Clones de aceroleira: BRS 235 ou apodi, BRS 236 ou cereja, BRS 237 ou roxinha e BRS 238 ou frutacor.

bitstream/CNPAT/7853/1/ct_87.pd

Caracterização do pó da casca de coco verde usado como substrato agrícola.

O aumento do consumo de agua-de-coco verde e a vocacao natural para sua industrializacao vem causando problema de disposicao final do residuo gerado, ou seja, as cascas do fruto. A analise do comportamento historico da oferta de coco verde no mercado demonstra crescimento significativo.bitstream/CNPAT-2010/5862/1/Ct-054.pd

Utilização da casca de coco como substrato agrícola.

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Management of hydrocele in adolescent patients

Hydrocele is defined as an abnormal collection of serous fluid in the potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis. In the majority of affected adolescents, hydrocele is acquired and is idiopathic in origin. The pathogenesis of idiopathic hydrocele is thought to be an imbalance in the normal process of fluid production and reabsorption. The diagnosis is usually clinical. Taking a thorough history is essential to rule out any fluctuation in size, which is an indication of a patent processus vaginalis. Scrotal ultrasonography is mandatory in nonpalpable testicles to rule out a subtending testicular solid mass requiring inguinal exploration. Otherwise, open hydrocelectomy via a scrotal incision is the standard treatment of idiopathic hydroceles. The second most common cause of hydrocele in adolescents is varicocelectomy. The risk of hydrocele formation is higher with non-artery-sparing procedures or those performed without microsurgical aid, and in surgery requiring cord dissection. If hydrocele occurs after varicocelectomy, initial management should include observation with or without hydrocele aspiration. Large persistent hydroceles are best served by open hydrocelectomy

Development of an In Vivo RNAi Protocol to Investigate Gene Function in the Filarial Nematode, Brugia malayi

Our ability to control diseases caused by parasitic nematodes is constrained by a limited portfolio of effective drugs and a paucity of robust tools to investigate parasitic nematode biology. RNA interference (RNAi) is a reverse-genetics tool with great potential to identify novel drug targets and interrogate parasite gene function, but present RNAi protocols for parasitic nematodes, which remove the parasite from the host and execute RNAi in vitro, are unreliable and inconsistent. We have established an alternative in vivo RNAi protocol targeting the filarial nematode Brugia malayi as it develops in an intermediate host, the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Injection of worm-derived short interfering RNA (siRNA) and double stranded RNA (dsRNA) into parasitized mosquitoes elicits suppression of B. malayi target gene transcript abundance in a concentration-dependent fashion. The suppression of this gene, a cathepsin L-like cysteine protease (Bm-cpl-1) is specific and profound, both injection of siRNA and dsRNA reduce transcript abundance by 83%. In vivo Bm-cpl-1 suppression results in multiple aberrant phenotypes; worm motility is inhibited by up to 69% and parasites exhibit slow-moving, kinked and partial-paralysis postures. Bm-cpl-1 suppression also retards worm growth by 48%. Bm-cpl-1 suppression ultimately prevents parasite development within the mosquito and effectively abolishes transmission potential because parasites do not migrate to the head and proboscis. Finally, Bm-cpl-1 suppression decreases parasite burden and increases mosquito survival. This is the first demonstration of in vivo RNAi in animal parasitic nematodes and results indicate this protocol is more effective than existing in vitro RNAi methods. The potential of this new protocol to investigate parasitic nematode biology and to identify and validate novel anthelmintic drug targets is discussed

Validation of ultrasound bioimaging to predict worm burden and treatment efficacy in preclinical filariasis drug screening models

Filariasis is a global health problem targeted for elimination. Curative drugs (macroflaricides) are required to accelerate elimination. Candidate macroflaricides require testing in preclinical models of flariasis. The incidence of infection failures and high intra-group variation means that large group sizes are required for drug testing. Further, a lack of accurate, quantitative adult biomarkers results in protracted timeframes or multiple groups for endpoint analyses. Here we evaluate intra-vital ultrasonography (USG) to identify B. malayi in the peritonea of gerbils and CB.17 SCID mice and assess prognostic value in determining drug efcacy. USG operators, blinded to infection status, could detect intra-peritoneal flarial dance sign (ipFDS) with 100% specifcity and sensitivity, when >5 B. malayi worms were present in SCID mice. USG ipFDS was predictive of macroflaricidal activity in randomized, blinded studies comparing fubendazole, albendazole and vehicle-treated SCID mice. Semi-quantifcation of ipFDS could predict worm burden >10 with 87–100% accuracy in SCID mice or gerbils. We estimate that pre-assessment of worm burden by USG could reduce intra-group variation, obviate the need for surgical implantations in gerbils, and reduce total SCID mouse use by 40%. Thus, implementation of USG may reduce animal use, refne endpoints and negate invasive techniques for assessing anti-flarial drug efcacy

A Research Agenda for Helminth Diseases of Humans: Diagnostics for Control and Elimination Programmes

Diagnostic tools appropriate for undertaking interventions to control helminth infections are key to their success. Many diagnostic tests for helminth infection have unsatisfactory performance characteristics and are not well suited for use in the parasite control programmes that are being increasingly implemented. Although the application of modern laboratory research techniques to improve diagnostics for helminth infection has resulted in some technical advances, uptake has not been uniform. Frequently, pilot or proof of concept studies of promising diagnostic technologies have not been followed by much needed product development, and in many settings diagnosis continues to rely on insensitive and unsatisfactory parasitological or serodiagnostic techniques. In contrast, PCR-based xenomonitoring of arthropod vectors, and use of parasite recombinant proteins as reagents for serodiagnostic tests, have resulted in critical advances in the control of specific helminth parasites. The Disease Reference Group on Helminths Infections (DRG4), established in 2009 by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) was given the mandate to review helminthiases research and identify research priorities and gaps. In this review, the diagnostic technologies relevant to control of helminth infections, either available or in development, are reviewed. Critical gaps are identified and opportunities to improve needed technologies are discussed

The histopathology of bancroftian filariasis revisited: the role of the adult worm in the lymphatic-vessel disease

Although morphology is generally limited to static images, the histopathological features of bancroftian lymphatic disease are presented here in a way that is as dynamic as possible and closely associated with the clinical, ultrasonographic and surgical characteristics. the protean spectrum of alterations seen in the host's lymphatic vessels is discussed, and the changes caused by the live and dead worms are highlighted, as independent events. Evidence of a remodelling process, in which the lymphatic endothelial cells appear to have a key role, is provided for the first time. Despite many new pieces of information, there remain many 'blank pages' in the natural history of bancroftian filariasis.Univ Fed Pernambuco, Hosp Clin, Dept Cirurgia, BR-50740900 Recife, PE, BrazilUniv Fed Pernambuco, Dept Patol, LIKA, BR-50740900 Recife, PE, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Disciplina Urol, Lab Reprod Humana, BR-04025010 São Paulo, BrazilFiocruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes, BR-50670420 Recife, PE, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Disciplina Urol, Lab Reprod Humana, BR-04025010 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Pathogenesis of filarial hydrocele: risk associated with intrascrotal nodules caused by death of adult Wuchereria bancrofti

Although testicular hydrocele is the most common clinical manifestation of bancroftian filariasis, its pathogenesis is poorly understood, as is its relationship to inflammatory scrotal nodules following death of adult Wuchereria bancrofti. Between 1994 and 1998, we prospectively determined the incidence and clinical evolution of nodule-associated acute hydrocele in men attending 2 outpatient clinics in Recife, Brazil who were infected with W. bancrofti, had living adult worms detectable by ultrasound in the intrascrotal lymphatic vessels, and were scheduled for treatment with 6 mg/kg diethylcarbamazine (DEC). A total of 132 men developed 173 scrotal nodules 1-7 (mean 4.2) d after DEC treatment and another 47 developed 58 spontaneous nodules before they received DEC treatment. These 179 men with a single 'nodule event' (simultaneous development of greater than or equal to 1 scrotal nodules) were followed-up by serial physical and ultrasound examinations for 18 months. Overall, 40 (22.3%) men developed acute hydrocele, 3 of whom underwent biopsy and hydrocele repair. of the remaining 37 men, 9 (24.3%) developed chronic hydrocele and 28 had acute hydrocele resolution within 14-210 (mean 60.9) d. Rate of chronic hydrocele was similar for men who received DEC and those with spontaneous nodules. Seventeen (42.5%) men with hydrocele had multiple scrotal nodules, compared with 28 (20.1%) men who did not develop hydrocele (P= 0.007). of 134 men with single nodules, superior paratesticular nodules were found in 56.5% and 29.7% of those with and without hydrocele, respectively (P= 0.02). Acute hydrocele occurs frequently following death of adult W. bancrofti and single episodes of scrotal nodule formation. Chronic hydrocele may develop following 5.1% of these episodes.Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Cirurgia, Serv Urol, BR-50740900 Recife, PE, BrazilUniv Fed Pernambuco, NEPAF, BR-50740900 Recife, PE, BrazilCtr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Disciplina Urol, São Paulo, BrazilLab Imunopatol Keizo Asami, Recife, PE, BrazilFiocruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes, Recife, PE, BrazilUniv Fed Pernambuco, Dept Trop Med, BR-50740900 Recife, PE, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Disciplina Urol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc