Open and Closed Systems in Data Analysis Entropy.

This dissertation presents an efficient and integrated approach to data analysis. Entropy data analysis is an evolution of reconstructability analysis, which investigates the relationships between parts and wholes. The central theme of the dissertation is the development of a system to condense the information in a data set into a small number of parameters. The new system is called a k-system. k-system analysis goes beyond traditional data analysis in that it has the potentiality for changes to be made to a system; and the impact of these changes can be evaluated. k-system can be useful in designing and evaluating open and closed systems. The behavior of these systems is measured by the k(.) function. The k-system is a closed system. The concept of open comes about when we try to reconstruct the k-system starting with an empty system which contains no information. We add information until we are satisfied that this constructed system adequately reproduces the k-system. The dissertation will identify and isolate the mathematics in the k-system algorithms that determine an open or closed system. It will change the algorithms to offer the option of an open or closed system, and then implement these changes in the k-system algorithms for option of an open or closed system

Measuring the performance of FCM versus PSO for fuzzy clustering problems

Clustering cellular manufacturing plays an important role in many industrial engineering problems. This paper investigates the performance of two methods of heuristic and metaheuristics fuzzy clustering. The proposed method investigates heuristic well-known FCM and particle swarm optimization (PSO) on some well-known benchmarks. We use two criteria of J(P) as well as Xie-Beni to compare the results. Three parameters of PSO method is tuned using design of experiment and then the results of PSO are compared versus FCM method in terms of two mentioned criteria. The proposed models are run for each instance 10 different times and, using ANOVA test, the means of two methods are compared. While the results of ANOVA do not indicate any meaningful difference between PSO and FCM in terms of J(P), we have found some meaningful differences between PSO and FCM in terms of Xie-Beni criterion. In other words, PSO performs better than FCM in terms of Xie-Beni

Detection of Efflux MexAB-associated Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Patients in Torbat Heydarie, Northeast Iran

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the leading causes of hospital acquired infections. Infections with P. aeruginosa are often hard to treat because of existence of different mechanisms of antibiotic resistance changes in permeability of drugs and activity multidrug efflux pumps. The aim of current study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa and existence of efflux pump MexAB genes using PCR technique.Materials and Methods: 506 isolates cultured from different clinical specimens of patients hospitalized at Nohom Dey and Razi hospitals of Torbat Heydarie (northeast Iran) were collected and used in this study. Isolates were identified using conventional bacteriology and their susceptibility to different antibiotics were assessed using agar disk diffusion method. The PCR assay was used to detect efflux pump MexAB genes.Results: From 506 isolates, 50 were identified as P. aeruginosa and these were isolated from isolated from blood, tracheal, burn, and wound. Incidence of P. aeruginosa was greater in males than females, wound infections had the highest number of occurrence and patients between 30-50 years were the most infected age group. In total, 60.86% of strains were multidrug resistant (MDR). The PCR technique revealed that most of the P. aeruginosa isolates and all the MDR strains contained MexA and MexB genes.Conclusions: The emergence of MDR microorganisms poses serious therapeutic problems for patients. Determining bacterial resistance mechanisms is complex. In this way, efflux systems were responsible for antibiotic resistance and played an important role in the MDR phenotype among P. aeruginosa isolates

The Role of Urban Agriculture Approach in Food Supply and Export Ability (Case Study of Neishabour in Iran)

The growth of cities and the increase of urban population in recent years has caused many problems for the health of the environment and citizens. On the other hand, given that urbanism is inevitable, we must think of ways to reduce the pressure on nature by cities and improve economic and social indicators in cities. Urban agriculture will play an effective role in establishing a logical relationship between urban needs and improving the economic situation. In this research, the study of the role of urban agriculture from an economic point of view, especially in the field of food supply and export ability has been emphasized. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on collecting survey data (field). The main research tool is a questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by elites and its reliability was confirmed by completing 30 questionnaires through Cronbach's alpha at a level greater than 0.70. The study population was 264,375 citizens living in Neishabour. The sample size was determined by Cochran's formula equal to 384 people. The results showed that urban agriculture is significant in food supply and export ability at a level of less than 0.05. The city's agriculture can be effective in improving the export of organic products, fruits and vegetables, exports of ornamental and medicinal plants, branding of products, as well as in supplying fresh vegetables, providing healthy food, improving the quality of nutrition and protein. Urban agriculture has a significant level of less than 0.05 in urban development indicators such as improving the urban environment, improving employment, improving citizens' incomes, creating attractive urban spaces, rainwater consumption, etc. From the people's point of view, it is possible to cultivate crops such as peaches, Damask rose, poultry breeding, etc., according to the available spaces. The study of the role of urban agriculture through structural equations shows that the total effect is 0.81 and in total urban agriculture can explain about 56% of the variance of role-playing and two variables of meeting food needs and export ability

Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis due to wheat in a young woman

Food Dependent Exercise-Induced Allergy is a rare condition. However, the occurrence of anaphylaxis is increasing especially in young people. The diagnosis of anaphylaxis is based on clinical criteria and can be supported by laboratory tests such as serum tryptase and positive skin test results for specific IgE to potential triggering allergens. Anaphylaxis prevention needs strict avoidance of confirmed relevant allergen. Food-exercise challenge test may be an acceptable method for diagnosis of Food Dependent Exercise-Induced Allergy and dietary elimination of food is recommended to manage it. In this study, a 32 year-old woman visited the allergy clinic with a history of several episodes of hives since 11 years ago and 3 life-threatening attacks of anaphylaxis during the previous 6 months. The onsets of majority of these attacks were due to physical activity after breakfast. On Blood RAST test, the panel of common food Allergens was used and she had positive test only to wheat flour. On skin prick tests for common food allergens she showed a 6 millimeter wheal with 14 mm flare to Wheat Extract. The rest of allergens were negative. The patient was diagnosed as wheat-dependent exercise-induced, and all foods containing wheat were omitted from her diet. In this report we emphasized on the importance of careful history taking in anaphylaxis diagnosis

Anatomska, kemijska i mehanička svojstva bukova drva degradiranoga gljivama roda Pleurotus

The aim of this study was to determine the destructive capabilities of the two white rot fungi Pleurotus cornucopiae (Pc) and P. eryngii (Pe) compared with the standard fungus Trametes versicolor (Tv) on beech wood samples after 60 days of incubation. Understanding of the white rot decay is important as it is necessary for the development of effective solutions for wood protection. Measurements of mass loss, chemical, mechanical properties and light microscopical investigations were conducted prior to and after incubation. Mass loss of samples was found to be 9-22 % depending on fungi species. Impact bending strength is not as sensitive as presumed in classical literature. Light microscopy analysis revealed that decay patterns were similar for both fungi. Wood cell wall thinning, fungal colonization hyphae were also the same for both fungi. Results indicated considerable wood attack by both Pleurotus species, Pc being more destructive than Pe.Cilj rada bio je utvrditi učinak dviju gljiva bijele truleži – Pleurotus cornucopiae (Pc) i P. eryngii (Pe) – na uzorcima bukova drva nakon 60 dana inkubacije u usporedbi s učinkom standardne gljive Trametes versicolor (Tv). Razumijevanje degradacije drva zbog bijele truleži iznimno je važno za razvoj učinkovitih rješenja zaštite. U pokusu su prije i nakon inkubacije drva provedena mjerenja gubitka mase, kemijskih i mehaničkih svojstava te je obavljeno ispitivanje svjetlosnim mikroskopom. Utvrđeno je da je gubitak mase uzoraka iznosio 9 – 22 %, ovisno o vrsti gljive. Čvrstoća drva na savijanje nije toliko osjetljiva na utjecaj gljiva kao što se navodi u klasičnoj literaturi. Analiza slika dobivenih svjetlosnim mikroskopom pokazala je da su procesi propadanja drva pri zarazi objema gljivama slični. Stanjivanje stijenki drvnih stanica i hife kolonizacije obiju gljiva također su bile jednake. Rezultati su pokazali znatnu degradaciju drva napadnutoga gljivama roda Pleurotus, s tim da je gljiva Pc destruktivnija od gljive Pe

Intrahepatic Artery Pseudoaneurysm as a Delayed Presentation of Blunt Abdominal Trauma

Arterial pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon life-threatening complication in blunt trauma patients. Blunt liver injury may lead to hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm. Radiological intervention is the method of choice in diagnosis and treatment of hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm. However, surgical intervention is advised for unstable patients with large leaking defects. This study reports a case of 53-year-old female who was admitted with vague abdominal pain. She had experienced a blunt abdominal trauma a year ago and had gone under liver packing procedure. The CT-scan results showed hematoma in RUQ region and leaking pseudoaneurysm of right hepatic artery. Hematoma was drained and partial liver resection and hepatic arterioraphy were done through laparotomy

APPLICATION OF FRACTAL MODELING BASED ON REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR DETECTING IRON MINERALIZATION IN DEHSHIR–BAFT FAULT, WEST OF CENTRAL IRAN

Part of Dehshir–Baft Fault is located on the 1:100000 Sarvbala geological sheet west of Yazd Province in Iran on the Urmia–Dokhtar magmatic–mineralization zone. Regions with iron mineralization potential on this sheet were detected by identifying alterations and fault trends by processing ASTER satellite images. Images were processed using the false color composite (FCC), Crosta, LS-Fit, and spectral angle mapper (SAM) methods to identify iron oxide, argillic, ­­­­propylitic, and phyllic alterations. To find out the role of faults and lineaments in mineralization, the general faulting trend on this sheet was extracted by relief shading on the digital elevation model (DEM), and the fault zones were examined through field operations. Regions with high iron potential were identified by integrating the fault layers, alterations, and mineralization-related geological units in ArcGIS. The identified regions were then validated through field operations. The relationship between the distance of iron oxide alterations obtained from the LS-Fit method with the main fault was evaluated by the fractal method. The results showed the location and more significant relationship of iron potential with faults in the south and southwest of Sarvbala sheet than other regions.Parte da falha de Dehshir – Baft está localizada na folha geológica Sarvbala 1: 100.000 a oeste da província de Yazd, no Irã, na zona de mineração magmática Urmia – Dokhtar. A pesquisa conduzida buscou indetificar regiões com potencial de mineração de ferro nesta folha a partir da detecção e identificação de alterações e tendências de falha pelo processamento de imagens de satélite do instrumento ASTER. As imagens foram processadas usando os métodos de composição falsa cor (FCC), Crosta, LS-Fit e mapemaneto de ângulo espectral (SAM) para identificar alterações de óxido de ferro, argílico, propilítico e fílico na área. Para descobrir o papel das falhas e lineamentos na mineração, a tendência geral de falhas nesta folha foram obtidas com a elaboração do sombreamento do relevo no Modelo Digital de Elevação (DEM), e as zonas de falha foram examinadas por meio de verificações de campo. Regiões com alto potencial de ferro foram identificadas através da integração das camadas de falha, alterações e unidades geológicas relacionadas à mineração com o uso do programa ArcGIS. As regiões identificadas foram então validadas in loco. A relação entre a distância das alterações do óxido de ferro obtida pelo método LS-Fit com a falha principal foi avaliada pelo método fractal. Os resultados mostraram a localização e a relação mais significativa do potencial de ferro com as falhas no sul e sudoeste da folha do mapa geológico de Sarvbala do que em outras regiões

Detección de los posibles cuerpos minerales de plomo, zinc y oro mediante la integración de estudios de teledetección, geoquímicos y geofísicos en Dehshir (Irán)

Hoy en día, la gestión de la exploración, el aumento de la productividad y la reducción de los costos de exploración se encuentran entre los temas más importantes en la etapa de exploración detallada de los yacimientos. Un sistema de información geográfica (SIG) es una herramienta eficaz para recopilar, almacenar, analizar, actualizar, generar, integrar y mostrar datos geográficos y referencias territoriales. ArcGIS es uno de los programas informáticos SIG eficientes y potentes con numerosas capacidades, como generar bases de datos, administrar los datos y la información, integrar la información y generar diferentes resultados en forma de varios mapas, gráficos y tablas. En este estudio, se integraron en este software diferentes capas exploratorias con diferentes tipos de información del área del yacimiento de Dehshir para determinar la dispersión del metal e introducir las partes con mayores anomalías para la exploración del subsuelo. Para ello, utilizamos la información de los estudios de teledetección, topografía, geomorfología, geología y geofísica y geoquímica en forma de capas exploratoria