Traitement statistique de donnees palynologiques de l'Holocene du lac Tanma (Senegal)

Le traitement statistique de données pa l ynologiques de 1 ' Ho l ocene du Lac Tanma situé a u Sénégal, a u Nord de Dakar , a u moyen de 1' analyse canonique permet de préciser le schéma clima tique ex posé antérieuremcnt . Il est notamment mis en évidence une pulsation positive de la pluviosi té ca . 6000 BP .El procesamiento de datos palinológicos del Ho l oceno de l l ago Tanma situado al norte de Dakar en Senegal por medio de un anál i s i s canónico ha permitido precisar la in terpretación climá tica anteriormente propuesta , y parti cularmente , poner de manifiesto una pulsación positi va de la l l uvia c a . 6000 BP

Végétations du quartenaire récent de Provence : histoire d'une biodiversité climatique et d'une homogénéisation anthropique.

Etude de l'histoire de la végétation au cours des siècles en Provence pour poser la question : doit-on aboutir à un conservatisme étroit ou aider au développement humain et social en entretenant un changement équilibré de notre biosystème

Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Regulates the Retrotranslocation of Trypanosoma Cruzi Calreticulin to the Cytosol

For most secretory pathway proteins, crossing the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane is an irreversible process. However, in some cases this flow can be reversed. For instance, misfolded proteins retained in the ER are retrotranslocated to the cytosol to be degraded by the proteasome. This mechanism, known as ER associated degradation (ERAD), is exploited by several bacterial toxins to gain access to the cytosol. Interestingly, some ER resident proteins can also be detected in the cytosol or nucleus, calreticulin (CRT) being the most studied. Here we show that in Trypanosoma cruzi a minor fraction of CRT localized to the cytosol. ER calcium depletion, but not increasing cytosolic calcium, triggered the retrotranslocation of CRT in a relatively short period of time. Cytosolic CRT was subsequently degraded by the proteasome. Interestingly, the single disulfide bridge of CRT is reduced when the protein is located in the cytosol. The effect exerted by ER calcium was strictly dependent on the C-terminal domain (CRT-C), since a CRT lacking it was totally retained in the ER, whereas the localization of an unrelated protein fused to CRT-C mirrored that of endogenous CRT. This finding expands the regulatory mechanisms of protein sorting and may represent a new crossroad between diverse physiological processes

Epidemiologic investigation of immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy among abattoir workers exposed to porcine brain

Background In October 2007, a cluster of patients experiencing a novel polyradiculoneuropathy was identified at a pork abattoir (Plant A). Patients worked in the primary carcass processing area (warm room); the majority processed severed heads (head-table). An investigation was initiated to determine risk factors for illness. Methods and Results Symptoms of the reported patients were unlike previously described occupational associated illnesses. A case-control study was conducted at Plant A. A case was defined as evidence of symptoms of peripheral neuropathy and compatible electrodiagnostic testing in a pork abattoir worker. Two control groups were used - randomly selected non-ill warm-room workers (n = 49), and all non-ill head-table workers (n = 56). Consenting cases and controls were interviewed and blood and throat swabs were collected. The 26 largest U.S. pork abattoirs were surveyed to identify additional cases. Fifteen cases were identified at Plant A; illness onsets occurred during May 2004–November 2007. Median age was 32 years (range, 21–55 years). Cases were more likely than warm-room controls to have ever worked at the head-table (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 6.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6–26.7), removed brains or removed muscle from the backs of heads (AOR, 10.3; 95% CI, 1.5–68.5), and worked within 0–10 feet of the brain removal operation (AOR, 9.9; 95% CI, 1.2–80.0). Associations remained when comparing head-table cases and head-table controls. Workers removed brains by using compressed air that liquefied brain and generated aerosolized droplets, exposing themselves and nearby workers. Eight additional cases were identified in the only two other abattoirs using this technique. The three abattoirs that used this technique have stopped brain removal, and no new cases have been reported after 24 months of follow up. Cases compared to controls had higher median interferon-gamma (IFNγ) levels (21.7 pg/ml; vs 14.8 pg/ml, P<0.001). Discussion This novel polyradiculoneuropathy was associated with removing porcine brains with compressed air. An autoimmune mechanism is supported by higher levels of IFNγ in cases than in controls consistent with other immune mediated illnesses occurring in association with neural tissue exposure. Abattoirs should not use compressed air to remove brains and should avoid procedures that aerosolize CNS tissue. This outbreak highlights the potential for respiratory or mucosal exposure to cause an immune-mediated illness in an occupational setting

Epidemiologic investigation of immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy among abattoir workers exposed to porcine brain

Background In October 2007, a cluster of patients experiencing a novel polyradiculoneuropathy was identified at a pork abattoir (Plant A). Patients worked in the primary carcass processing area (warm room); the majority processed severed heads (head-table). An investigation was initiated to determine risk factors for illness. Methods and Results Symptoms of the reported patients were unlike previously described occupational associated illnesses. A case-control study was conducted at Plant A. A case was defined as evidence of symptoms of peripheral neuropathy and compatible electrodiagnostic testing in a pork abattoir worker. Two control groups were used - randomly selected non-ill warm-room workers (n = 49), and all non-ill head-table workers (n = 56). Consenting cases and controls were interviewed and blood and throat swabs were collected. The 26 largest U.S. pork abattoirs were surveyed to identify additional cases. Fifteen cases were identified at Plant A; illness onsets occurred during May 2004–November 2007. Median age was 32 years (range, 21–55 years). Cases were more likely than warm-room controls to have ever worked at the head-table (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 6.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6–26.7), removed brains or removed muscle from the backs of heads (AOR, 10.3; 95% CI, 1.5–68.5), and worked within 0–10 feet of the brain removal operation (AOR, 9.9; 95% CI, 1.2–80.0). Associations remained when comparing head-table cases and head-table controls. Workers removed brains by using compressed air that liquefied brain and generated aerosolized droplets, exposing themselves and nearby workers. Eight additional cases were identified in the only two other abattoirs using this technique. The three abattoirs that used this technique have stopped brain removal, and no new cases have been reported after 24 months of follow up. Cases compared to controls had higher median interferon-gamma (IFNγ) levels (21.7 pg/ml; vs 14.8 pg/ml, P<0.001). Discussion This novel polyradiculoneuropathy was associated with removing porcine brains with compressed air. An autoimmune mechanism is supported by higher levels of IFNγ in cases than in controls consistent with other immune mediated illnesses occurring in association with neural tissue exposure. Abattoirs should not use compressed air to remove brains and should avoid procedures that aerosolize CNS tissue. This outbreak highlights the potential for respiratory or mucosal exposure to cause an immune-mediated illness in an occupational setting

La végétation de la Provence occidentale de 2000 ans BP au Médieval: un essai de reconstitution

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Une séquence régressive dans le delta du Sénégal aux environs de 5000 ans BP

International audienceDans la cuvette du N'Diael, qui jouxte le delta du Sénégal près de Ross Bethio, un niveau de tourbe épais d'environ 100 cm a été découvert à 110 cm (ING) de profondeur et échantillonné à l'aide de deux sondages. L'âge de cette tourbe , obtenu sur plusieurs échantillons par 14C conventionnel, se place vers 6600-6400 ans BP. L'étude palynologique détaillée indique que ce niveau résulte d'une accumulation de matière organique dans un environnement de type mangrove où des palynomorphes d'origine marine sont présents. Les niveaux limoneux et sableux qui fossilisent la tourbe révèlent par le cortège des minéraux argileux une mise en place d'un matériel détritique provenant de l'érosion de la couverture ferrallitique environnante. Le spectre palynologique de ce matériel détritique est caractérisé par parla prédominance des graminées (Poaceae) et l'absence de palynomorphes marins. La datation par 14CAMS, obtenue sur du matériel palynologique extrait des limons surmontant de quelques centimètres le niveau tourbeux, indique un âge de 5060 +- 110 ans BP. L'ensemble de ces données permet de conclure à :- la présence d'un milieu margino-littoral à50km de la côte actuelle, sur le Lampsar, l'un des défluents du fleuve Sénégal, aux environs de 6200-6400 ans BP ;- une disparition de la mangrove et l'installation d'une sédimentation continentale dans un contexte de savane herbacée vers 5000 ans dans le N'Diael.

Le quaternaire de la côte asturienne (Espagne)

International audienc

\u3ci\u3eSalmonella enterica\u3c/i\u3e Serotype Enteritidis: Increasing Incidence of Domestically Acquired Infections

Background. Salmonella enterica causes an estimated 1 million cases of domestically acquired foodborne illness in humans annually in the United States; Enteritidis (SE) is the most common serotype. Public health authorities, regulatory agencies, food producers, and food processors need accurate information about rates and changes in SE infection to implement and evaluate evidence-based control policies and practices. Methods. We analyzed the incidence of human SE infection during 1996–2009 in the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), an active, population-based surveillance system for laboratory-confirmed infections. We compared FoodNet incidence with passively collected data from complementary surveillance systems and with rates of SE isolation from processed chickens and egg products; shell eggs are not routinely tested. We also compared molecular subtyping patterns of SE isolated from humans and chickens. Results. Since the period 1996–1999, the incidence of human SE infection in FoodNet has increased by 44%. This change is mirrored in passive national surveillance data. The greatest relative increases were in young children, older adults, and FoodNet sites in the southern United States. The proportion of patients with SE infection who reported recent international travel has decreased in recent years, whereas the proportion of chickens from which SE was isolated has increased. Similar molecular subtypes of SE are commonly isolated from humans and chickens. Conclusions. Most SE infections in the United States are acquired from domestic sources, and the problem is growing. Chicken and eggs are likely major sources of SE. Continued close attention to surveillance data is needed to monitor the impact of recent regulatory control measures