Americas, thus beginning the differentiation process. The passage from
nomadic to sedentary life took place in the Middle East in around 8000
BC. Wars, spontaneous migrations and forced migrations (slave trade)
led to enormous mixtures of populations in Europe and Africa and
favoured the spread of numerous parasitic diseases with specific
strains according to geographic area. The three human plasmodia
(Plasmodium falciparum , P. vivax, and P. malariae) were
imported from Africa into the Mediterranean region with the first human
migrations, but it was the Neolithic revolution (sedentarisation,
irrigation, population increase) which brought about actual foci for
malaria. The reservoir for Leishmania infantum and L. donovani
- the dog - has been domesticated for thousands of years. Wild rodents
as reservoirs of L. major have also long been in contact with man and
probably were imported from tropical Africa across the Sahara. L.
tropica, by contrast, followed the migrations of man, its only
reservoir. L. infantum and L. donovani spread with man and his dogs
from West Africa. Likewise, for thousands of years, the dog has played
an important role in the spread and the endemic character of
hydatidosis through sheep (in Europe and North Africa) and dromadary
(in the Sahara and North Africa). Schistosoma haematobium and
S. mansoni have existed since prehistoric times in populations living
in or passing through the Sahara. These populations then transported
them to countries of Northern Africa where the specific, intermediary
hosts were already present. Madagascar was inhabited by populations of
Indonesian origin who imported lymphatic filariosis across the Indian
Ocean (possibly of African origin since the Indonesian sailors had
spent time on the African coast before reaching Madagascar). Migrants
coming from Africa and Arabia brought with them the two African forms
of bilharziosis: S. haematobium and S. mansoni
L'Estuaire (75)
Avant-propos -- Éditorial -- Les relations entre les historiens et les musées : l'exemple du Bas-Saint-Laurent -- Le pianoforte du Conservatoire de musique de Rimouski -- L'histoire d'un cours d'eau étouffé par un aménagement d'urgence : le cas du Bonhomme-Morency au Bas-Saint-Laurent -- Les Micmacs au Bas-Saint-Laurent, du 16e au 19e siècle -- Quand la religion et la politique ne font pas bon ménage : l'élection provinciale de 1890 dans le comté de Bonaventure -- Des livres à lire
The Green Edge cruise: investigating the marginal ice zone processes during late spring and early summer to understand the fate of the Arctic phytoplankton bloom
The Green Edge project was designed to investigate the onset, life, and fate of a phytoplankton spring bloom (PSB) in the Arctic Ocean. The lengthening of the ice-free period and the warming of seawater, amongst other factors, have induced major changes in Arctic Ocean biology over the last decades. Because the PSB is at the base of the Arctic Ocean food chain, it is crucial to understand how changes in the Arctic environment will affect it. Green Edge was a large multidisciplinary, collaborative project bringing researchers and technicians from 28 different institutions in seven countries together, aiming at understanding these changes and their impacts on the future. The fieldwork for the Green Edge project took place over two years (2015 and 2016) and was carried out from both an ice camp and a research vessel in Baffin Bay, in the Canadian Arctic. This paper describes the sampling strategy and the dataset obtained from the research cruise, which took place aboard the Canadian Coast Guard ship (CCGS) Amundsen in late spring and early summer 2016. The sampling strategy was designed around the repetitive, perpendicular crossing of the marginal ice zone (MIZ), using not only ship-based station discrete sampling but also high-resolution measurements from autonomous platforms (Gliders, BGC-Argo floats …) and under-way monitoring systems. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.17882/86417 (Bruyant et al., 2022)
The Green Edge cruise: Understanding the onset, life and fate of the Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom
Abstract. The Green Edge project was designed to investigate the onset, life and fate of a phytoplankton spring bloom (PSB) in the Arctic Ocean. The lengthening of the ice-free period and the warming of seawater, amongst other factors, have induced major changes in arctic ocean biology over the last decades. Because the PSB is at the base of the Arctic Ocean food chain, it is crucial to understand how changes in the arctic environment will affect it. Green Edge was a large multidisciplinary collaborative project bringing researchers and technicians from 28 different institutions in seven countries, together aiming at understanding these changes and their impacts into the future. The fieldwork for the Green Edge project took place over two years (2015 and 2016) and was carried out from both an ice-camp and a research vessel in the Baffin Bay, canadian arctic. This paper describes the sampling strategy and the data set obtained from the research cruise, which took place aboard the Canadian Coast Guard Ship (CCGS) Amundsen in spring 2016. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.17882/59892 (Massicotte et al., 2019a)