Forefoot Strike, Rear Foot Strike Or Running Shoes. Does It Matter?

The main aim of this article is to provide some insight into evidence-based data in running. The prevalence of a rearfoot strike (RFS) pattern is much more usual than a forefoot strike (FFS) even among elite distance runners. There has been significant pressure on runners to change their running style from RFS to FFS in recent times. Usually, this has been justified by the statement that FFS relates to a lower injury rate. Recent studies have shown however, that this statement is probably false. Different types of strike pattern have an influence on loading different structures of the lower limbs, but the total incidence of running related injuries is the same regardless of the type of foot strike pattern. We want to provide not only an objective view on running technique but also an evidence-based view on the choice of running shoes. There are many recommendations to consider when choosing running shoes, especially in running stores, but only a few of them are supported by research. This article is not a meta-analysis but it provides some evidence-based information about running styles and running shoes

Dynamic rifle stability is not influenced by exercise intensity in young biathletes

The aim of the study was to analyse and find out potential dependence between the dynamic rifle stability during targeting and percentage pressure value on the trigger 1 second and 0.5 second before the shot in different intensities of the physical load. Fifteen national youth and junior elite biathletes (ten women, five men) from a team of the Czech Republic participated in the study. All participants completed measuring of the dynamic behavior of the rifle in rest and after roller skiing in three different exercise intensities: Intensity 1 = 70 % of HRmax (maximum heart rate), average speed 4.1 – 4.6 m·s-1; Intensity 2 = 80 % of HRmax, average speed 4.5 – 5.0 m·s-1; Intensity 3 = 90 % of HRmax, average speed 4.9 – 5.4 m·s-1. Each bout consisted from a distance of one km. They shot in standing position with using their own biathlons rifle with a fixed accelerometer and trigger sensor. The data used in our research showed that the dynamic rifle stability is not influenced by exercise intensity neither in the men nor women group. However, our study demonstrated that the rifle stability is better in time 0.5 second before the shot than in time 1 second before the shot. The measurement of triggering in our study showed that participants are able to work with their fingers on the triggers in similar quality in the racing load as well as without the previous physical load.This article was written at the Masaryk University as part of the project Evaluation of shooting performance based on selected aspects of physical load MUNI/A/1117/2017 with the support of the Specific University Research Grant, as provided by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic in the year 2018

Repeat associated mechanisms of genome evolution and function revealed by the Mus caroli and Mus pahari genomes

Understanding the mechanisms driving lineage-specific evolution in both primates and rodents has been hindered by the lack of sister clades with a similar phylogenetic structure having high-quality genome assemblies. Here, we have created chromosome-level assemblies of the Mus caroli and Mus pahari genomes. Together with the Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus genomes, this set of rodent genomes is similar in divergence times to the Hominidae (human-chimpanzee-gorilla-orangutan). By comparing the evolutionary dynamics between the Muridae and Hominidae, we identified punctate events of chromosome reshuffling that shaped the ancestral karyotype of Mus musculus and Mus caroli between 3 and 6 million yr ago, but that are absent in the Hominidae. Hominidae show between four- and sevenfold lower rates of nucleotide change and feature turnover in both neutral and functional sequences, suggesting an underlying coherence to the Muridae acceleration. Our system of matched, high-quality genome assemblies revealed how specific classes of repeats can play lineage-specific roles in related species. Recent LINE activity has remodeled protein-coding loci to a greater extent across the Muridae than the Hominidae, with functional consequences at the species level such as reproductive isolation. Furthermore, we charted a Muridae-specific retrotransposon expansion at unprecedented resolution, revealing how a single nucleotide mutation transformed a specific SINE element into an active CTCF binding site carrier specifically in Mus caroli, which resulted in thousands of novel, species-specific CTCF binding sites. Our results show that the comparison of matched phylogenetic sets of genomes will be an increasingly powerful strategy for understanding mammalian biology

Repeat associated mechanisms of genome evolution and function revealed by the Mus caroli and Mus pahari genomes.

Understanding the mechanisms driving lineage-specific evolution in both primates and rodents has been hindered by the lack of sister clades with a similar phylogenetic structure having high-quality genome assemblies. Here, we have created chromosome-level assemblies of the Mus caroli and Mus pahari genomes. Together with the Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus genomes, this set of rodent genomes is similar in divergence times to the Hominidae (human-chimpanzee-gorilla-orangutan). By comparing the evolutionary dynamics between the Muridae and Hominidae, we identified punctate events of chromosome reshuffling that shaped the ancestral karyotype of Mus musculus and Mus caroli between 3 and 6 million yr ago, but that are absent in the Hominidae. Hominidae show between four- and sevenfold lower rates of nucleotide change and feature turnover in both neutral and functional sequences, suggesting an underlying coherence to the Muridae acceleration. Our system of matched, high-quality genome assemblies revealed how specific classes of repeats can play lineage-specific roles in related species. Recent LINE activity has remodeled protein-coding loci to a greater extent across the Muridae than the Hominidae, with functional consequences at the species level such as reproductive isolation. Furthermore, we charted a Muridae-specific retrotransposon expansion at unprecedented resolution, revealing how a single nucleotide mutation transformed a specific SINE element into an active CTCF binding site carrier specifically in Mus caroli, which resulted in thousands of novel, species-specific CTCF binding sites. Our results show that the comparison of matched phylogenetic sets of genomes will be an increasingly powerful strategy for understanding mammalian biology

Comparison of pension systems of the Czech Republic and Canada until 2020

Bakalářská práce se zabývá analýzou a následnou komparací současného nastavení důchodového systému České republiky a Kanady. V teoretické části bakalářské práce autor definuje metody využité v práci a následně představuje elementární pojmy z oblasti sociální politiky. V této části je také nastíněn historický vývoj a popsány jednotlivé typy penzijních plánů a jejích různé způsoby financování. V praktické části jsou za použití metody komparace porovnány důchodové systémy z hlediska historického vývoje, náhradového poměru, solidarity, zásluhovosti a nákladovosti. Autor na základě provedené komparace sestavuje SWOT analýzu, která slouží jako podklad pro vytvoření návrhu změn a doporučení, která by dle něj bylo dobře aplikovat na současný penzijní systém v České republice. Dle SWOT analýzy patří mezi největší slabiny tuzemského systému jeho nízká zásluhovost a vysoká nákladovost. V souladu se SWOT analýzou autor doporučuje znovuzavedení druhého pilíře penzijního pojištění a změnu současného způsobu financování PAYG na hybridní systém dle kanadského vzoru.The bachelor thesis deals with the analysis and subsequent comparison of the current setting of the pension system of the Czech Republic and Canada. In the theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis, the author defines the methods used in the work and then introduces the basic concepts of social policy. This section also outlines the historical development and describes the various types of pension plans and their various methods of financing. In the practical part, using the comparison method, pension systems are compared in terms of historical development, replacement ratio, solidarity, meritocracy and cost. Based on the comparison, the author compiles a SWOT analysis, which serves as a basis for creating a proposal for changes and recommendations, which according to him would be appropriate to apply to the current pension system in the Czech Republic. According to the SWOT analysis, the biggest weaknesses of the domestic system are its low merit and high cost. In accordance with the SWOT analysis, the author recommends the reintroduction of the second pillar of pension insurance and the change of the current method of financing the PAYG system to a hybrid system according to the Canadian model

Evaluation of the impact of "Share of Search" on the size of the market share of companies in selected markets in the Czech Republic in 2019-2022

Diplomová práce se zaměřuje na analýzu dopadu metriky Share of Search na tržní podíly firem působících na území České republiky v odvětví energetických nápojů a sportovního oblečení a obuvi v období mezi lety 2019 a 2022. Na základě výsledků je vyhodnocena vhodnost metriky pro stanovení měřitelných cílů a řešení problému principal-agent. Práce zkoumá vztah metriky Share of Search a skutečných tržních podílů pomocí korelace a regrese mezi podílem na trhu vyhledávání a reálnými podíly firem během zkoumaného období. Je zde zdůrazněna aktuálnost tématu, zejména v kontextu rychlého přijetí metriky Share of Search vytvořené roku 2020, a rozšiřuje existující poznatky o vztahu mezi hledaností a skutečnými tržními podíly. Práce potvrzuje částečnou relevanci metriky Share of Search pro určité značky a trhy. Omezení metriky je zejména v nekonzistentnosti výsledků. V případě korelace se jednalo o volatilitu hodnot Pearsonova koeficientu, jež nabývá střídavě kladných a záporných hodnot, což omezuje využitelnost metriky pro stanovení měřitelných cílů. Z pohledu regrese se podařilo u vybraných značek potvrdit vliv hledanosti na podíl na trhu. V žádném modelu se však tento vliv nepodařilo potvrdit u všech značek, díky čemuž je využitelnost metriky pro stanovení měřitelných cílů a eliminaci problému principal-agent taktéž nedostatečná.The thesis focuses on analysing the impact of the Share of Search metric on the market shares of firms operating in the Czech Republic in the energy drinks and sportswear and footwear sectors between 2019 and 2022. The results are used to evaluate the suitability of the metric for setting measurable targets and solving the principal-agent problem. The thesis investigates the relationship between Share of Search metric and actual market shares by using correlation and regression between Share of Search and actual market shares of firms during the study period. The relevance of the topic is highlighted, especially in the context of the rapid adoption of the Share of Search metric created in 2020, and extends existing knowledge on the relationship between search and actual market shares. The paper confirms the partial relevance of the Share of Search metric for certain brands and markets. The limitation of the metric is mainly in the inconsistency of the results. In the case of correlation, it was the volatility of Pearson's coefficient values, which takes alternating positive and negative values, limiting the metric's usefulness for setting measurable targets. In terms of regression, the effect of search on market share was confirmed for some brands. However, no model confirmed this effect for all brands, which also makes the metric's usefulness for setting measurable targets and eliminating the principal-agent problem insufficient

Objectification of supporting base of infants at the edge of third and fourth month via using a pressure plate Conformat - pilot study

The goal of this thesis is to contribute to discovering a method which can lead to objectification of support base of infants in prone position at the edge of third and fourth month. The motor development during first six months is described in this thesis based on literature search. Part of the thesis is dedicated to selected primitive reflexes and postural reactions. Furthermore, the work deals with objectification of support base of infants at the edge of third and fourth month. In the study were evaluated 10 infants (5 males and 5 females) with average age 14,01 ± 2,2 weeks. Distribution of support was assessed in three situations such as prone position, prone position with maximal rotation of head to the left and prone position with maximal rotation of head to the right. The results did not show significant difference in weight bearing the left and right upper extremity in prone position. However there was a significant difference in weight bearing in the upper extremities during head rotation. The upper extremity on the side of rotation was more loaded. The weight applied to the upper and lower extremities was significantly different in every evaluated situation. Upper extremities were always weighted more. Keywords Supporting base, developmental kinesiology, postural reactions, primitive..

Early Palaeozoic sedimentary record and provenance of flysch sequences in the Hovd Zone (western Mongolia): Implications for the geodynamic evolution of the Altai accretionary wedge system

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Is the Small Size of a Breast Cancer Tumor the Crucial Point for Successful Medical Treatment?

The presented case displays a clinical study of a cancer phenotype with a poor clinical outcome. Prediction of cancer development and effects of treatment at the beginning of the clinical stage is difficult as the knowledge of cancer process and all necessary parameters of the host body are limited. Cancer is mainly studied on the basis of biochemical-genetic processes and their morphological manifestation. However, the malignant process is assumed to be of essential biophysical nature and develops after mitochondrial dysfunction, which is a direct result of oncogene mutation. Cancers based on the normal and the reverse Warburg effect should be distinguished. The cancer tumors with the reverse Warburg effect display aggressiveness associated with a high rate of recurrence and metastatic implantation. Besides the nature of the two basic types of breast cancer tumors the outcome depends not only on their type, size, and site but also on reactions and interaction with the surrounding tissue and the body aptitude for metastatic activity connected with individual blood or lymphatic vessels for metastatic transport. It is necessary to assess all favourable and adverse factors for cancer development. General reliable method of their specification for all cancers is not available. Nevertheless, the main factor seems to be aggressiveness of cancer cells as follows from interpretation. To reveal the aggressive reverse Warburg effect tumors, metabolic biomarkers of the fibroblast stress should be examined

Geochemical and geochronological constraints on distinct Early-Neoproterozoic and Cambrian accretionary events along southern margin of the Baydrag Continent in western Mongolia

International audienc