3,066 research outputs found
La libertad de expresiĂłn segĂșn la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos de Estrasburgo.
Le droit Ă des Ă©lections libres
Résumé du site de l\u27éditeur :
Le droit Ă des Ă©lections libres figure parmi les droits les plus difficiles Ă apprĂ©hender : principe objectif et indispensable de toute sociĂ©tĂ© dĂ©mocratique, il est aussi un droit subjectif et fondamental invocable par tout citoyen. Droit individuel dâune part, il nâa de sens que dans le cadre dâun exercice collectif. Dâautre part, ce mĂȘme droit, associĂ© au droit de vote et au droit dâĂ©ligibilitĂ©, requiert une mise en oeuvre dĂ©mocratique qui mobilise en rĂ©alitĂ© beaucoup dâautres droits et libertĂ©s, que ce soit avant, pendant et aprĂšs lâĂ©lection proprement dite. Câest aussi un des droits les plus valorisĂ© au Conseil de lâEurope en ce quâil par ticipe Ă la promotion de la « dĂ©mocratie vĂ©ritable » qui sert de pilierĂ lâOrganisation aux cĂŽtĂ©s de la prĂ©Ă©minence du droit et du respect des libertĂ©s fondamentales.
Lâouvrage passe au crible les principaux textes et sources du droit du Conseil de lâEurope en la matiĂšre : conventions, rĂ©solutions, recommandations, lignes directrices sans compter lâabondante jurisprudence de la Cour europĂ©enne des droits de lâhomme.
Cet ouvrage sâadresse aux praticiens du droit, aux Ă©tudiants, mais, plus largement, Ă tous ceux qui sâintĂ©ressent au couple Europe et dĂ©mocratie
Characterizing Width Uniformity by Wave Propagation
This work describes a novel image analysis approach to characterize the
uniformity of objects in agglomerates by using the propagation of normal
wavefronts. The problem of width uniformity is discussed and its importance for
the characterization of composite structures normally found in physics and
biology highlighted. The methodology involves identifying each cluster (i.e.
connected component) of interest, which can correspond to objects or voids, and
estimating the respective medial axes by using a recently proposed wavefront
propagation approach, which is briefly reviewed. The distance values along such
axes are identified and their mean and standard deviation values obtained. As
illustrated with respect to synthetic and real objects (in vitro cultures of
neuronal cells), the combined use of these two features provide a powerful
description of the uniformity of the separation between the objects, presenting
potential for several applications in material sciences and biology.Comment: 14 pages, 23 figures, 1 table, 1 referenc
Evaluation of high-concentrate diets that vary in physically effective neutral detergent fibre for finishing lambs
The objective of this research was to evaluate lamb diets with a high proportion of concentrate and various levels of physically effective neutral detergent fibre (NDF) using tropical ingredients. Four diets were formulated: D1 with 16.5% physically effective NDF (peNDF), D2 with 21.4% peNDF, D3 with 23.3% peNDF, and D4 with 24.6% peNDF. Twenty male Santa InĂȘs lambs at four months old with an average liveweight (LW) of 18.6 ± 3.4 kg were fed for 49 days. There were no differences (P >0.05) among the diets in dry matter (DM) intake. Crude protein (CP) intake, relative to either LW or metabolic live weight (LW0.75) or LW, was greater (P â€0.05) for D2 and D3 than for D1 or D4. Lower (P â€0.05) NDF intake, relative to LW0.75 or LW, was lower for D1 than for the other diets. Selection indexes (SIs) were similar (P >0.05) among diets. Animals that consumed D1 had less (P â€0.05) rumination time per bolus. Meaningful variations were not observed in performance and efficiency of finishing lambs that were related to differences in peNDF among the diets. Santa InĂȘs lambs were able to adapt to diets with low levels of peNDF by increasing rumination time as a consequence of increased fibre consumption and greater particle size selection
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Damage and protection cost curves for coastal floods within the 600 largest European cities
The economic assessment of the impacts of storm surges and sea-level rise in coastal cities requires high-level information on the damage and protection costs associated with varying flood heights. We provide a systematically and consistently calculated dataset of macroscale damage and protection cost curves for the 600 largest European coastal cities opening the perspective for a wide range of applications. Offering the first comprehensive dataset to include the costs of dike protection, we provide the underpinning information to run comparative assessments of costs and benefits of coastal adaptation. Aggregate cost curves for coastal flooding at the city-level are commonly regarded as by-products of impact assessments and are generally not published as a standalone dataset. Hence, our work also aims at initiating a more critical discussion on the availability and derivation of cost curves
Phase Diversity For Speckle Reduction
B-mode ultrasound images are characterised by speckle artefact, which results from interference effects between returning echoes, and may make the interpretation of images difficult. Consequently, many methods have been developed to reduce this problematic feature. One widely used method, popular in both medical and non-destructive-testing applications, is a 1D method known as Split Spectrum Processing (SSP), or also as Frequency Diversity. Alhough this method was designed for speckle reduction applications, the final image experiences a resultant loss of resolution, impinging a trade-off between speckle reduction and resolution loss. In order to overcome this problem, we have developed a new method that is an extension of SSP to 2D data using directive filters, called Split Phase Processing (SPP). Instead of using ID narrow band-pass filters as in the SSP method, we use 2D directive filters to split the RF ultrasound image in a set of wide band images with different phases. The use of such filters substantially avoids the resolution loss usually associated with SSP for speckle reduction, because they effectively have the same bandwidth as the original image. It is concluded that the Split Phase Processing, as introduced here, provides a significant improvement over the conventional Split Spectrum Processing.5035414422Burckhardt, C.B., Speckle in ultrasound b-mode scans (1978) IEEE Trans. Sonics and Ultrasonics, 25 (1), pp. 1-6. , JanuaryChen, Y., Yin, R., Hynn, P., Broschat, S., Aggressive region growing for speckle reduction in ultrasound images (2003) Pattern Recognition Letters, 24 (4-5), pp. 677-691. , FebruaryGehlbach, S.M., (1983) Pulse Reflection Imaging and Acoustic Speckle, , Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford UniversityHealey, A.J., Leeman, S., Ferrari, L.A., Removing the ambiguity from single image speckle reduction techniques (1996) Acoustical Imaging, 22, pp. 145-150Li, P.C., Odonnell, M., Evaluational spatial compounding (1994) Ultrasonic Imaging, 16 (3), pp. 176-189Shankar, P.M., Newhouse, V.L., Speckle reduction with improved resolution in ultrasound images (1985) IEEE Trans. Sonics and Ultrasonics, 32 (4), pp. 537-543. , Jul
Medical ontology for treatment of clinical data from children and youth
The use of information technologies in the field of biomedical data management has grown considerably and is today one of the main fields of use of these technologies. There are several advantages arising either to an individualâs health or to public health, particularly because access to clinical data become available anywhere access via the Internet or individual health card. This card will contain personal data accessible from a terminal card reader, identical to the citizen card. This work focuses on the development of an ontology of universal data structure so that the information is accessible and organized in the same way, regardless of the system that use them. In this context there is the need to incorporate security mechanisms, the respect of ethical principles underlying the management and maintenance of clinical data, ensuring maximum confidentiality.
To develop the proposed ontology, for the treatment of clinical data of children and youth is used as reference bulletin health in Portugal. Using this structure, it follows the clear and unambiguous identification of the fields required for registration of clinical information, standardized in a relational model. To ensure the confidentiality of data, identification of the individual is only the number of national health system and are not recorded on the card personal data such as name, address or contact forms
As comunidades da aliança Genistion micranto-anglicae no sudoeste da PenĂnsula IbĂ©rica e noroeste de Marrocos, significado biogeogrĂĄfico
Population exposure to particulate-matter and related mortality due to the Portuguese wildfires in October 2017 driven by storm Ophelia
In October 2017, hundreds of wildfires ravaged the forests of the north and centre of Portugal. The fires were fanned by strong winds as tropical storm Ophelia swept the Iberian coast, dragging up smoke (together with Saharan dust from north-western Africa) into higher western European latitudes. Here we analyse the long-range transport of particulate matter (PM10) and study associations between PM10 and short-term mortality in the Portuguese population exposed to PM10 due to the October 2017 wildfires, the worst fire sequence in the country over the last decades. We analysed space- and ground-level observations to track the smoke plume and dust trajectory over Portugal and Europe, and to access PM10 concentrations during the wildfires. The effects of PM10 on mortality were evaluated using satellite data for exposure and Poisson regression models. The smoke plume covered most western European countries (including Spain, France, Belgium and the Netherlands), and reached the United Kingdom, where the population was exposed in average to an additional PM10 level of 11.7 ”g/m3 during seven smoky days (three with dust) in relation to the reference days (days without smoke or dust), revealing the impact of the wildfires on distant populations. In Portugal, the population was exposed in average to additional PM10 levels that varied from 16.2 to 120.6 ”g/m3 in smoky days with dust and from 6.1 to 20.9 ”g/m3 in dust-free smoky days. Results suggest that PM10 had a significant effect on the same day natural and cardiorespiratory mortalities during the month of October 2017. For every additional 10 ”g/m3 of PM10, there was a 0.89% (95% confidence interval, CI, 0-1.77%) increase in the number of natural deaths and a 2.34% (95% CI, 0.99-3.66%) increase in the number of cardiorespiratory-related deaths. With rising temperatures and a higher frequency of storms due to climate change, PM from Iberian wildfires together with NW African dust will tend to be more often transported into Northern European countries, which may carry health threats to areas far from the ignition sites.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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