Validation of 525 nm and 1020 nm aerosol extinction profiles derived from ACE imager data: comparisons with GOMOS, SAGE II, SAGE III, POAM III, and OSIRIS

International audienceThe Canadian ACE (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment) mission is dedicated to the retrieval of a large number of atmospheric trace gas species using the solar occultation technique in the infrared and UV/visible spectral domain. However, two additional solar disk imagers (at 525 nm and 1020 nm) were added for a number of reasons, including the retrieval of aerosol and cloud products. In this paper, we present the first validation results for these imager aerosol/cloud optical extinction coefficient profiles, by intercomparison with profiles derived from measurements performed by 3 solar occultation instruments (SAGE II, SAGE III, POAM III), one stellar occultation instrument (GOMOS) and one limb sounder (OSIRIS). The results indicate that the ACE imager profiles are of good quality in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere, although the aerosol extinction for the visible channel at 525 nm contains a significant negative bias at higher altitudes, while the profiles are systematically too high at 1020 nm. Both problems are probably related to ACE imager instrumental issues

Embracing context: Lessons from designing a dialogue-based intervention to address vaccine hesitancy.

Dialogue with people who are vaccine hesitant has been recommended as a method to increase vaccination uptake. The process of cultivating dialogue is shaped by the context in which it occurs, yet the development of interventions addressing vaccine hesitancy with dialogue often overlooks the role of context and favors relatively fixed solutions. This reflexive paper shares three key lessons related to context for dialogue-based interventions. These lessons emerged during a participatory research project to develop a pilot intervention to create open dialogue among healthcare workers in Belgium about COVID-19 vaccination concerns. Through a mixed methods study consisting of in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and surveys, we engaged healthcare workers in the design, testing, and evaluation of a digital platform featuring text-based and video-based (face-to-face) interactions. The lessons are: (1) what dialogue means, entails, and requires can vary for a population and context, (2) inherent tension exists between helping participants voice (and overcome) their concerns and exposing them to others' ideas that may exacerbate those concerns, and (3) interactional exchanges (e.g., with peers or experts) that matter to participants may shape the dialogue in terms of its content and form. We suggest that having a discovery-orientation-meaning to work not only inductively and iteratively but also reflexively-is a necessary part of the development of dialogue-based interventions. Our case also sheds light on the influences between: dialogue topic/content, socio-political landscape, population, intervention aim, dialogue form, ethics, researcher position, and types of interactional exchanges

Validation of ozone measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)

This paper presents extensive bias determination analyses of ozone observations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite instruments: the ACE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and the Measurement of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (ACE-MAESTRO) instrument. Here we compare the latest ozone data products from ACE-FTS and ACE-MAESTRO with coincident observations from nearly 20 satellite-borne, airborne, balloon-borne and ground-based instruments, by analysing volume mixing ratio profiles and partial column densities. The ACE-FTS version 2.2 Ozone Update product reports more ozone than most correlative measurements from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere. At altitude levels from 16 to 44 km, the average values of the mean relative differences are nearly all within +1 to +8%. At higher altitudes (45 60 km), the ACE-FTS ozone amounts are significantly larger than those of the comparison instruments, with mean relative differences of up to +40% (about + 20% on average). For the ACE-MAESTRO version 1.2 ozone data product, mean relative differences are within +/- 10% (average values within +/- 6%) between 18 and 40 km for both the sunrise and sunset measurements. At higher altitudes (similar to 35-55 km), systematic biases of opposite sign are found between the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise and sunset observations. While ozone amounts derived from the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise occultation data are often smaller than the coincident observations (with mean relative differences down to -10%), the sunset occultation profiles for ACE-MAESTRO show results that are qualitatively similar to ACE-FTS, indicating a large positive bias (mean relative differences within +10 to +30%) in the 45-55 km altitude range. In contrast, there is no significant systematic difference in bias found for the ACE-FTS sunrise and sunset measurements

The status of platinum anticancer drugs in the clinic and in clinical trials

Since its approval in 1979 cisplatin has become an important component in chemotherapy regimes for the treatment of ovarian, testicular, lung and bladder cancers, as well as lymphomas, myelomas and melanoma. Unfortunately its continued use is greatly limited by severe dose limiting side effects and intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Over the last 30 years, 23 other platinum-based drugs have entered clinical trials with only two (carboplatin and oxaliplatin) of these gaining international marketing approval, and another three (nedaplatin, lobaplatin and heptaplatin) gaining approval in individual nations. During this time there have been more failures than successes with the development of 14 drugs being halted during clinical trials. Currently there are four drugs in the various phases of clinical trial (satraplatin, picoplatin, LipoplatinTM and ProLindacTM). No new small molecule platinum drug has entered clinical trials since 1999 which is representative of a shift in focus away from drug design and towards drug delivery in the last decade. In this perspective article we update the status of platinum anticancer drugs currently approved for use, those undergoing clinical trials and those discontinued during clinical trials, and discuss the results in the context of where we believe the field will develop over the next decade

PLACE DE LA CHIMIOTHERAPIE DANS LE TRAITEMENT DES SARCOMES DES TISSUS MOUS: REVUE DE LA LITTERATURE RECENTE

SCOPUS: NotDefined.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Congenital varicella zoster infection related to maternal disease in early pregnancy

Varicella in a newborn with scarring cutaneous lesions and symptoms of neurological damage occurred following maternal varicella at the 14th-19th wk of pregnancy. A high titer of complement fixing antibodies to varicella virus was found at birth, decreasing to a low level at 6 mth of age and then increasing. Neutralizing antibodies to herpes simplex viruses types I and II were not present. Electron microscopy demonstrated viral particles of the herpes group in the fluid of a zoster vesicle in the 10th wk of life. Neuromotor disturbances affecting deglutition resulted in recurring aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, marasmus and death.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Metabolism and Disposition of Menogaril (NSC 269148) in the Rabbit

We have investigated the metabolism and disposition, in rabbits, of menogaril (7-OMEN), a new anthracycline antibiotic recently introduced into clinical trials. 7-OMEN was administered by rapid i.v. injection at a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg. 7-OMEN and metabolites were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography. Plasma concentrations of 7-OMEN declined in biexponential fashion with a terminal half-life of 2.7 h. The area under the plasma concentration versus time curve was 1.3 µM × h. The systemic clearance of 7-OMEN was 57.6 ml/min/kg. No metabolite of 7-OMEN was detected in plasma. At 8 h after treatment, the cumulative urinary and biliary excretions of 7-OMEN equivalents amounted to 1.3 and 3.4% of the total administered dose, respectively. 7-OMEN was the predominant fluorescent compound in urine, but four metabolites were also seen. In bile, 7-OMEN represented only 9.6% of the cumulative excretion and six metabolites were observed. Among the organs, lungs contained the highest concentrations of parent drug. Substantial concentrations of metabolites were observed in the kidneys, liver, duodenum, and small intestine. Three of the observed metabolites of 7-OMEN have been tentatively identified as N-demethylmenogaril, 7-deoxynogarol, and N-demethyl-7-deoxynogarol

Metabolism and Disposition of Menogaril (NSC 269148) in the Rabbit

We have investigated the metabolism and disposition, in rabbits, of menogaril (7-OMEN), a new anthracycline antibiotic recently introduced into clinical trials. 7-OMEN was administered by rapid i.v. injection at a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg. 7-OMEN and metabolites were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography. Plasma concentrations of 7-OMEN declined in biexponential fashion with a terminal half-life of 2.7 h. The area under the plasma concentration versus time curve was 1.3 µM × h. The systemic clearance of 7-OMEN was 57.6 ml/min/kg. No metabolite of 7-OMEN was detected in plasma. At 8 h after treatment, the cumulative urinary and biliary excretions of 7-OMEN equivalents amounted to 1.3 and 3.4% of the total administered dose, respectively. 7-OMEN was the predominant fluorescent compound in urine, but four metabolites were also seen. In bile, 7-OMEN represented only 9.6% of the cumulative excretion and six metabolites were observed. Among the organs, lungs contained the highest concentrations of parent drug. Substantial concentrations of metabolites were observed in the kidneys, liver, duodenum, and small intestine. Three of the observed metabolites of 7-OMEN have been tentatively identified as N-demethylmenogaril, 7-deoxynogarol, and N-demethyl-7-deoxynogarol