188 research outputs found
An Unusual Case of Locally Advanced Glycogen-Rich Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Breast
Glycogen-rich clear cell (GRCC) is a rare subtype of breast carcinoma characterized by carcinoma cells containing an optically clear cytoplasm and intracytoplasmic glycogen. We present the case of a 55-year-old woman with a palpable mass in the right breast and clinical signs of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). The diagnosis of GRCC carcinoma was based on certain histopathological characteristics of the tumor and immunohistochemical analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first case of GRCC LABC with intratumoral calcifications. There is no evidence of recurrence or metastatic disease after 14 months’ follow-up
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Monitoring dynamics of human adenovirus disassembly induced by mechanical fatigue
The standard pathway for virus infection of eukaryotic cells requires disassembly of the viral shell to
facilitate release of the viral genome into the host cell. Here we use mechanical fatigue, well below rupture
strength, to induce stepwise disruption of individual human adenovirus particles under physiological
conditions, and simultaneously monitor disassembly in real time. Our data show the sequence of
dismantling events in individual mature (infectious) and immature (noninfectious) virions, starting with
consecutive release of vertex structures followed by capsid cracking and core exposure. Further, our
experiments demonstrate that vertex resilience depends inextricably on maturation, and establish the
relevance of penton vacancies as seeding loci for virus shell disruption. The mechanical fatigue disruption
route recapitulates the adenovirus disassembly pathway in vivo, as well as the stability differences between
mature and immature virionsWe acknowledge funding by grants from the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain,
PIB2010US-00233, FIS2011-29493, Consolider CSD2010-00024 and CAM project and the
Comunidad de Madrid No. S2009/MAT-1467 to P. J. P.; BFU2010-16382/BMC to C.S.M.;
and FIS2011-16090-E to C.S.M. and P.J.P. S.J.F acknowledges funding from the National
Institutes of Health, USA (GM037705 and AI1058172). A.J.P.-B. holds a Juan de la Cierva
postdoctoral contract from the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain; A.O.-E. and
R.M.-C. are recipients of predoctoral fellowships from the Ministry of Education and the
Instituto de Salud Carlos III of Spain, respectivel
Structure and uncoating of immature adenovirus
Maturation via proteolytical processing is a common trait in the viral world, and is
often accompanied by large conformational changes and rearrangements in the capsid.
The adenovirus protease has been shown to play a dual role in the viral infectious
cycle: (a) in maturation, as viral assembly starts with precursors to several of the
structural proteins, but ends with proteolytically processed versions in the mature
virion; and (b) in entry, because protease-impaired viruses have difficulties in
endosome escape and uncoating. Indeed, viruses that have not undergone proteolytical
processing are not infectious. We present the 3D structure of immature adenovirus
particles, as represented by the thermosensitive mutant Ad2 ts1 grown under nonpermissive
conditions, and compare it with the mature capsid. Our 3DEM maps at
subnanometer resolution indicate that adenovirus maturation does not involve large
scale conformational changes in the capsid. Difference maps reveal the location of
unprocessed peptides pIIIa and pVI and help to define their role in capsid assembly
and maturation. An intriguing difference appears in the core, indicating a more
compact organization and increased stability of the immature cores. We have further
investigated these properties by in vitro disassembly assays. Fluorescence and
electron microscopy experiments reveal differences in the stability and uncoating of
immature viruses, both at the capsid and core levels, as well as disassembly
intermediates not previously imaged.This work was supported by grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain (BFU2007-60228 to C.S.M. and BIO2007-67150-C03-03 to R.M.), the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CCG08-CSIC/SAL-3442 to C.S.M.) and the National Institutes of Health (5R01CA111569 to D.T.C., R0141599 to W.F.M. and GM037705 to S.J.F.). R.M.-C. is a recipient of a PFIS fellowship from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III of Spain. A.J.P.-B. holds a CSIC JAE-Doc postdoctoral position, partially funded by the European Social FundPeer reviewe
XTEND: Extending the depth of field in cryo soft X-ray tomography
We have developed a new data collection method and processing framework in full field cryo soft X-ray tomography to computationally extend the depth of field (DOF) of a Fresnel zone plate lens. Structural features of 3D-reconstructed eukaryotic cells that are affected by DOF artifacts in standard reconstruction are now recovered. This approach, based on focal series projections, is easily applicable with closed expressions to select specific data acquisition parameters.This work was partially supported by MINECO grants BFU2014-54181 to JLC and AIC-A-2011-0638, BIO2013-44647-R and BIO2016-76400-R to JMC, Madrid. Regional government grants S2013/MIT-2850 to JLC and S2010/BMD-2305 to JMC, National Science Foundation grant DMS-1114901 to GTH, the European Union through BioStruct-X Project 283570 and Horizon 2020 through grant iNEXT (INFRAIA-1-2014-2015, Proposal: 653706).S
Simultaneous and optical follow-up GRB observations by BOOTES
Since 1998 BOOTES has provided follow-up observations for more than 70 GRBs; the most important results obtained so far are the detection of an OT in the GRB 000313 error box and the non-detection of optical emission simultaneous to the high-energy emission for several GRBs (both long/soft and short/hard events)
BOOTES-IR: Near IR follow-up GRB observations by a robotic system
“BOOTES-IR” is the extension of the BOOTES experiment, which
operates in Southern Spain since 1998, to the near IR (NIR). The goal is to follow up the early stage of the gamma ray burst (GRB) afterglow emission in the NIR, alike BOOTES does already at optical wavelengths. The scientific case that drives the BOOTES-IR performance is the study of GRBs with the support of spacecraft like INTEGRAL, SWIFT and GLAST. Given that the afterglow emission in both, the NIR and the optical, in the instances immediately following a GRB, is extremely bright (reached V = 8.9 in one case), it should be possible to detect this prompt emission at NIR wavelengths too. The combined observations by BOOTES-IR and
BOOTES-1 and BOOTES-2 will allow for real time identification of trustworthy candidates to have a high redshift (z > 5). It is expected that, few minutes after
a GRB, the IR magnitudes be H ∼ 7–10, hence very high quality spectra can be obtained for objects as far as z = 10 by larger instruments
Updating the National Baseline of Non-Indigenous Species in Spanish Marine Waters
The introduction of new non-indigenous species (NIS) in Spanish marine waters is addressed under Descriptor 2 of the European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive. National baseline inventories of NIS have been compiled and updated for the three subregions (Western Mediterranean Sea, WMED; Bay of Biscay–Iberian Coast, ABI; Macaronesia, AMA) with data from 1800 to 2021. An overall of 574 species were identified with an alien, cryptogenic, crypto-expanding, or debatable status, mostly invertebrates (~65%) and primary producers (~22%). Of 412 alien species, 80.51% were reported in ABI, 67.82% in WMED, and 66.67% in AMA. Cryptogenic species are more abundant in the WMED (25.25%), compared to AMA (19.77%) and ABI (18.46%). ABI harbors more established species (62.56%) than AMA (45.2%) and WMED (43.56%), contrary to casual records (AMA 31.64%, WMED 23.76%, ABI 13.85%). Invasive species are more abundant (14.36%) in WMED. The ‘transport-stowaway’ pathway accounted for 142 (79.33%), 123 (67.58%), and 169 (85.21%) records in WMED, ABI, and AMA, respectively. The second most common pathway was ‘transport-contaminant’ related to mariculture (~10% of the total), prevalently in ABI with 42 species (23.08%). The Canary Islands stand out for species introduced through oil platforms from throughout the world. ‘Unaided’ was a relevant pathway of secondary introduction into the WMED, particularly of Lessepsian species progressing westwards. Temporal trends in newly introduced species show similar behavior among subregions.This research was funded by Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico, grant number 11_MM_ESMARES2. The APC was funded by the ESMARES2-C3 project
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