Fibroepithelial Hyperplasia: A Case Report

Reactive hyperplastic exophytic growth are seen in the oral mucosa due to chronic irritation by plaque, calculus, overhanging margins, trauma and dental appliances. Traumatic fibroma represents a focal benign hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue origin. Here we are reporting a case of traumatic fibroma in relation to upper right posterior teeth on right buccal mucosa in a 34 year old male

Genome-wide Analysis of the Host Intracellular Network that Regulates Survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

SummaryWe performed a genome-wide siRNA screen to identify host factors that regulated pathogen load in human macrophages infected with a virulent strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Iterative rounds of confirmation, followed by validation, identified 275 such molecules that were all found to functionally associate with each other through a dense network of interactions. This network then yielded to a molecular description of the host cell functional modules that were both engaged and perturbed by the pathogen. Importantly, a subscreen against a panel of field isolates revealed that the molecular composition of the host interface varied with both genotype and the phenotypic properties of the pathogen. An analysis of these differences, however, permitted identification of those host factors that were invariantly involved, regardless of the diversification in adaptive mechanisms employed by the pathogen. Interestingly, these factors were found to predominantly function through the regulation of autophagy

TNF-α Differentially Regulates Cell Cycle Genes In Promyelocytic And Granulocytic HL-60/S4 Cells

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a potent cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and immune modulation. Signaling responses that involve TNF-α are context dependent and capable of stimulating pathways promoting both cell death and survival. TNF-α treatment has been investigated as part of a combined therapy for acute myeloid leukemia due to its modifying effects on all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) mediated differentiation into granulocytes. To investigate the interaction between cellular differentiation and TNF-α, we performed RNA-sequencing on two forms of the human HL-60/S4 promyelocytic leukemia cell line treated with TNF-α. The ATRA-differentiated granulocytic form of HL-60/S4 cells had an enhanced transcriptional response to TNF-α treatment compared to the undifferentiated promyelocytes. The observed TNF-α responses included differential expression of cell cycle gene sets, which were generally upregulated in TNF-α treated promyelocytes, and downregulated in TNF-α treated granulocytes. This is consistent with TNF-α induced cell cycle repression in granulocytes and cell cycle progression in promyelocytes. Moreover, we found evidence that TNF-α treatment of granulocytes shifts the transcriptome toward that of a macrophage. We conclude that TNF-α treatment promotes a divergent transcriptional program in promyelocytes and granulocytes. TNF-α promotes cell cycle associated gene expression in promyelocytes. In contrast, TNF-α stimulated granulocytes have reduced cell cycle gene expression, and a macrophage-like transcriptional program

Differential Effects of Hypoxia versus Hyperoxia or Physoxia on Phenotype and Energy Metabolism in Human Chondrocytes from Osteoarthritic Compared to Macroscopically Normal Cartilage

Chondrocyte phenotype and energy metabolism are altered in osteoarthritis (OA). However, most studies characterising the change in human chondrocyte behaviour in OA have been conducted in supraphysiological oxygen concentrations. The purpose of this study was to compare phenotype and energy metabolism in chondrocytes from macroscopically normal (MN) and OA cartilage maintained in 18.9% (standard tissue culture), 6% (equivalent to superficial zone of cartilage in vivo) or 1% oxygen (equivalent to deep zone of cartilage in vivo). MMP13 production was higher in chondrocytes from OA compared to MN cartilage in hyperoxia and physoxia but not hypoxia. Hypoxia promoted SOX9, COL2A1 and ACAN protein expression in chondrocytes from MN but not OA cartilage. OA chondrocytes used higher levels of glycolysis regardless of oxygen availability. These results show that differences in phenotype and energy metabolism between chondrocytes from OA and MN cartilage differ depending on oxygen availability. OA chondrocytes show elevated synthesis of cartilage-catabolising enzymes and chondrocytes from MN cartilage show reduced cartilage anabolism in oxygenated conditions. This is relevant as a recent study has shown that oxygen levels are elevated in OA cartilage in vivo. Our findings may indicate that this elevated cartilage oxygenation may promote cartilage loss in OA

Justice delayed? Internationalized criminal tribunals and peacebuilding in Lebanon, Bosnia and Cambodia

In countries emerging from violent conflict and/or mass atrocity, there is an urgent need to promote stability and often also widespread demand for accountability for abuses which have taken place. Debate has raged among scholars and practitioners about whether justice should be sacrificed or delayed for the sake of peace, or should be promoted even if it is in the short term destabilising. In many countries emerging from conflict processes of accountability, or transitional justice processes, operate almost simultaneously alongside processes of peace-building such as disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration of ex-combatants, reform of the security sector and rule of law promotion, in the immediate aftermath of conflict. These can include domestic processes of truth-telling, prosecution, reparation and amnesty, or internationally promoted processes such as international criminal tribunals. They can also include internationalised criminal tribunals, which have mixed national–international staff. While scholarship has increasingly focused on the engagement between transitional justice and peace-building processes in the relatively near term, far less has examined the role of processes of accountability that follow conflict termination by a significant period of time, justice delayed. Drawing on recent fieldwork, the authors examine three internationalised criminal tribunals developed some 15 years after the termination of conflict in countries that experienced three very different types of conflict, conflict resolution and peace-building or reconstruction in Bosnia, Lebanon and Cambodia. They find that despite claims made by advocates for such institutions, such tribunals may only have limited impact on longer term peace-building and that the effects of flawed peace-building activities affect the operating environment of the tribunals

Abstracts of Scientifica 2022

This book contains the abstracts of the papers presented at Scientifica 2022, Organized by the Sancheti Institute College of Physiotherapy, Pune, Maharashtra, India, held on 12–13 March 2022. This conference helps bring researchers together across the globe on one platform to help benefit the young researchers. There were six invited talks from different fields of Physiotherapy and seven panel discussions including over thirty speakers across the globe which made the conference interesting due to the diversity of topics covered during the conference. Conference Title:  Scientifica 2022Conference Date: 12–13 March 2022Conference Location: Sancheti Institute College of PhysiotherapyConference Organizer: Sancheti Institute College of Physiotherapy, Pune, Maharashtra, Indi