The Chemical Composition of Cernis 52 (BD+31 640)

We present an abundance analysis of the star Cernis 52 in whose spectrum we recently reported the napthalene cation in absorption at 6707.4 {\AA}. This star is on a line of sight to the Perseus molecular complex. The analysis of high-resolution spectra using a chi^2-minimization procedure and a grid of synthetic spectra provides the stellar parameters and the abundances of O, Mg, Si, S, Ca, and Fe. The stellar parameters of this star are found to be T_{eff} = 8350 +- 200 K, logg= 4.2 +- 0.4 dex. We derived a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.01 +- 0.15. These stellar parameters are consistent with a star of $\sim 2$ \Msun in a pre-main-sequence evolutionary stage. The stellar spectrum is significantly veiled in the spectral range 5150-6730 {\AA} up to almost 55 per cent of the total flux at 5150 {\AA} and decreasing towards longer wavelengths. Using Johnson-Cousins and 2MASS photometric data, we determine a distance to Cernis 52 of 231$^{+135}_{-85}$ pc considering the error bars of the stellar parameters. This determination places the star at a similar distance to the young cluster IC 348. This together with its radial velocity, v_r=13.7+-1 km/s, its proper motion and probable young age support Cernis 52 as a likely member of IC 348. We determine a rotational velocity of v\sin i=65 +- 5 km/s for this star. We confirm that the stellar resonance line of \ion{Li}{1} at 6707.8 {\AA} is unable to fit the broad feature at 6707.4 {\AA}. This feature should have a interstellar origin and could possibly form in the dark cloud L1470 surrounding all the cluster IC 348 at about the same distance.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

Entropy and equilibrium state of free market models

Many recent models of trade dynamics use the simple idea of wealth exchanges among economic agents in order to obtain a stable or equilibrium distribution of wealth among the agents. In particular, a plain analogy compares the wealth in a society with the energy in a physical system, and the trade between agents to the energy exchange between molecules during collisions. In physical systems, the energy exchange among molecules leads to a state of equipartition of the energy and to an equilibrium situation where the entropy is a maximum. On the other hand, in the majority of exchange models, the system converges to a very unequal condensed state, where one or a few agents concentrate all the wealth of the society while the wide majority of agents shares zero or almost zero fraction of the wealth. So, in those economic systems a minimum entropy state is attained. We propose here an analytical model where we investigate the effects of a particular class of economic exchanges that minimize the entropy. By solving the model we discuss the conditions that can drive the system to a state of minimum entropy, as well as the mechanisms to recover a kind of equipartition of wealth

Desarrollo de una herramienta de análisis de los parámetros técnicos de los subtítulos y estudio diacrónico de series estadounidenses de televisión en DVD

[ES]La primera parte del presente trabajo de investigación presenta un repaso a los diferentes criterios aplicados por académicos, instituciones, profesionales y aplicaciones de subtitulado a la hora de evaluar los parámetros técnicos de los subtítulos en los textos audiovisuales. Dicho repaso revela una clara falta de homogeneidad en lo relativo a los valores límite para los diferentes parámetros, lo que lleva a la propuesta de un criterio propio de evaluación que minimice las desigualdades encontradas en la etapa de análisis. A continuación se procede a integrar dicho criterio en el marco de una herramienta informática diseñada para el análisis de los subtítulos que permita el manejo de corpus de textos audiovisuales de grandes dimensiones. La segunda parte del trabajo presenta un estudio de los parámetros técnicos de un corpus de más de un millón y medio de subtítulos en español e inglés de diferentes series estadounidenses de televisión emitidas entre los años 2000 y 2010 y publicadas en DVD en España. Para el análisis se ha empleado la herramienta informática desarrollada en la primera parte, y en él se determina el grado de adecuación de los subtítulos con respecto a los valores fijados en los parámetros técnicos de la velocidad máxima de lectura de los subtítulos y la duración de la pausa mínima existente entre dos subtítulos consecutivos. Los resultados de dicho análisis demuestran la existencia de una corriente dentro de la práctica profesional que se aparta de los cánones establecidos y analizados en detalle en la primera parte del trabajo.[EN]The first part of this research paper presents an overview of the different criteria used by academic institutions, professionals and subtitling applications when evaluating the technical parameters of the subtitles in audiovisual texts. This review reveals a distinct lack of uniformity with regard to the limit values ​​for the various parameters, leading to a proposed evaluation criterion that minimizes itself inequalities found in the analysis stage. Then we proceed to integrate this approach in the context of a software tool designed for the analysis of the subtitles that allows managing audiovisual text corpus large. The second part of the paper presents a study of the technical parameters of a corpus of over a million and a half in Spanish and English subtitles of different American TV series issued between 2000 and 2010 and released on DVD in Spain. For the analysis we have used the tool developed in the first part, and it determines the appropriateness of the subtitle with respect to the values ​​specified in the technical parameters of the speed of reading the subtitles and duration of minimum break between two consecutive subtitles. The results of this analysis demonstrate the existence of a current within professional practice that deviates from the guidelines established and analyzed in detail in the first part of the work

Do traditional livestock systems fit into contemporary landscapes? Integrating social perceptions and values on landscape change

European traditional cultural landscapes are increasingly modified by rural abandonment and urban growth processes. Acknowledged as of High Nature Value for providing multiple ecosystem services while contributing to human well-being, the future of these social-ecological systems is uncertain. Here we aim to (1) explore dominant land use and cover (LULC) changes linked to extensive livestock farming across an urban-rural gradient defined by a large city (Madrid) over the last three decades; (2) identify and classify the main driving forces shaping these landscape trajectories and; (3) acknowledge the main landscape values for promoting landscape stewardship under participatory governance frameworks. For doing so, we combine mapping analyses (CORINE Land cover) with stakeholder perceptions and positions. Our results show a dual process of progressive abandonment of agroecosystems linked to traditional livestock farming and an ever-increasing urban growth over the last three decades as the most important driving forces. The growing urban sprawl in areas close to Madrid begins to be perceived as problematic for interviewees. The decline of extensive livestock farming in detriment of tourism, particularly evident in rural areas far from Madrid, is perceived as a threat to the cultural heritage and traditions of rural people. This decline is also perceived as a worrying increase of wildfire risk. Stakeholders stressed the need of valuing extensive livestock farming to prevent rural-urban migration, dynamizing rural economies, conserving landscapes and traditions while producing food-quality products. Interviewees advocated for science-based, stakeholder-inclusive and participatory landscape planning and co-management, leading to more context-specific, regionalized policymakin

S wave velocity structure below central Mexico using high-resolution surface wave tomography

Shear wave velocity of the crust below central Mexico is estimated using surface wave dispersion measurements from regional earthquakes recorded on a dense, 500 km long linear seismic network. Vertical components of regional records from 90 well-located earthquakes were used to compute Rayleigh-wave group-velocity dispersion curves. A tomographic inversion, with high resolution in a zone close to the array, obtained for periods between 5 and 50 s reveals significant differences relative to a reference model, especially at larger periods (>30 s). A 2-D S wave velocity model is obtained from the inversion of local dispersion curves that were reconstructed from the tomographic solutions. The results show large differences, especially in the lower crust, among back-arc, volcanic arc, and fore-arc regions; they also show a well-resolved low-velocity zone just below the active part of the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) suggesting the presence of a mantle wedge. Low densities in the back arc, inferred from the low shear wave velocities, can provide isostatic support for the TMVB

How Is Functional Food Advertising Understood? An Approximation in University Students

In functional food advertising, messages are not always easily understandable for the target audience. Current European legislation, enforced through Regulation 1924/2006, specifies that such messages should be clear and precise so as not to mislead the consumer. The objective of this study was to observe consumers’ understanding of messages in functional food advertisements. The methodology used was a self-administered survey filled out by 191 students enrolled in a Degree in Advertising and Public Relations at the University of Alicante (Spain). The results suggest that a large number of students do not know what functional food is and obtain information about these products mainly from labelling/packaging. The major means of communication through which they learn about health benefits via advertising is the internet, followed by television. Most respondents indicated that they understood related advertisements and found it helpful to be given additional information on health benefits. Worthy of note, the greater their level of understanding of the messages, the higher their level of distrust of advertising messages, which they considered to be deceptive or misleading.This research was conducted under the R&D&i project “Reclamos de salud en la publicidad de alimentos y comprensión del consumidor” (“Health claims in food advertising and consumer understanding”-GV/2016/088), funded by the Generalitat Valenciana, Spain and directed by Cristina González Díaz

Magnetic Field scaling of Relaxation curves in Small Particle Systems

We study the effects of the magnetic field on the relaxation of the magnetization of small monodomain non-interacting particles with random orientations and distribution of anisotropy constants. Starting from a master equation, we build up an expression for the time dependence of the magnetization which takes into account thermal activation only over barriers separating energy minima, which, in our model, can be computed exactly from analytical expressions. Numerical calculations of the relaxation curves for different distribution widths, and under different magnetic fields H and temperatures T, have been performed. We show how a \svar scaling of the curves, at different T and for a given H, can be carried out after proper normalization of the data to the equilibrium magnetization. The resulting master curves are shown to be closely related to what we call effective energy barrier distributions, which, in our model, can be computed exactly from analytical expressions. The concept of effective distribution serves us as a basis for finding a scaling variable to scale relaxation curves at different H and a given T, thus showing that the field dependence of energy barriers can be also extracted from relaxation measurements.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

La identidad censurada : representación y manipulación de la homosexualidad en la obra Té y simpatía

This article analyzes the consequences of the acts of censorship on the representation of homosexual identity. To do so, we carry out an English- Spanish contrastive study of the American play Tea and Sympathy (1953), by Robert Anderson, and its cinema adaptation in 1956. We will start from the concept of ?censorship? which Butler presents to examine the sexually connoted lexical selection that has been chosen for both languages, together with the omissions, the semantic and syntactic structures and even the plot alterations applied by censors in order to assess the representation of reality and the asymmetries that are created in the process of translation according to the heterocentric symbolic systems that prevailed at the historical context. Keywords: censorship; identity; homosexuality; Tea and Sympathy