Allocating Family Responsibilities for Dependent Older People in Mexico and Peru

This paper applies different analytical frameworks to explore processes of family bargaining about providing care for dependent older people in Mexico and Peru. These frameworks include cultural norms, life course effects and material exchange. The paper is based on 19 in-depth qualitative family case studies, which are linked to a wider set of quantitative survey data. Care arrangements and bargaining processes are revealed to be highly gendered, and largely conform to prevailing cultural norms. Rather than neutral and objective, the self-identified role as main carer is found to be subjective and potentially ambiguous. The few men who self-identify as main carers are more likely to play an indirect, organisational role than engage directly in daily care. As such, bargaining mainly relates to which woman performs the main care role, and large family networks mean that there is usually more than one candidate carer. Bargaining can occur inter-generationally and conjugally, but bargaining between siblings is of particular importance. Bargaining is framed by the uncertain trajectory of older people’s care needs, and arrangements are sometimes reconfigured in response to changing care needs or family circumstances. Taking the narratives at face value, the influence of life course effects on bargaining and care arrangements is more obvious than material exchange. There are, however, indications that economic considerations, particularly inheritance, still play an important behind the scenes role

Open data from the third observing run of LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO

The global network of gravitational-wave observatories now includes five detectors, namely LIGO Hanford, LIGO Livingston, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO 600. These detectors collected data during their third observing run, O3, composed of three phases: O3a starting in 2019 April and lasting six months, O3b starting in 2019 November and lasting five months, and O3GK starting in 2020 April and lasting two weeks. In this paper we describe these data and various other science products that can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at https://gwosc.org. The main data set, consisting of the gravitational-wave strain time series that contains the astrophysical signals, is released together with supporting data useful for their analysis and documentation, tutorials, as well as analysis software packages

Constraints on the cosmic expansion history from GWTC–3

We use 47 gravitational wave sources from the Third LIGO–Virgo–Kamioka Gravitational Wave Detector Gravitational Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC–3) to estimate the Hubble parameter H(z), including its current value, the Hubble constant H0. Each gravitational wave (GW) signal provides the luminosity distance to the source, and we estimate the corresponding redshift using two methods: the redshifted masses and a galaxy catalog. Using the binary black hole (BBH) redshifted masses, we simultaneously infer the source mass distribution and H(z). The source mass distribution displays a peak around 34 M⊙, followed by a drop-off. Assuming this mass scale does not evolve with the redshift results in a H(z) measurement, yielding ${H}_{0}={68}_{-8}^{+12}\,\mathrm{km}\ \,\ {{\rm{s}}}^{-1}\,{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$ (68% credible interval) when combined with the H0 measurement from GW170817 and its electromagnetic counterpart. This represents an improvement of 17% with respect to the H0 estimate from GWTC–1. The second method associates each GW event with its probable host galaxy in the catalog GLADE+, statistically marginalizing over the redshifts of each event's potential hosts. Assuming a fixed BBH population, we estimate a value of ${H}_{0}={68}_{-6}^{+8}\,\mathrm{km}\ \,\ {{\rm{s}}}^{-1}\,{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$ with the galaxy catalog method, an improvement of 42% with respect to our GWTC–1 result and 20% with respect to recent H0 studies using GWTC–2 events. However, we show that this result is strongly impacted by assumptions about the BBH source mass distribution; the only event which is not strongly impacted by such assumptions (and is thus informative about H0) is the well-localized event GW190814

Validation Of The Portuguese Version Of The King's Health Questionnaire For Urinary Incontinent Women [validação Do "king's Health Questionnaire" Para O Português Em Mulheres Com Incontinência Urinária]

Objective. To translate into Portuguese and evaluate the condition-specific quality of life King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) for female urinary incontinence. Methods. Two Brazilian translators, aware of the aim of the project, prepared two versions of the KHQ into Portuguese, which were back-translated into English by two other English translators. The differences were harmonized and pre-tested in a pilot study. The final version of the KHQ and the "Short-Form Health Survey" (SF-36), which has already been translated and validated into Portuguese were simultaneously administered to 156 and 119 women respectively. KHQ's psychometric properties such as reliability (internal consistency and retest) and construct validity were tested. A retest was performed within 2 weeks from the start date. Results. The cultural adjustment process resulted in no changes in the KHQ Portuguese version, although for low schooling patients the questionnaire had to be read by the researcher during face-to-face interview. For all other patients, the KHQ was self-administered. KHQ's standardized Cronbach's alpha was 0.87 and when assessed by domains ranged from 0.49 to 0.92. Reliability measured by intraclass correlation (ICC) was considered moderate to strong for all domains and the severity measure scale ranged from 0.53 to 0.81. Pearson's correlation coefficient be KHQ and SF-36 was considered weak to moderate in the majority of the related domains, ranging from -0.27 to -0.53. Conclusions. The KHQ Portuguese version was translated and adjusted for Brazilian women with urinary incontinence complaints. It represents an important tool for the assessment of incontinent women in clinical trials.372203211Abrams, P., Blaivas, J.G., Stanton, S.L., Andersen, J.T., The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function (1998) Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol., 114 (SUPPL.), pp. 9-14Blaivas, J.G., Appell, R.A., Fantl, J.A., Standards of efficacy for evaluation of treatment outcomes in urinary incontinence: Recommendations of the Urodynamic society (1997) Neurourol. Urodynamics, 16, pp. 145-147Ciconelli, R.M., Ferraz, M.B., Santos, W., Meinão, I., Marina, R.Q., Tradução para a Língua Portuguesa e validação do questionário genérico de avaliação de qualidade de vida SF-36 (Brasil SF-36) (1999) Rev. Bras. Reumatol., 39, pp. 143-150Conover, W.J., Practical nonparametric statistics (1971) Contingency Tables and the Use of Ranks, pp. 140-281. , Conover WJ New York: John Wiley & SonsDiokno, C.A., Brock, B.M., Brown, M.B., Herzog, A.R., Prevalence of urinary incontinence and other urological symptoms in the noninstitutionalized elderly (1986) J. Urol., 136, pp. 1022-1025Donovan, J.L., Symptom and quality of life assessment (2001) Incontinence. Plymouth: Plymbridge Distributors, pp. 267-315. , Abrams P et alFundação IBGE.Indicadores sociais mínimos: Aspectos demográficos - Informações gerais. Disponível em (2002), http://www.ibge.gor.br/home/estatistica/populacao/condicaodevida/ indicadoresminimos/tabela1.shtm, [20/4/]Guarisi, T., Pinto Neto, A.M., Osis, M.J., Pedro, A.O., Paiva, L.H.C., Faúndes, A., Incontinência urinária entre mulheres climatéricas brasileiras: Inquérito domiciliar (2001) Rev Saúde Pública, 35, pp. 428-435Guillemin, F., Bombardier, C., Beaton, D., Cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality of life measures: Literature review and proposed guidelines (1993) J. Clin. Epidemiol., 46, pp. 1417-1432Kelleher, C.J., Quality of life and urinary incontinence (2001) Textbook of Female Urology and Urogynaecology, , Cardozo L, Staskin D. London: Isis Medical MediaKelleher, C.J., Quality of live and urinary incontinence (2000) Baillière's Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol., 14, pp. 363-379Kelleher, C.J., Cardozo, L.D., Khullar, V., Salvatore, S., A new questionnaire to assess the quality of life of urinary incontinent women (1997) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 104, pp. 1374-1379Llach, X.B., Diaz, D.C., Sugrañes, J.C., Validez del cuestionario King's Health para la evaluación de la calidad de vida en pacientes com incontinencia urinaria (2000) Med. Clin. (Barc), 114, pp. 647-652Robinson, D., Katherine, F.P., Preisser, J.S., Dugan, E., Suggs, P.K., Cohen, S.J., Relationship between patient reports of urinary incontinence symptoms and quality of life measures (1998) Obster. Gynecol., 91, pp. 224-228A new view of statistics: Correlation coefficient (2002), http://www.sportsci.org/resource/stats/correl.html, Sportscience Available from [20/3/]Ware, J.E., Sherbourne, C.D., The MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Conceptual framework and item selection (1992) Medical Care, 30, pp. 473-483Weinberger, M., Oddone, E.Z., Sansa, G.P., Sandsman, P.B., Are health-related quality of life measures affected by the mode of administration? (1996) J. Clin. Epidemiol., 49, pp. 135-14

Validation Of The "international Consultation On Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form" (iciq-sf) For Portuguese [validação Para O Português Do "international Consultation On Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form" (iciq-sf)]

Objective. To translate into and validate for Portuguese the "International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form" (ICIQ-SF), a condition-specific quality-of-life questionnaire for patients with urinary incontinence. Methods. Two Brazilians independently translated the original ICIQ-SF into Portuguese. These two translations were harmonized, and then checked by independent back-translation by two native English speakers. The harmonized translation was pre-tested in a pilot study on 20 patients. The final version of the ICIQ-SF in Portuguese was applied to 123 consecutive patients aged 16 or over (29 males and 94 females) with a complaint of urinary incontinence, who had sought the Department of Urogynecology and Uroneurology of the School of Medical Sciences of Unicamp. The Portuguese version of the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) was also applied to the same group. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire, such as reliability and construct validity were assessed. Results. The median age was 53 years (range: 16 to 86). The mean retest interval for the ICIQ-SF was 14.37 days (range: 6 to 41). No changes from the original format of the ICIQ-SF were observed at the end of the process of translation and cultural adaptation. The internal consistency was high (0.88), as measured by the Cronbach alpha coefficient. The test-retest value was considered moderate to strong, as measured by the weighted Kappa index (range: 0.72 to 0.75) and Pearson correlation coefficient (0.89). The correlation between the ICIQ-SF and KHQ was considered to be moderate to good for most items (range: 0.44 to 0.77). The evaluation of the construct and concurrent validity was also satisfactory and statistically significant. Conclusions. The "International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire" (ICIQ-SF) was successfully translated into Portuguese and validated for application to Brazilian female and male patients complaining of urinary incontinence, with satisfactory reliability and construct validity.383438444Abrams, P., Cardozo, L., Fall, M., Griffiths, D., Rosier, P., van Kerrebroeck, P., The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: Report from the standardization sub-committee of the international continence society (2002) Neurourol. Urodynamics, 21, pp. 167-178Agresti, A., Finlay, B., (1986) Statistical Methods for the Social Sciences, , San Francisco: Dellen Publishing CompanyAvery, K., Donovan, J., Abrams, P., Validation of a new questionnaire for incontinence: The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) (2001) Neurourol. Urodynamics, 20, pp. 510-511. , Abstract no 86 of the International Continence Society 31st annual meeting. Seoul, KoreaBlaivas, J.G., Appell, R.A., Fantl, J.A., Standards of efficacy for evaluation of treatment outcomes in urinary incontinence: Recommendations of the Urodynamic society (1997) Neurourol. Urodynamics, 16, pp. 145-147Ciconelli, R.M., Ferraz, M.B., Santos, W., Meinão, I., Quaresma, M.R., Tradução para a língua portuguesa e validaç ão do questionário genérico de avaliação de qualidade de vida SF-36 (Brasil SF-36) (1999) Rev. Bras. Reumatol., 39, pp. 143-150Chiverton, P.A., Wells, T.J., Brink, C.A., Mayer, R., Psychological factors associated with urinary incontinence (1996) Clin. Nurse Specialist, 10, pp. 229-233Donovan, J., Badia, X., Corcos, J., Gotoh, M., Kelleher, C., Naughton, M., Shaw, C., Symptom and quality of life assessment (2002) Proceedings of the Second International Consultation on Incontinence, pp. 267-316. , Cardozo L, Khoury S, Wein A, editors. 2001 Jul 1-3. 2nd ed. Plymouth: Health Publication LtdFleiss, J.L., (1981) Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, , 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons IncGuillemin, F., Bombardier, C., Beaton, D., Cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality of life measures: Literature review and proposed guidelines (1993) J. Clin. Epidemiol., 46, pp. 1417-1432Kelleher, C.J., Cardozo, L.D., Khullar, V., Salvatore, S., A new questionnaire to assess the quality of life of urinary incontinent women (1997) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 104, pp. 1374-1379Pereira, J.C.R., (2001) Análise de Dados Qualitativos: Estratégias Metodológicas Para As Ciências Da Saúde, Humanas E Sociais, , 3a ed. São Paulo: EduspRaz, S., Litlle, N.A., Juma, S., Female urology (1992) Campbell's Urology, pp. 2782-2828. , Walsh PC, Retik AB, Stamey TA, Vaughan Jr ED, editors 6th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders CoSimeonova, Z., Milsom, I., Kullendorff, A.M., Molander, U., Bengtsson, C., The prevalence of urinary incontinence and its influence on the quality of life in women form an urban Swedish population (1999) Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand., 78, pp. 546-551Swithinbank, L.V., Abrams, P., The impact of urinary incontinence on the quality of life of women (1999) World J. Urol., 17, pp. 225-229Tamanini, J.T.N., D'Ancona, C.A.L., Botega, N., Rodrigues Netto, N., Tradução, confiabilidade e validade do "King's Health Questionnaire" Para a língua portuguesa em mulheres com incontinência urinária (2003) Rev. Saúde Pública, 37, pp. 203-21