An experimental and analogue study of iron release from red sandstones

The Jurassic Entrada sandstone at Salt Wash Graben, Utah, USA, a red sandstone contains significant rock bleaching. The cause of the bleaching has been thought to be associated with the modern day CO2-rich fluids in the area which present on the surface by utalising the local fractures, some of which are filled with calcite and iron rich minerals (e.g. Jarosite). An experimental study was conducted to determine the cause of the bleaching. CO2 was found not to cause sandstone bleaching. However, the CO2 was found to mobilize significant amounts of iron from the fracture minerals suggesting that this is a possible source of the iron in the modern pore fluids

Efeitos dos excessos de alumínio, cloro e manganês em dois cultivares de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)

Two soybean cultivars, Santa Rosa and FV-1, were grown in nutrient solution in the presence of high concentrations of Al (24 ppm), CI (1750 ppm) and Mn (25 ppm). Observations, measurements and chemical analyses allowed for the following conclusions to be drawn: (1) symptoms of toxicity are in agreement with those described in the literatura; (2) the detrimental effect obeyed the decreasing order - Mn Al CI; (3) dry matter production by the variety UFV - 1 was relatively more affected by the treatments; (4) leaf analyses do not provide a reliable indication of the sensitivity of the two varieties to the high levels of the three elements in the substrate; (5) Ca/Al ratio in the roots keeps a good relationship with the relative tolerance of the two cultivas to excess Al in the medium.Dois cultivares de soja, Santa Rosa e UFV-1, foram cultivados em solução nutritiva na presença de excesso de alumínio, cloro e manganês. Além de provocar o aparecimento de sintomas foliares (cloro e manganês) ou radiculares (alumínio), os elementos em excesso causaram diminuições no crescimento e impediram a produção de vagens. A análise mineral das folhas mostrou a influência dos tratamentos na composição do tecido

The retrospective analysis of Antarctic tracking data project

The Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data (RAATD) is a Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research project led jointly by the Expert Groups on Birds and Marine Mammals and Antarctic Biodiversity Informatics, and endorsed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. RAATD consolidated tracking data for multiple species of Antarctic meso- and top-predators to identify Areas of Ecological Significance. These datasets and accompanying syntheses provide a greater understanding of fundamental ecosystem processes in the Southern Ocean, support modelling of predator distributions under future climate scenarios and create inputs that can be incorporated into decision making processes by management authorities. In this data paper, we present the compiled tracking data from research groups that have worked in the Antarctic since the 1990s. The data are publicly available through biodiversity.aq and the Ocean Biogeographic Information System. The archive includes tracking data from over 70 contributors across 12 national Antarctic programs, and includes data from 17 predator species, 4060 individual animals, and over 2.9 million observed locations

The retrospective analysis of Antarctic tracking data project

The Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data (RAATD) is a Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research project led jointly by the Expert Groups on Birds and Marine Mammals and Antarctic Biodiversity Informatics, and endorsed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. RAATD consolidated tracking data for multiple species of Antarctic meso- and top-predators to identify Areas of Ecological Significance. These datasets and accompanying syntheses provide a greater understanding of fundamental ecosystem processes in the Southern Ocean, support modelling of predator distributions under future climate scenarios and create inputs that can be incorporated into decision making processes by management authorities. In this data paper, we present the compiled tracking data from research groups that have worked in the Antarctic since the 1990s. The data are publicly available through biodiversity.aq and the Ocean Biogeographic Information System. The archive includes tracking data from over 70 contributors across 12 national Antarctic programs, and includes data from 17 predator species, 4060 individual animals, and over 2.9 million observed locations.Supplementary Figure S1: Filtered location data (black) and tag deployment locations (red) for each species. Maps are Lambert Azimuthal projections extending from 90° S to 20° S.Supplementary Table S1: Names and coordinates of the major study sites in the Southern Ocean and on the Antarctic Continent where tracking devices were deployed on the selected species (indicated by their 4-letter codes in the last column).Online Table 1: Description of fields (column names) in the metadata and data files.Supranational committees and organisations including the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research Life Science Group and BirdLife International. National institutions and foundations, including but not limited to Argentina (Dirección Nacional del Antártico), Australia (Australian Antarctic program; Australian Research Council; Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation Inc., IMOS is a national collaborative research infrastructure, supported by the Australian Government and operated by a consortium of institutions as an unincorporated joint venture, with the University of Tasmania as Lead Agent), Belgium (Belgian Science Policy Office, EU Lifewatch ERIC), Brazil (Brazilian Antarctic Programme; Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq/MCTI) and CAPES), France (Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; the French Foundation for Research on Biodiversity (FRB; www.fondationbiodiversite.fr) in the context of the CESAB project “RAATD”; Fondation Total; Institut Paul-Emile Victor; Programme Zone Atelier de Recherches sur l’Environnement Antarctique et Subantarctique; Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises), Germany (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg - Institute for Advanced Study), Italy (Italian National Antarctic Research Program; Ministry for Education University and Research), Japan (Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition; JSPS Kakenhi grant), Monaco (Fondation Prince Albert II de Monaco), New Zealand (Ministry for Primary Industries - BRAG; Pew Charitable Trusts), Norway (Norwegian Antarctic Research Expeditions; Norwegian Research Council), Portugal (Foundation for Science and Technology), South Africa (Department of Environmental Affairs; National Research Foundation; South African National Antarctic Programme), UK (Darwin Plus; Ecosystems Programme at the British Antarctic Survey; Natural Environment Research Council; WWF), and USA (U.S. AMLR Program of NOAA Fisheries; US Office of Polar Programs).http://www.nature.com/sdataam2021Mammal Research Institut

The Weyburn project : summary report for Task 3.1 : experimental geochemical studies of CO2-porewater-rock interaction

This report describes work undertaken at the British Geological Survey (BGS) that forms part of the international Weyburn Monitoring and Storage Project. This project aims to monitor and predict the behaviour of injected CO2 into the Midale reservoir at the Weyburn oil field in southern Saskatchewan, Canada, using methods that include time-lapse geophysics, modelling its subsurface distribution and migration, and simulating likely chemical interactions with the host rock. This report is a summary of Task 3.1 within the European part of the overall Weyburn project. It aims to provide a brief description of fluid chemical and mineralogical changes occurring in a series of experiments that have been conducted within the Hydrothermal Laboratory of the British Geological Survey. These experiments were undertaken to identify the geochemical changes that would result from the injection of CO2 into the Midale Formations. The experiments utilised samples of actual Midale rocks recovered from boreholes within the Weyburn field, synthetic formation water based upon measured well fluid compositions, and either CO2 or N2 as a pressurising medium. The experiments summarised in this report used actual samples of Midale core material and synthetic porewaters based upon actual measured well fluid compositions. The pressures and temperatures used within the experiments were representative of in-situ conditions (60°C, 150 bar [15 MPa]) and those anticipated near to injection wells (60°C, 250 bar [25 MPa]). As such, the study aims to replicate processes occurring in the deep subsurface at Weyburn as closely as possible, including those conditions that will exist even after oil production and CO2 injection have ceased. Upon reaction with CO2, some dissolution of calcite within the Midale Marly material was identified, though it was relatively minor. By and large, the samples remained relatively unchanged, and significant disruption of the host formation appears not to take place. The Midale Evaporite showed slightly more reaction with CO2 compared to the Midale Marly, though it was still relatively minor. Some dissolution of dolomite and anhydrite was identified, together with minor aluminosilicate mineral dissolution. There was also a small amount of gypsum precipitation. Significant dissolution of the caprock formation appears not to take place. The Midale Vuggy material showed the greatest potential for reaction with CO2. Dissolution was mainly of calcite and anhydrite, but there was also a little aluminosilicate mineral dissolution. Precipitation of gypsum was widespread, with crystals at least 2.5 mm long being observed. Samples of borehole cement underwent carbonation of their outer portions upon exposure to CO2, and this was associated with an apparent reduction in porosity. The monoliths remained intact and appear to have maintained much of their original strength