Optimal management of the Jucar River and Turia River basins under uncertain drought conditions

This paper presents a methodology to assess the best behavior achievable for a water resources system, and we apply it to the joint system of the Jucar River and Turia River basins in Spain. The resources of the two rivers are used jointly to meet the different water uses within the region, especially urban demands and environmental requirements. The climate change effects in this area are predicted to be particularly severe in this area with great variability in drought patterns. The results are particularly suitable for evaluating the best performance of the system under uncertain conditions

The interdisciplinary nature of SOIL

The holistic study of soils requires an interdisciplinary approach involving biologists, chemists, geologists, and physicists, amongst others, something that has been true from the earliest days of the field. In more recent years this list has grown to include anthropologists, economists, engineers, medical professionals, military professionals, sociologists, and even artists. This approach has been strengthened and reinforced as current research continues to use experts trained in both soil science and related fields and by the wide array of issues impacting the world that require an in-depth understanding of soils. Of fundamental importance amongst these issues are biodiversity, biofuels/energy security, climate change, ecosystem services, food security, human health, land degradation, and water security, each representing a critical challenge for research. In order to establish a benchmark for the type of research that we seek to publish in each issue of SOIL, we have outlined the interdisciplinary nature of soil science research we are looking for. This includes a focus on the myriad ways soil science can be used to expand investigation into a more holistic and therefore richer approach to soil research. In addition, a selection of invited review papers are published in this first issue of SOIL that address the study of soils and the ways in which soil investigations are essential to other related fields. We hope that both this editorial and the papers in the first issue will serve as examples of the kinds of topics we would like to see published in SOIL and will stimulate excitement among our readers and authors to participate in this new venture

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials in the Treatment of Human Brucellosis

BACKGROUND: Brucellosis is a persistent health problem in many developing countries throughout the world, and the search for simple and effective treatment continues to be of great importance. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A search was conducted in MEDLINE and in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Clinical trials published from 1985 to present that assess different antimicrobial regimens in cases of documented acute uncomplicated human brucellosis were included. The primary outcomes were relapse, therapeutic failure, combined variable of relapse and therapeutic failure, and adverse effect rates. A meta-analysis with a fixed effect model was performed and odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. A random effect model was used when significant heterogeneity between studies was verified. Comparison of combined doxycycline and rifampicin with a combination of doxycycline and streptomycin favors the latter regimen (OR = 3.17; CI95% = 2.05-4.91). There were no significant differences between combined doxycycline-streptomycin and combined doxycycline-gentamicin (OR = 1.89; CI95% = 0.81-4.39). Treatment with rifampicin and quinolones was similar to combined doxycycline-rifampicin (OR = 1.23; CI95% = 0.63-2.40). Only one study assessed triple therapy with aminoglycoside-doxycycline-rifampicin and only included patients with uncomplicated brucellosis. Thus this approach cannot be considered the therapy of choice until further studies have been performed. Combined doxycycline/co-trimoxazole or doxycycline monotherapy could represent a cost-effective alternative in certain patient groups, and further studies are needed in the future. CONCLUSIONS: Although the preferred treatment in uncomplicated human brucellosis is doxycycline-aminoglycoside combination, other treatments based on oral regimens or monotherapy should not be rejected until they are better studied. Triple therapy should not be considered the current treatment of choice

Climate change effect on water quality in the Júcar River Basin

[EN] This study analyses the effect of climate change on water quality in the Júcar River Basin from future estimations of hydrological inputs and water temperature (WT). For this purpose, a large-scale water quality model was used to estimate the ecological status of all the water bodies, based on the concentrations of BDO5, P, NH4+ and NO3– for the future horizons 2020, 2050 and 2080. In this study, a greater number of water bodies with higher pollution levels (80-100% failures) were obtained in the horizons 2050 and 2080, which are located in the middle and lower parts of the basin. In addition, the degradation of BDO5 and the NH4+ is highly dependent on WT, highlighting the importance of considering this variable in the model.[ES] En este estudio se analiza el efecto del cambio climático en la calidad del agua de la cuenca del Júcar a partir de estimaciones futuras de aportaciones hidrológicas y temperatura del agua (Ta). Para ello, se utilizó un modelo de calidad de aguas a escala de cuenca con el que se estimó el estado ecológico de todas las masas de agua, basándose en las concentraciones de DBO5, P, NH4+ y NO3- para los horizontes futuros 2020, 2050 y 2080. De este análisis se obtuvo un incremento del número de masas con altos niveles de contaminación (80-100% incumplimientos) en los horizontes 2050 y 2080, localizadas sobre todo en la parte media y baja de la cuenca. Además, la degradación de la DBO5 y el NH4+ es muy dependiente de la temperatura del agua, poniendo de manifiesto la importancia de considerar esta variable en el modelo.Los autores agradecen al Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) por financiar el proyecto RESPHIRA (PID2019106322RB-100) y a la Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MINECO) por financiar el proyecto ERAS (CTM2016-77804P), cofinanciado con Fondos FEDER. Además, también valoramos el apoyo de la Comunidad Europea en la financiación de los proyectos IMPREX (H2020-WATER-2014–2015, 641811) y SWICCA (ECMRWF-Copernicus-FA 2015/ C3S_441-LOT1/SMHI). Por último, agradecer al Programa de Apoyo para la Investigación y Desarrollo (PAID-01-17) de la Universitat Politècnica de València por fomentar y facilitar los contratos de formación de personal investigador.Suárez-Almiñana, S.; Paredes-Arquiola, J.; Andreu, J.; Solera, A. (2021). Efecto del cambio climático en la calidad del agua de la Cuenca del Júcar. Ingeniería del agua. 25(2):75-95. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2021.146447595252Ahmad, J.I., Dignum, M., Liu, G., Medema, G., van der Hoek, J.P. 2021. Changes in biofilm composition and microbial water quality in drinking water distribution systems by temperature increase induced through thermal energy recovery. Environmental Research, 194, 110648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110648Arnold, J.G., Srinivasan, R., Muttiah, R.S., Williams, J.R. 1998. Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment Part I: Model development. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 34, 73-89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05961.xBarranco, L., Dimas, M., Jiménez, A., Estrada, F. 2018. Nueva evaluación del impacto futuro del cambio climático en los recursos hídricos en España. Ingeniería Civil, 191, 34-55.BOE. 2015. Real Decreto 817/2015, de 11 de septiembre, por el que se establecen los criterios de seguimiento y evaluación del estado de las aguas superficiales y las normas de calidad ambiental, Actualidad Jurídica Ambiental.Bowie, G.L., Mills, W.B., Porcella, D.B., Campbell, C.L., Pagenkopf, J.R., Rupp, G.L., Johnson, K.M., Chan, P.W.H., Gherini, S.A., Chamberlin, C.E. 1985. Rates, Constants, and Kinetics Formulations in Surface Water Quality Modeling. EPA/600/3-. Athens, Georgia: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.CEDEX. 2017. Evaluación Del Impacto Del Cambio Climático En Los Recursos Hídricos y Sequías de España. Informe técnico para el Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. Madrid, España.CHJ. 2015. Plan Hidrológico de la Demarcación Hidrográfica del Júcar. Memoria ciclo de planificación hidrológica 2015-2021. Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. Valencia, España.European Parliament. 2000. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 Establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Water Policy. Brussels: Official Journal.Ferrer, J., Seco, A. 2008. Tratamientos Biológicos de Aguas Residuales. Valencia, España: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia: Alfaomega Grupo Editor.Flynn, K.F., Suplee, M.W., Chapra, S.C., Tao, H. 2015. Model-Based Nitrogen and Phosphorus (Nutrient) Criteria for Large Temperate Rivers: 1. Model Development and Application. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 51(2), 421-446. https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12253Gutiérrez, B., de Jalón, D.G., 1999. Modelización térmica de los ríos Cea y Manzanares. Limnetica, 17, 1-12.Hunink, J., Simons, G., Suárez-Almiñana, S., Solera, A., Andreu, J., Giuliani, M., Zamberletti, P., Grillakis, M., Koutroulis, A., Tsanis, I., Schasfoort, F., Contreras, S., Ercin, E., Bastiaanssen, W. 2019. A Simplified Water Accounting Procedure to Assess Climate Change Impact on Water Resources for Agriculture across Different European River Basins. Water, 11, 1976. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11101976IPCC, 2014. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324Jin, L., Whitehead, P.G., Rodda, H., Macadam, I., Sarkar, S. 2018. Simulating climate change and socio-economic change impacts on flows and water quality in the Mahanadi River system, India. Science of the Total Environment, 637-638, 907-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.349Jong-Suk, K., Shaleen, J., Joo-Heon, L., Hua, C., Seo-Yeon, P. 2019. Quantitative vulnerability assessment of water quality to extreme drought in a changing climate. Ecological Indicators, 103(March), 688-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.04.052Lemos, M.C., Rood, R.B. 2010. Climate Projections and Their Impact on Policy and Practice. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 1(5), 670-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.71Marcos-Garcia, P., Pulido-Velazquez, M. 2017. Cambio Climático y Planificación Hidrológica: ¿es adecuado asumir un porcentaje único de reducción de aportaciones para toda la demarcación? Ingeniería del Agua, 21(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2017.6361Naustdalslid, J. 2011. Climate change - The challenge of translating scientific knowledge into action. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 18(3), 243-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2011.572303Paredes-Arquiola, J. 2021. Manual Técnico Del Modelo Respuesta Rápida Del Estado Ambiental (RREA) de Masas de Agua Superficiales Continentales. Universitat Politècnica de València. Valencia, España. https://aquatool.webs.upv.es/files/manuales/rrea/ManualT%C3%A9cnicoModeloRREA_V3.pdfPellicer-Martínez, F., Martínez-Paz, J.M. 2016. The Water Footprint as an Indicator of Environmental Sustainability in Water Use at the River Basin Level. Science of the Total Environment, 571, 561-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.022Pérez-Martín, M. 2005. Modelo distribuido de simulación del ciclo hidrológico con calidad de aguas integrado en sistemas de información geográfica para grandes cuencas. Aportación al análisis de presiones e impactos de la Directiva Marco Europea del Agua. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Valencia, España.Rocha, J., Carvalho-Santos, C., Diogo, P., Beça, P., Keizer, J.J., Nunes, J.P., 2020. Impacts of climate change on reservoir water availability, quality and irrigation needs in a water scarce Mediterranean region (southern Portugal). Science of the Total Environment 736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139477Serpa, D., Nunes, J.P., Keizer, J.J., Abrantes, N. 2017. Impacts of climate and land use changes on the water quality of a small Mediterranean catchment with intensive viticulture. Environmental Pollution, 224, 454-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.026Shrestha, S., Bhatta, B., Shrestha, M., Shrestha, P.K. 2018. Integrated assessment of the climate and landuse change impact on hydrology and water quality in the Songkhram River Basin, Thailand. Science of the Total Environment, 643, 1610-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.306Suárez-Almiñana, S., Pedro-Monzonís, M., Paredes-Arquiola, J., Andreu, J., Solera, A. 2017. Linking Pan-European data to the local scale for decision making for global change and water scarcity within water resources planning and management. Science of the Total Environment, 603-604, 126-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.259Suárez-Almiñana, S., Solera, A., Andreu, J., García-Romero, L. 2020a. Análisis de incertidumbre de las proyecciones climáticas en relación a las aportaciones históricas en la Cuenca del Júcar. Ingeniería del Agua, 24(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2020.12149Suárez-Almiñana, S., Solera, A., Madrigal, J., Andreu, J., Paredes-arquiola, J. 2020b. Risk assessment in water resources planning under climate change at the Júcar River Basin. Hydrology and Earth System Science, 24(11), 5297-5315. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5297-2020Témez, J.R. 1977. Modelo matemático de transformación precipitación-aportación. ASINEL.Trewin, B.C. 2007. Función de las normales climatológicas en un clima cambiante. Edited by O. Baddour and H. Kontongomde. Organización Meteorológica Mundial. Vol. 43. Ginebra.Wang, Y., Zhang, N., Wang, D., Wu, J. 2020. Impacts of cascade reservoirs on Yangtze River water temperature: Assessment and ecological implications. Journal of Hydrology, 590, 125240. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125240Whitehead, P.G., Wilson, E.J., Butterfield, D., Seed, K. 1998. A semi-distributed integrated flow and nitrogen model for multiple source assessment in catchments (INCA): part II - application to large river basins in south Wales and eastern England. Science of the Total Environment, 210, 559-583. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00038-2Xu, L., Li, H., Liang, X., Yao, Y., Zhou, L., Cui, X. 2012. Water quality parameters response to temperature change in small shallow lakes. 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Hipotiroidismo subclínico y factores de riesgo cardiovascular

Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia del hipotiroidismo subclínico en la población general de un centro de salud urbano y describir las características clínicas y factores de riesgo cardiovascular de los pacientes con hipotiroidismo subclínico. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo, revisando las historias clínicas de los pacientes incluidos en la muestra desde junio de 2005 hasta julio de 2007. Se analizaron las siguientes variables; Datos generales: edad y sexo. Antecedentes familiares: patología tiroidea y otras enfermedades. Antecedentes personales: cardiovasculares, pulmonares, enfermedades autoinmunes, alteraciones gineco-obstétricas, diabetes, hipertensión (HT), dislipemia, obesidad, alteraciones psiquiátricas y hematológicas. Datos de laboratorio: niveles de TSH, niveles de T4 libre,presencia de anticuerpos antiperoxidasa, niveles de colesterol total y sus fracciones. Resultados: La prevalencia de la muestra de 100 pacientes recogida durante 8 meses fue de 3,8% de la población general mayor de 14 años, de la cual 79 eran mujeres y 21 eran hombres. El 13% eran diabéticos tipo 2, 23% tenían HT y un 40% tenían dislipemia. Sobrepeso y obesidad estaban presentes en un 26%. El nivel medio de TSH fue 6.92 ± 2,29 U/ml y el nivel medio de T4 libre fue 1,16 ± 0,16 ng/ml. Conclusiones: La prevalencia del hipotiroidismo subclínico fue 3,8%. sobre todo en mujeres con una edad media de 46 años. La incidencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en los sujetos estudiados es mayor en DM (13%), similar a la población general en cuanto a la dislipemia (40%) y obesidad (20%) y menor en HTA (23%). En nuestro estudio no se observa una pauta común en el manejo del hipotiroidismo subclínico, siendo necesaria la implementación y promoción de guías de actuación en Atención PrimariaObjective: To determine the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in the general population of an urban health center and describe the clinical characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods: An observational study, retrospective, reviewing the medical histories of patients sampled from June 2005 until July 2007. We analyzed the following variables; facts: age and sex. Family history thyroid disease and other diseases. Personal history: cardiovascular pulmonary autoimmune, alterations gynecology obstetric diabetes, hypertension (HT) dislipemia, obesity, psychiatric alterations and haematological. Laboratory data: novel TSH, free T4, antiperoxidase antibodies, total cholesterol and its fractions. Results: The prevalence of the sample of 100 patients collected over 8 months was 3.8% in the general population over 14 years, of which 79 were women and 21 were men. 13% were type 2 diabetics, 23% had HT and 40% had dyslipidemia. Overweight and obesity were present in 26%. The average level of TSH was 6.92 ± 2.29 U/ml and the average level of free T4 was 1.16 ± 0.16 ng/ml. Conclusions: Prevalence subclinical hypothyroidism was 3.8%. especially in women with a mean age of 46. The incidence of cardiovascular risk factors in the subjects studied is higher in DM (13%), similar to general population in terms of dyslipidemia (40%) and obesity (23%) and lowest in hypertension (23%). In our study we observed a common pattern in the management of subclinical hypothyroidism, requiring the implementation and promotion of practice guidelines in primary car

A semi-supervised learning approach for acoustic-prosodic personality perception in under-resourced domains

Automatic personality analysis has gained attention in the last years as a fundamental dimension in human-To-human and human-To-machine interaction. However, it still suffers from limited number and size of speech corpora for specific domains, such as the assessment of children's personality. This paper investigates a semi-supervised training approach to tackle this scenario. We devise an experimental setup with age and language mismatch and two training sets: A small labeled training set from the Interspeech 2012 Personality Sub-challenge, containing French adult speech labeled with personality OCEAN traits, and a large unlabeled training set of Portuguese children's speech. As test set, a corpus of Portuguese children's speech labeled with OCEAN traits is used. Based on this setting, we investigate a weak supervision approach that iteratively refines an initial model trained with the labeled data-set using the unlabeled data-set. We also investigate knowledge-based features, which leverage expert knowledge in acoustic-prosodic cues and thus need no extra data. Results show that, despite the large mismatch imposed by language and age differences, it is possible to attain improvements with these techniques, pointing both to the benefits of using a weak supervision and expert-based acoustic-prosodic features across age and language

Effect of Particle Size on Droplet Infiltration into Hydrophobic Porous Media As a Model of Water Repellent Soil

The wettability of soil is of great importance for plants and soil biota, and in determining the risk for preferential flow, surface runoff, flooding,and soil erosion. The molarity of ethanol droplet (MED) test is widely used for quantifying the severity of water repellency in soils that show reduced wettability and is assumed to be independent of soil particle size. The minimum ethanol concentration at which droplet penetration occurs within a short time (≤10 s) provides an estimate of the initial advancing contact angle at which spontaneous wetting is expected. In this study, we test the assumption of particle size independence using a simple model of soil, represented by layers of small (0.2–2 mm) diameter beads that predict the effect of changing bead radius in the top layer on capillary driven imbibition. Experimental results using a three-layer bead system show broad agreement with the model and demonstrate a dependence of the MED test on particle size. The results show that the critical initial advancing contact angle for penetration can be considerably less than 90° and varies with particle size, demonstrating that a key assumption currently used in the MED testing of soil is not necessarily valid

Integrating water management, habitat modelling and water quality at basin scale environmental flow assessment - Tormes River (Spain)

"This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published in Hydrological Sciences Journal on 2014, available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2013.821573"Multidisciplinary models are useful for integrating different disciplines when addressing water planning and management problems. We combine water resources management, water quality and habitat analysis tools that were developed with the Decision Support System AQUATOOL at a basin scale. The water management model solves the allocation problem through network flow optimisation and considers the environmental flows in some river stretches. Once volumes and flows are estimated, the water quality model is applied. Furthermore, the flows are evaluated from an ecological perspective by using time series of aquatic species habitat indicators. This approach was applied in the Tormes River Water System, where agricultural demands jeopardise the environmental needs of the river ecosystem. Additionally, water quality problems in the lower part of the river result from wastewater loading and agricultural pollution. Our methodological framework can be used to define water management rules that maintain water supply, aquatic ecosystem and water quality legal standards. The integration of ecological and water management criteria in a software platform with objective criteria and heuristic optimisation procedures allows for the realistic assessment and application of environmental flows. Here, we improve the general methodological framework by assessing the hydrological alteration of selected environmental flow regime scenarios.This study was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the SCARCE project [Consolider-Ingenio 2010 CSD2009-00065].Paredes Arquiola, J.; Solera Solera, A.; Martinez-Capel, F.; Momblanch Benavent, A.; Andreu Álvarez, J. (2014). Integrating water management, habitat modelling and water quality at basin scale environmental flow assessment - Tormes River (Spain). Hydrological Sciences Journal. 59(3-4):878-889. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2013.821573S878889593-4Acreman, M. (2005). Linking science and decision-making: features and experience from environmental river flow setting. Environmental Modelling & Software, 20(2), 99-109. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2003.08.019Andreu, J., Capilla, J., & Sanchís, E. (1996). AQUATOOL, a generalized decision-support system for water-resources planning and operational management. Journal of Hydrology, 177(3-4), 269-291. doi:10.1016/0022-1694(95)02963-xBelmar, O., Velasco, J., & Martinez-Capel, F. (2011). Hydrological Classification of Natural Flow Regimes to Support Environmental Flow Assessments in Intensively Regulated Mediterranean Rivers, Segura River Basin (Spain). Environmental Management, 47(5), 992-1004. doi:10.1007/s00267-011-9661-0Bovee, K.D., 1982.A guide to stream habitat analysis using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology.Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service Instream Flow Information Paper #12.Garcia De Jalon, D. and Lurueña, J., 2000. Estudio para la determinación de caudales mínimos en varios tramos de la cuenca del Tormes y del Alberche (provincia de Ávila). Technical Report of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid for Junta de Castilla y León. (In Spanish)Liu, Y., Gupta, H., Springer, E., & Wagener, T. (2008). Linking science with environmental decision making: Experiences from an integrated modeling approach to supporting sustainable water resources management. Environmental Modelling & Software, 23(7), 846-858. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.10.007Martinez-Capel, F.et al. 2006. Validació biològica del règim de cabals de manteniment definits al pla sectorial de les conques internes de Catalunya en 10 trams fluvials. Technical report of the Universidad Politécnica de Valencia for the Agència Catalana de l’Aigua (Generalitat de Catalunya). (In Spanish)Olaya-Marín, E. J., Martínez-Capel, F., Soares Costa, R. M., & Alcaraz-Hernández, J. D. (2012). Modelling native fish richness to evaluate the effects of hydromorphological changes and river restoration (Júcar River Basin, Spain). Science of The Total Environment, 440, 95-105. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.093Olden, J. D., & Poff, N. L. (2003). Redundancy and the choice of hydrologic indices for characterizing streamflow regimes. River Research and Applications, 19(2), 101-121. doi:10.1002/rra.700Bain, M. B., & Meixler, M. S. (2008). A target fish community to guide river restoration. River Research and Applications, 24(4), 453-458. doi:10.1002/rra.1065Paredes, J., Andreu, J., & Solera, A. (2010). A decision support system for water quality issues in the Manzanares River (Madrid, Spain). Science of The Total Environment, 408(12), 2576-2589. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.02.037Paredes-Arquiola, J., Andreu-Álvarez, J., Martín-Monerris, M., & Solera, A. (2010). Water Quantity and Quality Models Applied to the Jucar River Basin, Spain. Water Resources Management, 24(11), 2759-2779. doi:10.1007/s11269-010-9578-zParedes-Arquiola, J.et al. 2011. Implementing environmental flows in complex water resources systems – case study: the Duero river basin, Spain.River Research and Applications, 29, 451–468. doi:10.1002/rra.1617Poff, N. L., Allan, J. D., Bain, M. B., Karr, J. R., Prestegaard, K. L., Richter, B. D., … Stromberg, J. C. (1997). The Natural Flow Regime. BioScience, 47(11), 769-784. doi:10.2307/1313099POFF, N. L., RICHTER, B. D., ARTHINGTON, A. H., BUNN, S. E., NAIMAN, R. J., KENDY, E., … WARNER, A. (2010). The ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA): a new framework for developing regional environmental flow standards. Freshwater Biology, 55(1), 147-170. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02204.xSolomon, S.et al. 2007.Climate change 2007: The physical science basis.Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press