The meaning of Bildung in the school of future.

Bacheloroppgave, grunnskolelærerutdanning, 2018.Norsk: Danning har nå fått en større plass i læreplanen for grunnskolen og videregående opplæring (Kunnskapsdepartementet, 2017). Samtidig er dannelsesbegrepet et utydelig begrep som skaper mye forvirring blant lærere så vel som andre skolearbeidere (Stølen, 2017). Denne bacheloroppgaven er derfor en litteraturstudie av dannelsesbegrepet i en skolesammenheng. Med utgangspunkt i problemstillingen «På hvilken måte kan skolen drive dannelse, og hvordan kan dette styrke elevene faglig så vel som sosialt?», forsøkes det å gi en praktisk forståelse for hva dannelsesoppdraget i skolen innebærer for dagens så vel som fremtidens lærere. I første hoveddel presenteres og drøftes ulike dannelseslitteratur, med det formål å gi en økt forståelse for dannelsesbegrepet. I andre hoveddel presenteres så noen paradokser ved dagens undervisningspraksis, sett i lys av det dannelsesoppdraget dagens lærere har. I tredje og siste hoveddel, drøftes det så hvordan lærere kan drive dannelse i skolen samt hvorfor dette er viktig. Dette gjøres med utgangspunkt i tre temaer fra den nye overordnede delen av læreplanen.English: Bildung has now received a bigger place in the curriculum for secondary school and upper secondary school (Kunnskapsdepartementet, 2017). At the same time, the concept of Bildung is an unclear term that creates a lot of confusion among teachers as well as other school workers (Stølen, 2017). This bachelor thesis is therefore a literature study of the concept of Bildung in a school context. Based on the topic question «In what way can the school implement Bildung, and how can this strengthen the students professionally as well as socially?», it is attempted to give a practical understanding of what the Bildung assignment in the school implies for today’s and future teachers. In the first major part, different Bildung literature is presented and discussed, with the purpose of giving a better understanding of the concept of Bildung. In the second major part, some paradoxes in today’s teaching practice are presented, in view of the Bildung assignment of today’s teachers. In the third and final major part, it is discussed how teachers can do Bildung in school practical, and why this is important. This part is based on three themes from the new overall part of the curriculum

Genetic diversity within and among Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) farmed in marine cages: a proof-of-concept study for the identification of escapees

This study presents a molecular genetic characterization of Atlantic cod reared in commercial marine farms. Samples consisted of approximately 47 fish collected from nine cages located on four farms throughout Norway. In addition, 28 farmed escapees were recaptured in the sea (443 fish in total). Nine microsatellite loci and the Pan I gene were analysed, revealing a total of 181 alleles. Each sample contained 43–63% of total allelic variation. Comparing variation with published data for wild cod indicates that lower genetic variation exists within single cages than in wild populations. Significant linkage disequilibrium was observed amongst pairs of loci in all samples, suggesting a low number of contributing parental fish. Global FST was 0.049, and the highest pairwise FST value (pooled loci) was 0.085. For single loci, the Pan I gene was the most diagnostic, displaying a global FST of 0.203. Simulations amongst the samples collected on farms revealed an overall correct self-assignment percentage of 75%, demonstrating a high probability of identifying individuals to their farm of origin. Identification of the 28 escapees revealed a single cage as the most likely source of origin for half of the escapees, whilst the remaining fish were assigned to a mixture of samples, suggesting more than one source of escapees

Associations between health-related quality of life, physical function and fear of falling in older fallers receiving home care

Falls and injuries in older adults have significant consequences and costs, both personal and to society. Although having a high incidence of falls, high prevalence of fear of falling and a lower quality of life, older adults receiving home care are underrepresented in research on older fallers. The objective of this study is to determine the associations between health-related quality of life (HRQOL), fear of falling and physical function in older fallers receiving home care

Proxy Measures of Fitness Suggest Coastal Fish Farms Can Act as Population Sources and Not Ecological Traps for Wild Gadoid Fish

Background: Ecological traps form when artificial structures are added to natural habitats and induce mismatches between habitat preferences and fitness consequences. Their existence in terrestrial systems has been documented, yet little evidence suggests they occur in marine environments. Coastal fish farms are widespread artificial structures in coastal ecosystems and are highly attractive to wild fish. Methodology/Principal Findings: To investigate if coastal salmon farms act as ecological traps for wild Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and saithe (Pollachius virens), we compared proxy measures of fitness between farm-associated fish and control fish caught distant from farms in nine locations throughout coastal Norway, the largest coastal fish farming industry in the world. Farms modified wild fish diets in both quality and quantity, thereby providing farm-associated wild fish with a strong trophic subsidy. This translated to greater somatic (saithe: 1.06–1.12 times; cod: 1.06–1.11 times) and liver condition indices (saithe: 1.4–1.8 times; cod: 2.0–2.8 times) than control fish caught distant from farms. Parasite loads of farm-associated wild fish were modified from control fish, with increased external and decreased internal parasites, however the strong effect of the trophic subsidy overrode any effects of altered loads upon condition. Conclusions and Significance: Proxy measures of fitness provided no evidence that salmon farms function as ecological traps for wild fish. We suggest fish farms may act as population sources for wild fish, provided they are protected from fishing while resident at farms to allow their increased condition to manifest as greater reproductive output.Funding was provided by the Norwegian Research Council Havet og kysten program to the CoastACE project (no: 173384)

Screening potential pests of Nordic coniferous forests associated with trade in ornamental plants

Plant pests moved along with the trade in ornamental plants could pose a threat to forests. In this study plant pests potentially associated with this pathway were screened to identify pests that could pose a high risk to the coniferous forests of Finland, Sweden and Norway. Specifically, the aim was to find pests that potentially could fulfil the criteria to become regulated as quarantine pests. EPPO’s commodity study approach, which includes several screening steps, was used to identify the pests that are most likely to become significant pests of Picea abies or Pinus sylvestris. From an initial list of 1062 pests, 65 pests were identified and ranked using the FinnPRIO model, resulting in a top list of 14 pests, namely Chionaspis pinifoliae, Coleosporium asterum s.l., Cytospora kunzei, Dactylonectria macrodidyma, Gnathotrichus retusus, Heterobasidion irregulare, Lambdina fiscellaria, Orgyia leucostigma, Orthotomicus erosus, Pseudocoremia suavis, Tetropium gracilicorne, Toumeyella parvicornis, Truncatella hartigii and Xylosandrus germanus. The rankings of the pests, together with the collected information, can be used to prioritize pests and pathways for further assessment

Falls in the general elderly population: a 3- and 6- year prospective study of risk factors using data from the longitudinal population study 'Good ageing in Skane'.

Accidental falls in the elderly are a major health problem, despite extensive research on risk factors and prevention. Only a limited number of multifactorial, long-term prospective studies have been performed on risk factors for falls in the general elderly population. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors predicting falls in a general elderly population after three and six years, using a prospective design

Phragmidium tuberculatum

Fung

Phragmidium tuberculatum

Fung