54 research outputs found
On the structure of the upper atmosphere of Mars according to data from experiments on the Viking space vehicles
Altitude profiles of the concentrations of the atmospheric components measured by the on board mass spectrometers during the descent of Viking lander are discussed by assuming that temperature has a smoother profile, and the eddy mixing coefficients are smaller at altitudes of 120 to 170 km than those formally determined. The influence of acoustic gravitational waves and errors in measurements and calculations are discussed in relation to the convolutions in the altitude profiles of the concentrations of the atmospheric components and the temperature of the atmosphere
The model of the composition of the Martian atmosphere
Global mean distributions of Martian atmospheric components concentrations from the planet's surface up to an altitude of 250 km are calculated. Improved data on the turbulent mixing coefficient, as a function of altitude, on temperature distribution and on chemical and photochemical reaction rates are used. The model data agree well with available measurements of some components concentrations. Variations of composition due to long-period variations of temperature, moisture and turbulent mixing are investigated. The relative significance of different catalytic cycles and the important role of excited atoms 0 (d-1) are revealed
Influence of Property Right Redistribution on Company Economic Efficiency
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π² ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ. Π‘ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅,
Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π² ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²
Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π² ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.The article investigates the mechanism of influence of changes in property rights distribution structure
on a company performance. The model, taking into account the influence caused by changes in
property rights distribution structure on the performance efficiency, has been designed. The concept
of company institutional efficiency within the framework of the presented model has been offered.
It reflects the ratio of profit to expenses, which occur during economic subject interaction inside a
company through an institutional function. An index of institutional efficiency changes has been
introduced as an evaluation criterion of influence of changes in property rights redistribution on the
efficiency
Uniqueness Properties of Solutions to the Benjamin-Ono equation and related models
We prove that if u1, u2 are solutions of the Benjamin- Ono equation defined in (x, t) β R Γ [0, T ] which agree in an open set Ξ© β R Γ [0,T], then u1 β‘ u2. We extend this uniqueness result to a general class of equations of Benjamin-Ono type in both the initial value problem and the initial periodic boundary value problem. This class of 1-dimensional non-local models includes the intermediate long wave equation. Finally, we present a slightly stronger version of our uniqueness results for the Benjamin-Ono equation
Unique, nonβEarthlike, meteoritic ion behavior in upper atmosphere of Mars
Interplanetary dust particles have long been expected to produce permanent ionospheric metal ion layers at Mars, as on Earth, but the two environments are so different that uncertainty existed as to whether terrestrial-established understanding would apply to Mars. The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission made the first in situ detection of the continuous presence of Na+, Mg+, and Fe+ at Mars and indeed revealed non-Earthlike features/processes. There is no separation of the light Mg+ and the heavy Fe+ with increasing altitude as expected for gravity control. The metal ions are well-mixed with the neutral atmosphere at altitudes where no mixing process is expected. Isolated metal ion layers mimicking Earth's sporadic E layers occur despite the lack of a strong magnetic field as required at Earth. Further, the metal ion distributions are coherent enough to always show atmospheric gravity wave signatures. All features and processes are unique to Mars
Bioremediation approaches for oil contaminated soilsΒ in extremely high-mountainous conditions
Development of methods for bioremediation of soils contaminated with petroleum products is one of the most urgent tasks of our time. This task is more difficult to perform in high-mountainous landscapes, at an altitude of more than 4 000 m a.s.l. Moreover, these high-mountain ecosystems are the most vulnerable to various kinds of anthropogenic impacts, and therefore the relevance of bioremediation is obvious. The research was conducted in the high-altitude ecosystems of the Kyrgyz Republic at the Kumtor mine. In this study was carried out on the bioremediation of oil contaminated soil using biostimulation, bioaugmentation and biostimulation + bioaugmentation remediation techniques for 90 days in the climatic conditions of high mountain region. The biostimulation treatment showed the highest total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) biodegradation percentage 62.78% compared to the bioaugmentation 50.63% and biostimulation + bioaugmentation 49.11%. Thus, the method of biostimulation proved to be the most effective method for bioremediation of soils contaminated with petroleum products. The application of this method could be one of the successful methods of recycling contaminated soils. This study demonstrated the possibility of restoring TPH-polluted soils using biological methods of soil treatment in climatic cold conditions of high mountains
Influence of Property Right Redistribution on Company Economic Efficiency
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π² ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ. Π‘ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅,
Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π² ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²
Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π² ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.The article investigates the mechanism of influence of changes in property rights distribution structure
on a company performance. The model, taking into account the influence caused by changes in
property rights distribution structure on the performance efficiency, has been designed. The concept
of company institutional efficiency within the framework of the presented model has been offered.
It reflects the ratio of profit to expenses, which occur during economic subject interaction inside a
company through an institutional function. An index of institutional efficiency changes has been
introduced as an evaluation criterion of influence of changes in property rights redistribution on the
efficiency
Measurement of Thermodynamic and Dynamic Atmospheric Parameters Over Volgograd in August 1976
Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ·Π±Π΅ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΠΎΡ, ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°Π±Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π·Π°Π±ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΡΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½
Our analysis of the structural features and technological capabilities of serial downhole hydraulic motors (hydraulic machines), designed for drilling wells, has revealed their shortcomings. These include the limited resources due to the complexity of their design, the consumption of a working fluid, significant dimensions in length, mass, low rotation frequencies of the shaft, which do not correspond to the technological modes of wells diamond drilling. Based on the analysis of structural schemes of downhole hydraulic motors it has been concluded that the greatest opportunities for maximum use of the potential energy of a working fluid are demonstrated by rotary-type hydraulic machines.We have proposed, as the object of the study, a structural scheme of the hydraulic machine, which applies the physical principles of converting the weight (energy) of the column of a working fluid at the time of stator rotation around the non-rotating rotor. The principles of separation in the direction of movement of the incoming flow from the reverse spreading have been taken into consideration, as well as the exclusion of a stagnant zone and the creation of a multilevel momentum of reactive forces by the flow of a fluid.Based on the devised procedure, we have performed theoretical calculations of energy characteristics of a two-chamber deep hydraulic machine, defined technical specifications; the calculation scheme of force interaction between a working liquid and the elements of a hydraulic machine is given.Based on the results from theoretical calculations, the structural-technological documentation for a downhole hydraulic machine has been developed; a prototype was made and experiments were conducted to determine operability of the scheme, as well as the boundary values of its operation. The quantitative values for its energy characteristics were determined based on the readings from control-measurement instrumentation.We have conducted a comparative analysis of the technical and energy characteristics of a rotary-type downhole hydraulic machine with industrially produced hydraulic engines, the turbodrill TG-124, and the screw engine D1-124, of the same diameter.Conditions for the utilization of a downhole hydraulic machine have been proposed, as well promising directions for the further research and development to improve it and expand the scope of its applicationΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ (Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½), ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π³Π°Π±Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅, ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°, Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π°Π»Π°, Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°ΠΌ Π°Π»ΠΌΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½. ΠΠ· Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°.Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ° (ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ) ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π±Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°. Π£ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π±Π΅Π³Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ» ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ.ΠΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ.ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π΅Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ, Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ².Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π’Π-124 ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π1-124 ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ½ΡΠ² (Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½), ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΡΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½, Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ. Π¦Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ, Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½Ρ Π³Π°Π±Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°, Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π²Π°Π»Ρ, ΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°ΠΌ Π°Π»ΠΌΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½. Π Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ½ΡΠ² Π·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ.Π―ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±'ΡΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²Π°Π³ΠΈ (Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ) ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΏΠ° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π°Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ³ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΊΡ ΡΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡ, ΡΠΎ Π½Π°Π±ΡΠ³Π°Ρ, Π²ΡΠ΄ Π·Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ, Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ» Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ.ΠΠ° ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π³Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Ρ, Π½Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π· Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ.ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, Π²ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈ, Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ².ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ· ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π·Π°Π±ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π· ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π’Π-124 Ρ Π³Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π1-124 ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°.ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π±ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ ΡΡ Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½
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