The epidemiological patterns of honour killing of women in Pakistan

Background: Honour killing (HK) is a problem of public health concern but published data on the phenomenon are limited and many cases likely go unrecognized. Our study focuses on the epidemiological patterns of HK of women in Pakistan, where domestic violence is common and HK occurs but is poorly described. Methods: Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) systematically collected data on HK of women using newspaper reports from January 2004 till December 2007. We analysed the aggregated data on HK through December 2007 and estimated the rates of HK. Results: A total of 1957 HK events occurred from 2004 to 2007, complete data was not available for all variables. Adults (18 years) constituted 82 (803/978) of death toll with 88 (1257/1435) being married. Alleged extramarital relation was the major reason for the killing (92, 1759/1902). Husbands (43, 749/1739), brothers (24, 421/1739) and other close relatives (12, 200/1739) were the perpetrators in known HK events. Among the weapons/methods used for killing, firearms (61, 1071/1768), stabbing (4, 65/1768), use of axe (12, 220/1768), edged tool (8;136/1768) and strangulation (9, 167/1768) were the main means of execution. The mean annual rate of HK in females (age 1564 years) was found to be 15.0 per million. Newspaper reports are good source of surveillance when information is limited. We found that adult married women constituted the majority of victims of HK. Ongoing surveillance would serve to better characterize HK in Pakistan and assess the effectiveness of preventive strategies

Differential electrophysiological response during rest, self-referential, and non-self-referential tasks in human posteromedial cortex

The electrophysiological basis for higher brain activity during rest and internally directed cognition within the human default mode network (DMN) remains largely unknown. Here we use intracranial recordings in the human posteromedial cortex (PMC), a core node within the DMN, during conditions of cued rest, autobiographical judgments, and arithmetic processing. We found a heterogeneous profile of PMC responses in functional, spatial, and temporal domains. Although the majority of PMC sites showed increased broad gamma band activity (30-180 Hz) during rest, some PMC sites, proximal to the retrosplenial cortex, responded selectively to autobiographical stimuli. However, no site responded to both conditions, even though they were located within the boundaries of the DMN identified with resting-state functional imaging and similarly deactivated during arithmetic processing. These findings, which provide electrophysiological evidence for heterogeneity within the core of the DMN, will have important implications for neuroimaging studies of the DMN

Long-term, prolonged-release tacrolimus-based immunosuppression in de novo kidney transplant recipients: 5-year prospective follow-up of the ADHERE study patients.

The objectives of this study were to assess long-term graft survival, patient survival, renal function, and acute rejections in de novo kidney transplant recipients, treated with once-daily prolonged-release tacrolimus-based therapy. The study was a 5-year non-interventional prospective follow-up of patients from the ADHERE study, a Phase IV 12-month open-label assessment of patients randomized to receive prolonged-release tacrolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (Arm 1) or sirolimus (Arm 2). From 838 patients in the randomized study, 587 were included in the long-term follow-up, of whom 510 completed the study at year 5. At 1 year post-transplant, graft and patient survival rates were 93.0% and 97.8%, respectively, and at 5 years were 84.0% and 90.8%, respectively. Cox proportional hazards analysis showed no association between graft loss, initial randomized treatment arm, donor age, donor type, or sex. The 5-year acute rejection-free survival rate was 77.4%, and biopsy-confirmed acute rejection-free survival rate was 86.0%. Renal function remained stable over the follow-up period: mean ± SD eGFR 4-variable modification diet in renal disease formula (MDRD4) was 52.3 ± 21.6 ml/min/1.73 m2 at 6 months and 52.5 ± 23.0 ml/min/1.73 m2 at 5 years post-transplant. These findings support the role of long-term once-daily prolonged-release tacrolimus-based immunosuppression, in combination with sirolimus or MMF, for renal transplant recipients in routine clinical practice. ispartof: TRANSPLANT INTERNATIONAL vol:33 issue:2 pages:161-173 ispartof: location:England status: publishe

Comparative pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in stable pediatric allograft recipients converted from immediate-release tacrolimus to prolonged-release tacrolimus formulation.

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Same data, different conclusions: Radical dispersion in empirical results when independent analysts operationalize and test the same hypothesis

In this crowdsourced initiative, independent analysts used the same dataset to test two hypotheses regarding the effects of scientists’ gender and professional status on verbosity during group meetings. Not only the analytic approach but also the operationalizations of key variables were left unconstrained and up to individual analysts. For instance, analysts could choose to operationalize status as job title, institutional ranking, citation counts, or some combination. To maximize transparency regarding the process by which analytic choices are made, the analysts used a platform we developed called DataExplained to justify both preferred and rejected analytic paths in real time. Analyses lacking sufficient detail, reproducible code, or with statistical errors were excluded, resulting in 29 analyses in the final sample. Researchers reported radically different analyses and dispersed empirical outcomes, in a number of cases obtaining significant effects in opposite directions for the same research question. A Boba multiverse analysis demonstrates that decisions about how to operationalize variables explain variability in outcomes above and beyond statistical choices (e.g., covariates). Subjective researcher decisions play a critical role in driving the reported empirical results, underscoring the need for open data, systematic robustness checks, and transparency regarding both analytic paths taken and not taken. Implications for organizations and leaders, whose decision making relies in part on scientific findings, consulting reports, and internal analyses by data scientists, are discussed

Dimensi Aksiologis Pendidikan Islam

Axiology is a theory about a value, benefit or everything that is known. Axiology divided into two parts, namely ethic and aesthetic. The ethics are divided into two parts, the first is descriptive ethics and the second is normative ethics, as well as Aesthetics, there are two parts of Aesthetics, the first is Descriptive Aesthetics and the second is Normative Aesthetics. While the source of value has two parts, namely, divine values and Inaniyah values. Characteristics and value levels are also divided into two, namely objective or subjective values and absolute or changing values. In the essence of value, there are important points such as: the value of life, the value of enjoyment, the value of usability, the value of intellectuals, the value of ethics, the value of aesthetics, and the value of religion. Islamic education has a goal, namely to make students as human beings who develop towards a better and become ethical human beings and have a personality that is in accordance with Islamic teachings, both in terms of spiritual, scientific, scientific, both individually and collectively. Values are closely related to Islamic education because Islamic education is a process of achieving perfection in terms of the ability of students in accordance with Islamic teachings

Perlindungan Hukum Nasabah Bank terhadap Adanya Likuidasi

Eksistensi hukum adalah untuk memberikan perlindungan  kepada orang baik secara individu maupun secara kolektif, demikian pula dalam hukum perdata bisnis dan perbankan sebagai bagian dari hukum perdata dan bisnis maka perlindungan hukum kepada para nasabah bank mutlak dan sangat diperlukan, sebagai media atau sarana usaha di bidang keuangan yang melakukan kegiatan simpan pinjam dana dari masyarakat dan untuk masyarakat maka dunia perbankan sangat rentan dengan  berbagai resiko yaitu antara lain yang datang dari pihak bank yanng berimbas pada nasabah bank, misalnya yang dikenal dengan likuidasi perbankan, perjalanan usaha perbankan tidaklah selalu sehat dan menguntungkan akan tetapi dalam praktek terdapat pula bank yang tidak sehat dan tidak mampu melaksanakan aktivitasnya secara baik dan sehat sebagaimana diharapkan, maka dalam hal ini pihak pemerintah yang diwakili Bank Indonesia melakukan merjer dan likuidasi bank yang bermasalah tersebut. Dengan adanya likuiditasi bank tersebut seyogianya dapat memberikan perlindingan hukum kepada para nasabah bank yang dikuiditasi agar modal dan hak haknya dapat terjaga dan terlindungi secara hukum

Implementasi Kebijakan Alokasi Dana Desa di Desa Lende Kecamatan Sirenja Kabupaten Donggala

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana Implementasi Kebijakan Alokasi Dana Desa Di Desa Lende Kecamatan Sirenja Kabupaten Donggala. Dasar penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dan tipe penelitian dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriktif kualitatif. Teknik penarikan informan dalam penelitian ini adalah secara purposive. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan dua cara yaitu studi pustaka dan studi lapangan yang terdiri dari, observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh peneliti bahwa dari aspek/ dimensi Komunikasi, Disposisi, dan Struktur Birokrasi sudah berjalan dengan baik, namun dalam aspek Sumber Daya  hasilnya masih kurang baik, sehingga penulis berkesimpulan berdasarkan hasil informasi dari informan dan sesuai dengan fakta empirik dilapangan, bahwa pelaksanaan program Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) di Desa Lende Kecamatan Sirenja Kabuapten Donggala sudah cukup baik. Adapun faktor pendukung program tersebut, yaitu terjalinnya komunikasi yang baik antara pelaksana program dengan kelompok sasaran, komitmen serta bertanggung jawab, serta koordinasi yang baik dengan lembaga terkait dalam melaksanakan program tersebut sesusai dengan harapan masyarakat