Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH). Pautas para el profesorado.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo profundizar en el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH). Este trastorno se caracteriza por tener una alta prevalencia en la edad escolar y se manifiesta en dos categorías principales: inatención e hiperactividad-impulsividad. Partiendo de una revisión teórica sobre los principales elementos que lo definen, se analizan los impactos educativos que conlleva y las estrategias docentes a tener en cuenta para su mejora. En el capítulo I, se expone una aproximación al trastorno teniendo en cuenta los dos sistemas internacionales de clasificación más utilizados en la actualidad, el CIE-10 y el DSM-V. Se aborda su prevalencia, la comorbilidad con otros trastornos y el tipo de intervención que guía su tratamiento. En un segundo capítulo, se estudia el impacto en el rendimiento académico, en las relaciones sociales y en el autoconcepto de los alumnos con TDAH. Para terminar, se proponen algunas de las técnicas o estrategias cognitivo-conductuales que el profesorado puede utilizar para paliar los efectos negativos del trastorno. El tratamiento multimodal, que incluye de manera simultánea intervención psicoeducativa y farmacológica se presenta como el de mayor efectividad. En esta línea, se facilitan pautas para que el profesorado pueda trabajar desde el aula con el fin de dar respuesta a las necesidades educativas que manifiestan los alumnos con TDAH

Simulation of quench detection algorithms for Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin SRF cavities

The Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin is carrying out two accelerator projects which make use of high gradient Continuous Wave CW Superconducting Radiofrequency SRF cavities bERLinPro and BESSY VSR. In both projects, a prompt detection of a quench is crucial to avoid damages in the cryomodules and cavities themselves. In this paper, the response of real time estimation of the cavity parameters using the transmitted and forward RF signals is simulated, in order to perform the quench detection. The time response of the estimated half bandwidth is compared with the dissipated energy in the cavity walls for the different type of SRF cavities used in both projects, i.e., bERLinPro s photoinjector, booster and linac, and BESSY VSR 1.5 GHz and 1.75 GHz cavities. As an intermediate step prior to the implementation in an mTCA.4 system together with the LLRF control and test with a real cavity, the algorithm has been implemented using a National Instruments FPGA board to check its proper behavio

GeromiRs Are Downregulated in the Tumor Microenvironment during Colon Cancer Colonization of the Liver in a Murine Metastasis Model

Cancer is a phenomenon broadly related to ageing in various ways such as cell cycle deregulation, metabolic defects or telomerases dysfunction as principal processes. Although the tumor cell is the main actor in cancer progression, it is not the only element of the disease. Cells and the matrix surrounding the tumor, called the tumor microenvironment (TME), play key roles in cancer progression. Phenotypic changes of the TME are indispensable for disease progression and a few of these transformations are produced by epigenetic changes including miRNA dysregulation. In this study, we found that a specific group of miRNAs in the liver TME produced by colon cancer called geromiRs, which are miRNAs related to the ageing process, are significantly downregulated. The three principal cell types involved in the liver TME, namely, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate (Ito) cells and Kupffer cells, were isolated from a murine hepatic metastasis model, and the miRNA and gene expression profiles were studied. From the 115 geromiRs and their associated hallmarks of aging, which we compiled from the literature, 75 were represented in the used microarrays, 26 out of them were downregulated in the TME cells during colon cancer colonization of the liver, and none of them were upregulated. The histone modification hallmark of the downregulated geromiRs is significantly enriched with the geromiRs miR-15a, miR-16, miR-26a, miR-29a, miR-29b and miR-29c. We built a network of all of the geromiRs downregulated in the TME cells and their gene targets from the MirTarBase database, and we analyzed the expression of these geromiR gene targets in the TME. We found that Cercam and Spsb4, identified as prognostic markers in a few cancer types, are associated with downregulated geromiRs and are upregulated in the TME cells.This work was supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (AC17/00012), cofounded by the European Union projects (European Regional Development Fund/European Science Foundation, Investing in your future), (ERA-Net program EracoSysMed, JTC-2 2017) and (H2020-FETOPEN, Circular Vision, Project 899417); Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa and the Department of Economic Development and Infrastructures of the Basque Government (DFG109/20) and the Department of Economic Development and Infrastructures of the Basque Government (DFG109/Grants Health Department of the Basque Government (Spain), RIS3 call, Exp. No. 2020333039 and 2020333001. 20)

Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory in Massively Parallel Computer Architectures: The Octopus Project

Octopus is a general-purpose density-functional theory (DFT) code, with a particular emphasis on the time-dependent version of DFT (TDDFT). In this paper we present the ongoing efforts to achieve the parallelization of octopus. We focus on the real-time variant of TDDFT, where the time-dependent Kohn–Sham equations are directly propagated in time. This approach has great potential for execution in massively parallel systems such as modern supercomputers with thousands of processors and graphics processing units (GPUs). For harvesting the potential of conventional supercomputers, the main strategy is a multi-level parallelization scheme that combines the inherent scalability of real-time TDDFT with a real-space grid domain-partitioning approach. A scalable Poisson solver is critical for the efficiency of this scheme. For GPUs, we show how using blocks of Kohn–Sham states provides the required level of data parallelism and that this strategy is also applicable for code optimization on standard processors. Our results show that real-time TDDFT, as implemented in octopus, can be the method of choice for studying the excited states of large molecular systems in modern parallel architectures.Chemistry and Chemical Biolog

A loss-of-function allele of a TAC1-like gene (SlTAC1) located on tomato chromosome 10 is a candidate for the Erectoid leaf (Erl) mutation

The genetic basis of an erectoid leaf phenotype was investigated in distinct tomato breeding populations, including one derived from Solanum lycopersicum ‘LT05’ (with the erectoid leaf phenotype and uniform ripening, genotype uu) × S. pimpinellifollium ‘TO-937’ (with the wild-type leaf phenotype and green fruit shoulder, genotype UU). The erectoid leaf phenotype was inherited as a semi-dominant trait and it co-segregated with the u allele of gene SlGLK2 (Solyc10g008160). This genomic location coincides with a previously described semi-dominant mutation named as Erectoid leaf (Erl). The genomes of ‘LT05’, ‘TO-937’, and three other unrelated accessions (with the wild-type Erl+ allele) were resequenced with the aim of identifying candidate genes. Comparative genomic analyses, including the reference genome ‘Heinz 1706’ (Erl+ allele), identified an Erectoid leaf-specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene Solyc10g009320. This SNP caused a change of a glutamine codon (present in all the wild-type genomes) to a TAA (= ochre stop-codon) in the Erl allele, resulting in a smaller version of the predicted mutant protein (221 vs. 279 amino acids). Solyc10g009320, previously annotated as an ‘unknown protein’, was identified as a TILLER ANGLE CONTROL1-like gene. Linkage between the Erl and Solyc10g009320 was confirmed via Sanger sequencing of the PCR amplicons of the two variant alleles. No recombinants were detected in 265 F2 individuals. Contrasting S7 near-isogenic lines were also homozygous for each of the alternate alleles, reinforcing Solyc10g009320 as a strong Erl candidate gene and opening the possibility for fine-tuning manipulation of tomato architecture in breeding programs

Comprehensive description of clinical characteristics of a large systemic Lupus Erythematosus Cohort from the Spanish Rheumatology Society Lupus Registry (RELESSER) with emphasis on complete versus incomplete lupus differences

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple organ involvement and pronounced racial and ethnic heterogeneity. The aims of the present work were (1) to describe the cumulative clinical characteristics of those patients included in the Spanish Rheumatology Society SLE Registry (RELESSER), focusing on the differences between patients who fulfilled the 1997 ACR-SLE criteria versus those with less than 4 criteria (hereafter designated as incomplete SLE (iSLE)) and (2) to compare SLE patient characteristics with those documented in other multicentric SLE registries. RELESSER is a multicenter hospital-based registry, with a collection of data from a large, representative sample of adult patients with SLE (1997 ACR criteria) seen at Spanish rheumatology departments. The registry includes demographic data, comprehensive descriptions of clinical manifestations, as well as information about disease activity and severity, cumulative damage, comorbidities, treatments and mortality, using variables with highly standardized definitions. A total of 4.024 SLE patients (91% with ≥4 ACR criteria) were included. Ninety percent were women with a mean age at diagnosis of 35.4 years and a median duration of disease of 11.0 years. As expected, most SLE manifestations were more frequent in SLE patients than in iSLE ones and every one of the ACR criteria was also associated with SLE condition; this was particularly true of malar rash, oral ulcers and renal disorder. The analysis-adjusted by gender, age at diagnosis, and disease duration-revealed that higher disease activity, damage and SLE severity index are associated with SLE [OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.08-1.20 (P < 0.001); 1.29; 95% CI: 1.15-1.44 (P < 0.001); and 2.10; 95% CI: 1.83-2.42 (P < 0.001), respectively]. These results support the hypothesis that iSLE behaves as a relative stable and mild disease. SLE patients from the RELESSER register do not appear to differ substantially from other Caucasian populations and although activity [median SELENA-SLEDA: 2 (IQ: 0-4)], damage [median SLICC/ACR/DI: 1 (IQ: 0-2)], and severity [median KATZ index: 2 (IQ: 1-3)] scores were low, 1 of every 4 deaths was due to SLE activity. RELESSER represents the largest European SLE registry established to date, providing comprehensive, reliable and updated information on SLE in the southern European population

Cómo poner puertas al campo : tres revisiones panorámicas sobre el uso de biomarcadores en prevención personalizada de enfermedades crónicas

Se incluye PDF de la presentación y vídeo del seminario.El seminario trata de dar respuesta a qué biomarcadores hay disponibles o en desarrollo para la prevención personalizada de enfermedades crónicas en la población general. Las revisiones realizadas resumen las principales características y conclusiones de la bibliografía sobre este tema. Abarca los tres principales grupos de enfermedades crónicas:11 tipos de cáncer, 9 enfermedades cardiovasculares y 7 enfermedades neurodegenerativas.N

Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH). Pautas para el profesorado.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo profundizar en el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH). Este trastorno se caracteriza por tener una alta prevalencia en la edad escolar y se manifiesta en dos categorías principales: inatención e hiperactividad-impulsividad. Partiendo de una revisión teórica sobre los principales elementos que lo definen, se analizan los impactos educativos que conlleva y las estrategias docentes a tener en cuenta para su mejora. En el capítulo I, se expone una aproximación al trastorno teniendo en cuenta los dos sistemas internacionales de clasificación más utilizados en la actualidad, el CIE-10 y el DSM-V. Se aborda su prevalencia, la comorbilidad con otros trastornos y el tipo de intervención que guía su tratamiento. En un segundo capítulo, se estudia el impacto en el rendimiento académico, en las relaciones sociales y en el autoconcepto de los alumnos con TDAH. Para terminar, se proponen algunas de las técnicas o estrategias cognitivo-conductuales que el profesorado puede utilizar para paliar los efectos negativos del trastorno. El tratamiento multimodal, que incluye de manera simultánea intervención psicoeducativa y farmacológica se presenta como el de mayor efectividad. En esta línea, se facilitan pautas para que el profesorado pueda trabajar desde el aula con el fin de dar respuesta a las necesidades educativas que manifiestan los alumnos con TDAH