THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE OF DAIRY COMMITTEE AND FARMERS: CASE STUDY OF THE THAI-DANISH (MITTRAPHAP) DAIRY CO-OPERATIVE LIMITED

This study aims to discover factors, indicators, and framework for the sustainable management of the dairy businesses under the daily co-operative. Purposive sampling technique was operated to select samples from the Thai-Danish (Mittraphap) Dairy Co-operative Limited, Muak Lek district, Saraburi province. Primary data were collected with focus group technique together with the secondary data of the past three year’s meeting minutes. There were 15 people in the focus group which could be divided into two groups: six co-operative commissions  and nine daily farmers. The results revealed four factors of sustainable management of daily businesses. They are (1) the role of co-operative commission, including good governance and teamwork which is the most important factor, (2) the role of the co-operative which includes negotiation power, production factor acquisition, training and development, risk management, and adjustment with the competition, (3) the role of member which includes concise mind and teamwork, (4) the role of government which includes promotion and supporting from the government. There are four successful indicators for daily business management, (1) the growth in operating results which includes the amount of raw milk and the quality of raw milk, (2) the ability to make a profit which includes net profit, return on shareholder ratio, cost of improving the quality of raw milk, and  interest rate, (3) co-operative reputation which is reward received by the co-operative, and (4) the strengthening of members. The factors and indicators were used to create a framework for managing sustainable dairy business

Phase evolution in calcium molybdate nanoparticles as a function of synthesis temperature and its electrochemical effect on energy storage

The design of a suitable electrode is an essential and fundamental research challenge in the field of electrochemical energy storage because the electronic structures and morphologies determine the surface redox reactions. Calcium molybdate (CaMoO4) was synthesized by a combustion route at 300 C and 500 C. We describe new findings on the behaviour of CaMoO4 and evaluate the influence of crystallinity on energy storage performance. A wide range of characterization techniques was used to obtain detailed information about the physical and morphological characteristics of CaMoO4. The characterization results enable the phase evolution as a function of the electrode synthesis temperature to be understood. The crystallinity of the materials was found to increase with increasing temperature but with no second phases observed. Molecular dynamics simulation of electronic structures correlated well with the experimental findings. These results show that to enable faster energy storage and release for a given surface area, amorphous CaMoO4 is required, while larger energy storage can be obtained by using crystalline CaMoO4. CaMoO4 has been evaluated as a cathode material in classical lithium-ion batteries recently. However, determining the surface properties in a sodium-ion system experimentally, combined with computational modelling to understand the results has not been reported. The superior electrochemical properties of crystalline CaMoO4 are attributed to its morphology providing enhanced Na+ ion diffusivity and electron transport. However, the presence of carbon in amorphous CaMoO4 resulted in excellent rate capability, suitable for supercapacitor applications