Energy performance analysis between two air conditioning systems used in an educational Building in warm-climate

Energy saving measures, in the design air conditioning systems, are crucial in the development of energy schemes with rational energy consumption. Traditionally, integrated buildings systems have been assessed individually to optimize the energy performance, however they have different parameters that affect energy performance that demands the use of detailed analysis using dynamic simulation. This paper is focused on compare an air conditioning system to be implemented in educational buildings in warm-climate, considering energy schemes provide for a constant air volume (CAV) flow system with a water chiller, while the other integrates a variable refrigerant flow (VRF) system. Adding in each case dedicated outdoor air System (DOAS) units. Energy consumption achieved by each AC system is obtained considering the configuration achieving energy savings of 40% of the annual electricity demand for cooling. Finally, the use of DOAS represents an increase of 20% of total electricity consumption

Parto y distocias en la perra y en la gata

El conocimiento de la fisiología normal del parto, eutocia, resulta indispensable para reconocer y, por lo tanto, establecer un adecuado plan de actuación clínica ante un parto patológico o distócico. En la primera parte de este artículo revisamos los mecanismos del parto en la perra y en la gata poniendo especial interés en aquellos aspectos de mayor trascendencia clínica; posteriormente estudiamos el parto patológico, su diagnóstico y las técnicas obstétricas que debemos emplear para resolver el problema que plantea un parto distócico en los animales de compañía.An adequate knowledge of the physiological parturition, eutocya, results essential in order to recognize and then establishing an accurate plan of clinicalperformance, to cope with the pathological whelping or dystocia. That's why in the first part of this article the mechanism of parturition in the bitch and the queen are reviewed, watching especiaUythose aspects of clinical significance; after this we study the pathological parturition, its identification and the obstetrical techniques to use in order to get successin the resolution of the trouble that a dystocia in companion animals represents

Transferring Axial Molecular Chirality Through a Sequence of On-Surface Reactions

Fine management of chiral processes on solid surfaces has progressed over the years, yet still faces the need for the controlled and selective production of advanced chiral materials. Here, we report on the use of enantiomerically enriched molecular building blocks to demonstrate the transmission of their intrinsic chirality along a sequence of on-surface reactions. Triggered by thermal annealing, the on-surface reac-tions induced in this experiment involve firstly the coupling of the chiral reactants into chiral polymers and subsequently their transformation into planar prochiral graphene nanoribbons. Our study reveals that the axial chirality of the reactant is not only transferred to the polymers, but also to the planar chirality of the graphene nanoribbon end products. Such chirality transfer consequently allows, starting from ad-equate enantioenriched reactants, for the controlled production of chiral and prochiral organic nanoarchi-tectures with pre-defined handedness

Techno-economic evaluation of a grid-connected hybrid PV-wind power generation system in San Luis Potosi, Mexico

This paper presents a study of the installation of a hybrid PV-Wind power generation system for social interest houses in the city of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. To assess the benefits of the implementation of this type of systems, a technological, economic and environmental evaluation is carried out based on the available renewable energy resources and considering a typical load profile of consumers. The obtained results show the feasibility of installation of small capacity hybrid generation systems in the city, however governmental incentives must be implemented to make more attractive and affordable the proposed systems for medium/low income users

Mapping of crop calendar events by object-based analysis of MODIS and ASTER images

Revista oficial de la Asociación Española de Teledetección[EN] A method to generate crop calendar and phenology-related maps at a parcel level of four major irrigated crops (rice, maize, sunflower and tomato) is shown. The method combines images from the ASTER and MODIS sensors in an object-based image analysis framework, as well as testing of three different fitting curves by using the TIMESAT software. Averaged estimation of calendar dates were 85%, from 92% in the estimation of emergence and harvest dates in rice to 69% in the case of harvest date in tomato.[ES] Se presenta un procedimiento para generar mapas de calendario de cultivo y otras variables fenológicas a nivel de parcela de cuatro tipos de cultivo de regadío (arroz, maíz, girasol y tomate). El método combina imágenes de los sensores ASTER y MODIS en un entorno de análisis de imágenes basado en objetos, y la aplicación de tres curvas de ajuste diferentes analizadas con el programa TIMESAT. Los resultados obtenidos tuvieron una exactitud media del 85%, con valores entre el 92% en las fechas de emergencia y cosecha del arroz y el 69% en la estimación de la fecha de cosecha del tomate.Este trabajo fue financiado por un proyecto de la Fundación Kearny de Ciencias del Suelo de la Universidad de California - Davis. El trabajo del Dr. José M. Peña fue financiado por un contrato postdoctoral del programa MEC-Fulbright, financiado por la Secretaría de Estado e Investigación del Ministerio Español de Ciencia e Innovación. Las imágenes ASTER y MODIS se obtuvieron de la plataforma NASA-EOS a través de una afiliación de investigación.De Castro, A.; Plant, R.; Six, J.; Peña, J. (2014). Mapas de calendario de cultivo y variables fenológicas mediante el análisis de imágenes MODIS y ASTER basado en objetos. Revista de Teledetección. (41):29-36. doi:10.4995/raet.2014.2307.SWORD293641Beck, P. S. A., Atzberger, C., Høgda, K. A., Johansen, B., & Skidmore, A. K. (2006). Improved monitoring of vegetation dynamics at very high latitudes: A new method using MODIS NDVI. Remote Sensing of Environment, 100(3), 321-334. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2005.10.021Blaschke, T. (2010). Object based image analysis for remote sensing. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 65(1), 2-16. doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2009.06.004Gao, F., Morisette, J. T., Wolfe, R. E., Ederer, G., Pedelty, J., Masuoka, E., … Nightingale, J. (2008). An Algorithm to Produce Temporally and Spatially Continuous MODIS-LAI Time Series. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 5(1), 60-64. doi:10.1109/lgrs.2007.907971Jönsson, P., & Eklundh, L. (2004). TIMESAT—a program for analyzing time-series of satellite sensor data. Computers & Geosciences, 30(8), 833-845. doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2004.05.006Peña-Barragán, J. M., López-Granados, F., García-Torres, L., Jurado-Expósito, M., Sánchez de la Orden, M., & García-Ferrer, A. (2008). Discriminating cropping systems and agro-environmental measures by remote sensing. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 28(2), 355-362. doi:10.1051/agro:2007049Peña-Barragán, J. M., Ngugi, M. K., Plant, R. E., & Six, J. (2011). Object-based crop identification using multiple vegetation indices, textural features and crop phenology. Remote Sensing of Environment, 115(6), 1301-1316. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2011.01.009Rojas, O., Vrieling, A., & Rembold, F. (2011). Assessing drought probability for agricultural areas in Africa with coarse resolution remote sensing imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment, 115(2), 343-352. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2010.09.006Tan, B., Morisette, J. T., Wolfe, R. E., Gao, F., Ederer, G. A., Nightingale, J., & Pedelty, J. A. (2011). An Enhanced TIMESAT Algorithm for Estimating Vegetation Phenology Metrics From MODIS Data. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 4(2), 361-371. doi:10.1109/jstars.2010.2075916Zhang, X., Friedl, M. A., Schaaf, C. B., Strahler, A. H., Hodges, J. C. F., Gao, F., … Huete, A. (2003). Monitoring vegetation phenology using MODIS. Remote Sensing of Environment, 84(3), 471-475. doi:10.1016/s0034-4257(02)00135-9Zhong, L., Gong, P., & Biging, G. S. (2014). Efficient corn and soybean mapping with temporal extendability: A multi-year experiment using Landsat imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment, 140, 1-13. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.023Wang, J., Rich, P. M., Price, K. P., & Kettle, W. D. (2004). Relations between NDVI and tree productivity in the central Great Plains. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25(16), 3127-3138. doi:10.1080/0143116032000160499Thenkabail, P. S., Knox, J. W., Ozdogan, M., Gumma, M. K., Congalton, R. G., Wu, Z., Miseli, C., Finkral, A., Marshall, M., Mariotto, I., You, S., Giri, C.P., Nagler, P. L., 2012. Assessing future risks to agricultural productivity, water resources and food security-how can remote sensing help? Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 78(8), 773-782

ECTACI: European Climatology and Trend Atlas of Climate Indices (1979–2017)

A fundamental key to understanding climate change and its implications is the availability of databases with wide spatial coverage, over a long period of time, with constant updates and high spatial resolution. This study describes a newly gridded data set and its map viewer “European Climatology and Trend Atlas of Climate Indices” (ECTACI), which contains four statistical parameters (climatology, coefficient of variation, slope, and significant trend) from 125 standard climate indices for the whole Europe at 0.25° grid intervals from 1979 to 2017 at various temporal scales (monthly, seasonal, and annual). In addition, this study shows, for the first time, the general trends of a wide variety of updated standard climate indices at seasonal and annual scales for the whole of Europe, which could be a useful tool for climate analysis and its impact on different sectors and socioeconomic activities. The data set and ECTACI map viewer are available for free (http://ECTACI.csic.es/)

Paleotsunami evidence in the Bahía Inglesa coast (Atacama, Chile) based on a multi-approach analysis

The Atacama coast is located in an area with a current high risk of tsunami, and the sedimentary deposits found in the Bahía Inglesa area, in the Morro sector, clearly indicate that this was also the case in the past. This investigation analyzes a paleotsunami sedimentary deposit consisting of a block field associated with three sand lobes oriented towards land on top of a marine terrace at an altitude of 70–75 m, which originated from a tsunamigenic event occurred between interglacial periods MIS 7 (ca. 210 ± 10 ky) and MIS5e (ca. 125 ± 5 ky). The deposits have been studied using a multiple approach combining geomorphological, sedimentological, biological, and geochemical criteria. The first type of criteria clearly indicate that the energy required to move the blocks and form the sand lobes could only have been generated by a tsunami. Sedimentological criteria constitute direct evidences of a marine origin due to the presence of siliceous remains from diatom species and spicules from strictly marine sponges, while geochemical criteria, such as the stable isotope signature and chemical composition, constitute evidence of a marine intrusion. © 2022, The Author(s)

Climate, irrigation, and land cover change explain streamflow trends in countries bordering the northeast Atlantic

Attribution of trends in streamflow is complex, but essential, in identifying optimal management options for water resources. Disagreement remains on the relative role of climate change and human factors, including water abstractions and land cover change, in driving change in annual streamflow. We construct a very dense network of gauging stations (n = 1,874) from Ireland, the United Kingdom, France, Spain, and Portugal for the period of 1961–2012 to detect and then attribute changes in annual streamflow. Using regression‐based techniques, we show that climate (precipitation and atmospheric evaporative demand) explains many of the observed trends in northwest Europe, while for southwest Europe human disturbances better explain both temporal and spatial trends. For the latter, large increases in irrigated areas, agricultural intensification, and natural revegetation of marginal lands are inferred to be the dominant drivers of decreases in streamflow

Acute pulmonary non-cardiogenic edema after extubation with laryngospasm: a case report

Acute pulmonary edema post extubation due to negative pressure with laryngospasm in the early postoperative period has been reported and may occur at any time during anesthesia. The usual treatment consists of respiratory support and diuretics. We present the clinical case of a 15-year-old patient who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy, who presented acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema in the postoperative period. This complication can be presented in any surgical patient intubated, so it is important to know the pathophysiological basis to be able to diagnose and treat this pathology

Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis Show an Altered Flexion/Relaxation Phenomenon

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic rheumatic disease characterized by the presence of inflammatory back pain. In patients with chronic low back pain, the lumbar flexion relaxation phenomenon measured by surface electromyography (sEMG) differs from that in healthy individuals. However, sEMG activity in axSpA patients has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to analyze the flexion relaxation phenomenon in axSpA patients. A study evaluating 39 axSpA patients and 35 healthy controls was conducted. sEMG activity at the erector spinae muscles was measured during lumbar full flexion movements. sEMG activity was compared between axSpA patients and the controls, as well as between active (BASDAI ≥ 4) and non-active (BASDAI 0.8 for 1/FRR) and criterion validity. ROC analysis showed good discriminant validity for axSpA patients (AUC = 0.835) vs. the control group using 1/FRR. An abnormal flexion/relaxation phenomenon exists in axSpA patients compared with controls. sEMG could be an additional objective tool in the evaluation of patient function and disease activity status