An overview on the obsolescence of physical assets for the defence facing the challenges of industry 4.0 and the new operating environments

Libro en Open AccessThis contribution is intended to observe special features presented in physical assets for defence. Particularly, the management of defence assets has to consider not only the reliability, availability, maintainability and other factors frequently used in asset management. On the contrary, such systems should also take into account their adaptation to changing operating environments as well as their capability to changes on the technological context. This study approaches to the current real situation where, due to the diversity of conflicts in our international context, the same type of defence systems must be able to provide services under different boundary conditions in different areas of the globe. At the same time, new concepts from the Industry 4.0 provide quick changes that should be considered along the life cycle of a defence asset. As a finding or consequence, these variations in operating conditions and in technology may accelerate asset degradation by modifying its reliability, its up-to-date status and, in general terms, its end-of-life estimation, depending of course on a diversity of factors. This accelerated deterioration of the asset is often known as “obsolescence” and its implications are often evaluated (when possible), in terms of costs from different natures. The originality of this contribution is the introduction of a discussion on how a proper analysis may help to reduce errors and mistakes in the decision-making process regarding the suitability or not of repairing, replacing, or modernizing the asset or system under study. In other words, the obsolescence analysis, from a reliability and technological point of view, could be used to determine the conservation or not of a specific asset fleet, in order to understand the effects of operational and technology factors variation over the functionality and life cycle cost of physical assets for defence

Comportamiento del polietileno en un simulador de cadera

Se presentan los resultados del comportamiento friccional de cinco diferentes combinaciones de cabezas protésicas femorales y polietileno acetabular, investigadas en un simulador de cadera. Las cabezas femorales de aleaciones de Cr-Co-Mo, Cr-Co-Mo con implantación iónica y de cerámica de zirconia, se articularon con cotilos de polietileno de ultra-alto-peso molecular y se sometieron a tres millones de ciclos de marcha cada uno, utilizando un simulador de cadera de cinco estaciones. El desgaste de los cotilos protésicos, evaluado por mediciones gravimétricas demostró que cuando el espesor de polietileno era de 10,9 mm el desgaste producido por cabezas de Cr-Co-Mo de 28 mm era de 0,14 mm/año y de 0,09 mm/año si la cabeza utilizada era de 28 mm de aleación de Cr-Co- Mo con implantación iónica. Cuando el espesor del acetábulo era de 7 mm el desgaste ocasionado por cabezas de cerámica de zirconia de 28 mm fue de 0,04 mm/año; sin embargo si tenía espesor 10,9 mm y las cabezas de cerámica de zirconia eran de 28 y 32 mm, no aparecía desgaste alguno. Estos resultados indican que el diámetro de la cabeza de cerámica de 28 y 32 mm, parece no tener importancia alguna, pero sí la tiene el que el espesor del acetábulo protésico sea menor de 10 mm.Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) metal backed acetabular cups were articulated against Cr-Co-Mo alloy, ion implanted Cr-Co-Mo and zirconia ceramic femoral heads in a five station hip joint simulator, running three tests of three millions walking cycles with each one of the five different head-cup combinations. The wear rate of the acetabular cups was measured gravimetrically. When the thickness of the cup was 10.9 mm, the mean wear rate against 28 mm diameter Cr-Co-Mo femoral heads was 0.14 mm/year, and 0.09 mm/year 'when the cup was articulated against 28 mm ion implanted Cr-Co-Mo femoral heads. When the thickness of the cup was 7 mm the mean wear rate was 0.04 mm/year against 28 mm zirconia heads. The results indicate that significant reduction in the wear of the UHMWPE cup can be achieved when zirconia femoral head is used and that the diameter of the zirconia femoral head, 28 vs 32 mm, seems unimportant as wear factor. A cup thickness below 10 mm may result disadvantageous

Identifying phenotypes involved in susceptibility to Schistosoma mansoni infection in F1B6CBA mice

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.Schistosomiasis is a disease with a strong genetic component influenced by socioeconomic and ecological factors. Epidemiological studies have identified several genetic regions involved in the schistosomiasis susceptibility. However, it is not well known what physiological traits are predisposing to the disease. The study of experimental infections in inbred mouse strains with variable genetic susceptibility to the disease offers a good opportunity to tackle this question. F1B6CBA hybrid between the most divergent strains was infected in order to characterize the immunophenotypes that correlate with the susceptibility of schistosomiasis disease in mice. Complete blood counts and immunophenotype were determined at 0, 3, 6, and 9 weeks post infection. Nine weeks after cercariae exposure, animals were perfused and worm recovery was assessed. A large number of hepatic lesions, a reduction in the eosinophil and basophil count in the acute phase of infection and the decreased number of monocytes, neutrophils and B-lymphocytes are phenotypes associated with increased susceptibility to S. mansoni infection.The present study was supported by a grant from the Areces Foundation (2010–13) and funding of the Junta de Castilla y Leon (Orden EDU/330/2008).Peer Reviewe

Evolucion tectonotérmica del área metamórfica del SO de Salamanca (Zona Centroibérica O de España)

Los estudios realizados en el sector suroccidental de la provincia de Salamanca en el marco del Proyecto MAGNA, han permitido obtener nuevos datos sobre la estratigrafia, estructura y metamorfismo del potente y monotono conjunto de metasedimentos del Complejo Esquisto-grauvaquico que afloran en el Area. Estos materiales fueron sometidos a une deformaci6n hercinica polifasica cuyas estructuras pueden agruparse en tres fases principales de deformacion, ademas de otras tardias. La primera fase produce un tren de pliegues de longitud de onda kilometrica y de direccion NO-SE. Durante la segunda fase se desarrolla una zona de cizalla subhorizontal, de espesor kilometrico y con sentido de movimiento de bloque de techo hacia el Sureste. aue tiene caracter extensional. La tercera fase oroduce un re.o le-a emiento de las estructuras o r e vias, practicamente coaxial con la primera fase. Esta deformacion esta acompariada de un metamorfismo inicial de presiones intermedias que evoluciona posteriormente a otro de baja presión. El conjunto de los datos permite ser integrado en un modelo de evolución tectonotermal en el que el engrosamiento cortical, al que va asociado el metamorfismo de presiones intermedias, se ve interrumpido por un colapso extensional controlado por la zona de cizalla de segunda fase, responsable del gradiente metamórfico de bajas presiones. [ABSTRACT] A new set of data concerning the stratigraphy, structure and metamorphism of the monotonous Schist and Graywacke Complex, exposed in the southwestern Salamanca province, have been made available as an outgrowh of studies undertaken in the framework of the MAGNA Project. In structural terms, these allow characterization of the Hercynian orogeny as a polyphase event with three main phases of deformation and some late phases of less importance. The first phase was responsible forthe formation of NW-SE striking folds with kilometric wavelengths. A kilometre scale thick, extensional shear zone with downthrown to the SE of the hangingwall characterizes the second phase. The third phase in turn, roughly coaxial with the first one. resulted in a refoldino of the oreviouslv formed structures. This deformation seouence devolooed under initial metamordhic conditions of an iniermediaie pressuie type and evolved subsequently to a lowi pressure regime. The tectonothermal evolution of this area is thus envisaged in response to an initial crustal thickening event. The one associated to the intermediate pressure metamophic regimen, subsequently interrumpted by an extensional collapse of the thickened crust, controlled by the second phase shear zone. This is held responsible for the shift to the lower pressure metamorphic conditions which dominated the second part of the evolution

Valoración reproductiva de toros jóvenes de testaje de raza Parda de montaña

raza Parda de montañaPublishe

Tamarix minoa (Tamaricaceae), a new species from the island of Crete (Greece) based on morphological and plastid molecular sequence data

Tamarix minoa is described from material collected on the S Aegean island of Crete (Kriti), Greece. A morphological comparison with the species considered to be closest, T. africana and T. hampeana, is provided. An original illustration showing the main morphological characters of the new species is also given, as are photographs of the new species in its habitat. The isolated phylogenetic position of T. minoa is shown to be strongly supported by plastid molecular sequence data (trnS-trnG, trnQ-rps16 and ndhF-rpl32), thus warranting its recognition at specific rank.National Geographic Society, research project “Human recreation versus plant diversity on maritime sands in Crete” (NGS grant no. 8573-08). The FPU programme (Mº de Educación, Spain), the I+D+I project CGL2008-05056 (Mº de Educación y Ciencia, Spanish Government), the project OAPN 354-2011 (Mº de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, Spanish Government) and complementary supporting funds ACIE10-01, ACIE11-05 and ACIE13-08 (University of Alicante, Spain)

Evaluación del serodiagnóstico en el absceso hepático amebiano

fase de la evaluación. El estudio de este grupo nos ayudaría a obtener valores reales de sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos y nos darían una estimación real de la capacidad discriminatoria de la prueba para obtener el verdadero valor del área bajo la curva y no el casi ideal que informamos aquí. Summary This study was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of a serological test for amebic liver abscess (ALA) in an endemic amoebiasis area. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect specific IgG against Entamoeba histolytica using a solid phase with high adherent capacity was applied.El presente estudio fue diseñado para evaluar la eficacia del diagnóstico serológico del absceso hepático amibiano (AHA). Se utilizó una prueba de ELISA para la detección en suero de IgG especifica, utilizando una fase sólida con una alta capacidad de adherencia. Se estudiaron 147 personas; 22 pacientes con sospecha clínica y ultrasonográfica de AHA, 30 individuos completamente sanos, 9 portadores asintomáticos de E. histolytica, 35 con colitis amebiana pasada, 35 con otras parasitosis intestinales, 9 con otras patologías hepáticas y 6 con colitis amebiana presente. El rendimiento global de la prueba fue analizado por medio de las curvas del receptor-operador y del área bajo la curva. Se determinó que existe una diferencia significativa en la densidad óptica (DO) de los siete grupos estudiados (Kruskal-Wallis entre todos los grupos: p=0,0001); esta diferencia no existe cuando, al comparar, se elimina el grupo 1 del análisis (Kruskal-Wallis exceptuando el grupo 1: p=0,8203). El área bajo la curva ROC fue igual a 0,9941, dato muy cercano al ideal que es 1. Se recomienda la utilización de esta fase sólida teniendo en cuenta la importancia de la fase de bloqueo con albúmina de huevo. Se determinó que, a pesar de estar en una zona donde el diagnóstico de amebiasis es frecuente, las infecciones intestinales por esta ameba no presentan niveles detectables de IgG especifica contra E. histolytica por esta prueba. Sin embargo, es importante ampliar la cantidad de personas estudiadas en estos grupos, principalmente, en el grupo de pacientes con otras patologías hepáticas puesto que este grupo incluye las entidades clínicas con las que realmente se debe hacer el diagnóstico diferencial de (AHA) (absceso hepático piógeno (AHP), principalmente) para poder realizar la última fase de la evaluación. El estudio de este grupo nos ayudaría a obtener valores reales de sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos y nos darían una estimación real de la capacidad discriminatoria de la prueba para obtener el verdadero valor del área bajo la curva y no el casi ideal que informamos aquí

Situación actual del banco de recursos genéticos de la raza bovina Serrana de Teruel

raza Serrana de TeruelPublishe

Disminución de la reserva de flujo coronario en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca no isquémica

Introduction and objectives. Coronary flow reserve (CFR) is impaired not only in ischemic heart disease, but also in cardiac diseases that may or may not course with heart failure. The aim of the present study was to determine if the severity of heart failure can influence CFR impairment. Methods. Forty patients with non-ischemic heart disease and heart failure were studied 41 times. Four groups were established: 1. 10 patients in functional class III-IV; 2. 10 patients in functional class II not taking beta-blockers; 3. 11 patients in class II treated with carvedilol, and 4. 10 patients in class I. These patients had a history of heart failure and systolic dysfunction. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured with positron emission tomography (PET) and N-13 ammonia at rest (r) and during adenosine triphosphate (ATP) infusion. Results. MBF and CFR were significantly higher in group 4 (1.95 ± 0.58 and 2.40 ± 0.95 ml/min/g) than in group 1 (1.02 ± 0.52 and 1.46 ± 0.48 ml/min/g). CFR tended to be higher in groups 2 (1.73 ± 0.72), and 3 (1.89 ± 0.75) vs group 1. No significant correlation was found between CFR and the following variables: age, systolic blood pressure, ventricular mass index, ventricular volume indexes, and ejection fraction. Conclusions. Coronary microvascular function is impaired in non-ischemic heart failure, and the impairment is related to functional class, regardless of the underlying responsible heart disease

Identificación, detección y diagnóstico de estilos de aprendizaje en el alumnado del Grado de Pedagogía

Ponencia presentada en: VI Jornadas de Innovación Docente de la UBU, Burgos, 23 y 24 de febrero de 2012, organizadas por el Instituto de Formación e Innovación Educativa-IFIE de la Universidad de Burgo