Sob fogo cruzado: o impacto do trabalho policial militar sobre a família do policial

Através de estudo realizado junto a 111 esposas/companheiras de policiais militares da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, procurou-se avaliar o impacto do trabalho policial sobre a família. A partir da definição de duas formas de impacto: direto (relativo à incidência de fatores circunstanciais do trabalho policial sobre a família) e indireto (relativo à forma como se dá a interação do policial com sua família), foram analisadas suas manifestações a partir de dois eixos: o da operacionalidade, relativo à natureza interna ou externa do serviço policial, e o da graduação, relativo à forma como o tempo de serviço influencia na percepção de impacto de suas companheiras. Os resultados indicam que o impacto direto se faz mais marcante que o indireto. A análise por operacionalidade revela que o impacto geral é maior entre as famílias de policiais do serviço externo, e a análise por graduação revela um aumento da incidência de impacto com o passar do tempo de serviço

Adolescência e relações amorosas: um estudo sobre jovens das camadas populares cariocas

On the present study the conceptions and experiences of love relationships, among lower class teenagers from Rio de Janeiro, were investigated. A semi-structured interview was used, including themes such as dating, flirting, and perspectives on future marriage and family formation. First, a review of adolescence as a theoretical construct was realized in the psychoanalytical literature, including its developmental characteristics, and then, love relations were reviewed following its transformation throughout history. The major research findings were and compared to contemporary forms of romantic relationships. Finally, the results of the present study were presented and discussed. Results stressed teenagers desire for long-term relationships, based on mutual affect, specially made possible through the “ficar” relationship, that means flirting, in which partners could increase their mutual knowledge.Keywords: adolescence; lower-class teenagers; love relationships; dating.O presente estudo buscou investigar a adolescência, focalizou as concepções e vivências das relações amorosas de indivíduos, neste período do desenvolvimento, pertencentes às chamadas camadas populares do Rio de Janeiro, o que se deu através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, cujos temas incluíam o envolvimento em namoros, relacionamentos esporádicos como “ficar”, manifestações da sexualidade, perspectivas futuras de casamento e formação de família. Utilizando-se como referencial teórico básico os autores da abordagem psicanalítica, realizou-se, inicialmente, uma revisão sobre o conceito de adolescência e as características desta fase do desenvolvimento. Em seguida, abordou-se o tema das relações amorosas, subdividido em uma revisão sobre sua evolução através dos tempos, seguida de um levantamento de dados encontrados em pesquisas recentes e considerações sobre as novas formas de relacionamentos. Finalmente, foram apresentados e discutidos os resultados da pesquisa de campo realizada, que apontou para o desejo, por parte dos adolescentes entrevistados, de relações duradouras, com envolvimento afetivo, possibilitadas através do “ficar”, que proporciona o maior conhecimento do parceiro desejado.Palavras-chave: adolescência; classes populares; relações amorosas; “ficar”

Internalized prejudice in male homosexuals

Despite the emergence, in the last decades, of a wide range of studies related to homosexuality, little has been produced on the subject of internalized prejudice. Based on an articulation between social psychology and psychoanalytical concepts, as well as existing literature on the subject, this article investigates internalized prejudice, defined as an acceptance by homosexuals of society’s negative attitudes regarding homosexuality. Such an acceptance, results in negative feelings towards oneself – mainly shame and guilt of being gay or of experiencing same-sex desire. We strive to relate internalized prejudice with its major clinical manifestations, as well as some of the defense mechanisms used by male homosexuals (denial, reactive formation, rationalization and passing). We conclude the article by raising some issues concerning the reduction of internalized prejudice. Keywords: internalized prejudice; male homosexuality; clinical manifestations.  Apesar do surgimento, nas últimas décadas, de uma vasta gama de estudos relacionados à homossexualidade, pouco foi produzido sobre o tema do preconceito internalizado. Tendo como base uma articulação entre conceitos oriundos da psicologia social e da psicanálise, procede-se neste trabalho, a partir da literatura existente, a uma investigação sobre o preconceito sexual internalizado, definido como a aceitação pelos indivíduos homossexuais das atitudes negativas veiculadas pela sociedade em relação à homossexualidade. Tal aceitação resulta em sentimentos negativos sobre si mesmo – principalmente culpa e vergonha de ser ou de experienciar desejo homossexual. Busca-se relacionar o preconceito sexual internalizado com suas principais manifestações clínicas, assim como com alguns dos mecanismos de defesa utilizados pelos homossexuais masculinos, a saber: a negação, a formação reativa, a racionalização e o encobrimento. Ao cabo do trabalho, levantam-se algumas questões relacionadas à redução do preconceito internalizado.  Palavras-chave: preconceito internalizado; homossexualidade masculina; manifestações clínicas

Paternidade: considerações sobre a relação pais-filhos após a separação conjugal

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the formation and preservation of the affectionate union between the fathers and their children during a post-divorce or separation period, focusing on fathering and the formation of masculine identity, as well as what we know today about "distant fathering" and its effects on children. The family today is in an unmistakable process of change and all of us are witnesses of a growing interchanging course between the traditional roles of the father and the mother, who are forced to manage their time between working and taking care of their children. Divorce and remarriage thereafter create a complex web of relationships within the family that must be studied, mainly regarding the roles performed by men as divorced fathers and the relationship with their children.O presente trabalho busca investigar a construção e a manutenção do vínculo afetivo entre pai e filhos após a separação focalizando a questão da paternidade e a da própria formação da identidade masculina, além, é claro, do que se sabe hoje acerca da "paternidade à distância" e de seus efeitos sobre os filhos. Com a família contemporânea em franco processo de reformulação, presenciamos um crescente intercâmbio entre as funções materna e paterna, já que nos dias de hoje tanto os homens quanto as mulheres dividem seu tempo entre o trabalho fora de casa e os cuidados destinados aos filhos. Além disso, o divórcio e, posteriormente, o recasamento dos componentes da família criam uma teia complexa de relacionamentos que necessita ser estudada, principalmente no que diz respeito ao papel a ser exercido pelos homens, como pais separados e sua relação para com seus filhos

Imagem do político brasileiro

The study of political stereotypes has been neglectedby social psychologists. The present research tests the hypothesisthat Brazilians have a negative attitude toward politicians.Secondary objectives of this study were: (a) to test the possibilityof utilizing the telephone as a means of data collection inBrazil; (b) to explore the correspondence between the answersgiven by university students and those offered by several strata ofthe general population. 533 Ss of both sexes took part in the study;they were all residents of the state of Rio de Janeiro. 273 of themwere reached by telephone and chosen by a systematic randomsampling procedure; the remaining were university students. Theresults confirmed the existence of a strong negative image of theBrazilian politician. They are perceived as ambitious (for personalpurposes), insincere, oportunistic, ill intentioned, irresponsible, incompetent, etc. None and All were the most frequent responsesto the questions: (a) which politician is closest to your ideal of apolitician? and (b) which politician is further apart from your idealof a politician? The use of telephone interview proved to be adequateand university students and the rest of the population sampledgave similar responses.O estudo de estereótipos em relação aos políticos tem sido negligenciado por parte dos psicólogos sociais. Neste estudo foi testada a hipótese de que prevalece, entre nós brasileiros, uma atitude negativa para com a classe política. Objetivos secundários da pesquisa foram a verificação da possibilidade de utilização do telefone como meio de coleta de dados no Brasil e a correspondência entre respostas de estudantes universitários e as de membros de outros segmentos da população. Tomaram parte no estudo 533 sujeitos de ambos os sexos, residentes no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Destes, 273 foram contactados por telefone, através de escolha aleatória, e os demais eram universitários. Os resultados confirmaram a existência de uma visão fortemente negativa do político brasileiro. Eles são vistos como ambiciosos, insinceros, oportunistas,mal intencionados, irresponsáveis, incompetentes, etc. Nenhum e Todos foram as respostas mais freqüentes para o político que mais se aproxima e o que mais se afasta, respectivamente, do ideal. O uso do telefone mostrou-se adequado e universitários e demais segmentos da população forneceram respostas semelhantes

How Should Staphylococcal Food Poisoning Outbreaks Be Characterized?

Staphylococcal food poisoning is one of the most common food-borne diseases and results from the ingestion of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) preformed in food by enterotoxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus. To date, more than 20 SEs have been described: SEA to SElV. All SEs have superantigenic activity whereas only a few have been proved to be emetic, representing a potential hazard for consumers. Characterization of staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks (SFPOs) has considerably progressed compared to 80 years ago, when staphylococci were simply enumerated and only five enterotoxins were known for qualitative detection. Today, SFPOs can be characterized by a number of approaches, such as the identification of S. aureus biovars, PCR and RT-PCR methods to identify the se genes involved, immunodetection of specific SEs, and absolute quantification by mass spectrometry. An integrated gene-to-protein approach for characterizing staphylococcal food poisoning is advocated

The role of ETG modes in JET-ILW pedestals with varying levels of power and fuelling

We present the results of GENE gyrokinetic calculations based on a series of JET-ITER-like-wall (ILW) type I ELMy H-mode discharges operating with similar experimental inputs but at different levels of power and gas fuelling. We show that turbulence due to electron-temperature-gradient (ETGs) modes produces a significant amount of heat flux in four JET-ILW discharges, and, when combined with neoclassical simulations, is able to reproduce the experimental heat flux for the two low gas pulses. The simulations plausibly reproduce the high-gas heat fluxes as well, although power balance analysis is complicated by short ELM cycles. By independently varying the normalised temperature gradients (omega(T)(e)) and normalised density gradients (omega(ne )) around their experimental values, we demonstrate that it is the ratio of these two quantities eta(e) = omega(Te)/omega(ne) that determines the location of the peak in the ETG growth rate and heat flux spectra. The heat flux increases rapidly as eta(e) increases above the experimental point, suggesting that ETGs limit the temperature gradient in these pulses. When quantities are normalised using the minor radius, only increases in omega(Te) produce appreciable increases in the ETG growth rates, as well as the largest increases in turbulent heat flux which follow scalings similar to that of critical balance theory. However, when the heat flux is normalised to the electron gyro-Bohm heat flux using the temperature gradient scale length L-Te, it follows a linear trend in correspondence with previous work by different authors

Spectroscopic camera analysis of the roles of molecularly assisted reaction chains during detachment in JET L-mode plasmas

The roles of the molecularly assisted ionization (MAI), recombination (MAR) and dissociation (MAD) reaction chains with respect to the purely atomic ionization and recombination processes were studied experimentally during detachment in low-confinement mode (L-mode) plasmas in JET with the help of experimentally inferred divertor plasma and neutral conditions, extracted previously from filtered camera observations of deuterium Balmer emission, and the reaction coefficients provided by the ADAS, AMJUEL and H2VIBR atomic and molecular databases. The direct contribution of MAI and MAR in the outer divertor particle balance was found to be inferior to the electron-atom ionization (EAI) and electron-ion recombination (EIR). Near the outer strike point, a strong atom source due to the D+2-driven MAD was, however, observed to correlate with the onset of detachment at outer strike point temperatures of Te,osp = 0.9-2.0 eV via increased plasma-neutral interactions before the increasing dominance of EIR at Te,osp < 0.9 eV, followed by increasing degree of detachment. The analysis was supported by predictions from EDGE2D-EIRENE simulations which were in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations

Shattered pellet injection experiments at JET in support of the ITER disruption mitigation system design

A series of experiments have been executed at JET to assess the efficacy of the newly installed shattered pellet injection (SPI) system in mitigating the effects of disruptions. Issues, important for the ITER disruption mitigation system, such as thermal load mitigation, avoidance of runaway electron (RE) formation, radiation asymmetries during thermal quench mitigation, electromagnetic load control and RE energy dissipation have been addressed over a large parameter range. The efficiency of the mitigation has been examined for the various SPI injection strategies. The paper summarises the results from these JET SPI experiments and discusses their implications for the ITER disruption mitigation scheme

New H-mode regimes with small ELMs and high thermal confinement in the Joint European Torus

New H-mode regimes with high confinement, low core impurity accumulation, and small edge-localized mode perturbations have been obtained in magnetically confined plasmas at the Joint European Torus tokamak. Such regimes are achieved by means of optimized particle fueling conditions at high input power, current, and magnetic field, which lead to a self-organized state with a strong increase in rotation and ion temperature and a decrease in the edge density. An interplay between core and edge plasma regions leads to reduced turbulence levels and outward impurity convection. These results pave the way to an attractive alternative to the standard plasmas considered for fusion energy generation in a tokamak with a metallic wall environment such as the ones expected in ITER.& nbsp;Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing