Okul Öncesi Öğretmen Adaylarının Çocuk Gelişimi ile ilgili İnançlarında Değişim ve Durağanlıklar

Çocuk gelişimini bilmek ve anlamak, okul öncesi eğitimi öğretmenleri için mesleklerini iyi yapabilmek için temel bir unsurdur.  Bu araştırmada okul öncesi eğitimi öğretmen adaylarının gelişim inançlarında üniversite eğitimi sürecinde meydana gelen değişimler ya da durağanlıklar incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemini 538 birinci ve dördüncü sınıfa devam etmekte olan okul öncesi öğretmenliği öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. İlişkisel tarama modelinin kullanıldığı bu araştırmada, veriler; Gelişim Hakkındaki İnançlar Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde iki yönlü MANOVA kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, dört yıl boyunca öğretmen adaylarının olgunlaşmacı inançlarının azaldığını ve bilişsel inançlarının artığını, katılımcı üç üniversitede öğrencilerin gelişimle ilgili inançları birbirinden farklı olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu bulgular doğrultusunda öneriler sunulmuştu

Administration of single-dose GnRH agonist in the luteal phase in ICSI cycles: a meta-analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The effects of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) administered in the luteal phase remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of the administration of a single-dose of GnRH-a in the luteal phase on ICSI clinical outcomes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The research strategy included the online search of databases. Only randomized studies were included. The outcomes analyzed were implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) per transfer and ongoing pregnancy rate. The fixed effects model was used for odds ratio. In all trials, a single dose of GnRH-a was administered at day 5/6 after ICSI procedures.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All cycles presented statistically significantly higher rates of implantation (P < 0.0001), CPR per transfer (P = 0.006) and ongoing pregnancy (P = 0.02) in the group that received luteal-phase GnRH-a administration than in the control group (without luteal-phase-GnRH-a administration). When meta-analysis was carried out only in trials that had used long GnRH-a ovarian stimulation protocol, CPR per transfer (P = 0.06) and ongoing pregnancy (P = 0.23) rates were not significantly different between the groups, but implantation rate was significant higher (P = 0.02) in the group that received luteal-phase-GnRH-a administration. On the other hand, the results from trials that had used GnRH antagonist multi-dose ovarian stimulation protocol showed statistically significantly higher implantation (P = 0.0002), CPR per transfer (P = 0.04) and ongoing pregnancy rate (P = 0.04) in the luteal-phase-GnRH-a administration group. The majority of the results presented heterogeneity.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These findings demonstrate that the luteal-phase single-dose GnRH-a administration can increase implantation rate in all cycles and CPR per transfer and ongoing pregnancy rate in cycles with GnRH antagonist ovarian stimulation protocol. Nevertheless, by considering the heterogeneity between the trials, it seems premature to recommend the use of GnRH-a in the luteal phase. Additional randomized controlled trials are necessary before evidence-based recommendations can be provided.</p

Approaches to improve the diagnosis and management of infertility

Recent advances in our understanding of the causes of infertility and of assisted reproductive technology (ART) have led to the development of complex diagnostic tools, prognostic models and treatment options. The Third Evian Annual Reproduction (EVAR) Workshop Meeting was held on 26-27 April 2008 to evaluate evidence supporting current approaches to the diagnosis and management of infertility and to identify areas for future research efforts. Specialist reproductive medicine clinicians and scientists delivered presentations based on published literature and ongoing research on patient work-up, ovarian stimulation and embryo quality assessment during ART. This report is based on the expert presentations and subsequent group discussions and was supplemented with publications from literature searches and the authors' knowledge. It was agreed that single embryo transfer (SET) should be used with increasing frequency in cycles of ART. Continued improvements in cryopreservation techniques, which improve pregnancy rates using supernumerary frozen embryos, are expected to augment the global uptake of SET. Adaptation and personalization of fertility therapy may help to optimize efficacy and safety outcomes for individual patients. Prognostic modelling and personalized management strategies based on individual patient characteristics may prove to represent real progress towards improved treatment. However, at present, there is limited good-quality evidence to support the use of these individualized approaches. Greater quality control and standardization of clinical and laboratory evaluations are required to optimize ART practices and improve individual patient outcomes. Well-designed, good-quality studies are required to drive improvements to the diagnosis and management of ART processes

ESHRE good practice recommendations for add- ons in reproductive medicine

The draft of the paper “ESHRE Good practice recommendations for add-ons in reproductive medicine” was published for public review for 4 weeks, between 1 November and 1 December 2022. This report summarizes all reviewers, their comments and the reply of the working group and is published on the ESHRE website as supporting documentation to the paper. During the stakeholder review, a total of 274 comments (including 24 duplicates) were received from 46 reviewers. Reviewers included professionals and representatives of donor-conceived offspring organisations. The comments were focussed on the content of the guideline (209 comments), language and style (31 comments), or were remarks that did not require a reply (10 comments). All comments to the language and format were checked and corrected where relevant. The comments to the content of the paper (n=209) were assessed by the working group and where relevant, adaptations were made in the paper (n=94; 45%). Adaptations included revisions and/or clarifications of the text, and amendments to the recommendations. For a number of comments, the working group considered them outside the scope of the paper or not appropriate/relevant (n=115; 55%).peer-reviewe

ART in Europe, 2019 : results generated from European registries by ESHRE

Study question: What are the data and trends on ART and IUI cycle numbers and their outcomes, and on fertility preservation (FP) interventions, reported in 2019 as compared to previous years? Summary answer: The 23rd ESHRE report highlights the rising ART treatment cycles and children born, alongside a decline in twin deliveries owing to decreasing multiple embryo transfers; fresh IVF or ICSI cycles exhibited higher delivery rates, whereas frozen embryo transfers (FET) showed higher pregnancy rates (PRs), and reported IUI cycles decreased while maintaining stable outcomes. What is known already: ART aggregated data generated by national registries, clinics, or professional societies have been gathered and analyzed by the European IVF-Monitoring (EIM) Consortium since 1997 and reported in a total of 22 manuscripts published in Human Reproduction and Human Reproduction Open. Study design, size, duration: Data on medically assisted reproduction (MAR) from European countries are collected by EIM for ESHRE each year. The data on treatment cycles performed between 1 January and 31 December 2019 were provided by either national registries or registries based on initiatives of medical associations and scientific organizations or committed persons in one of the 44 countries that are members of the EIM Consortium. Participants/materials, setting, methods: Overall, 1487 clinics offering ART services in 40 countries reported, for the second time, a total of more than 1 million (1 077 813) treatment cycles, including 160 782 with IVF, 427 980 with ICSI, 335 744 with FET, 64 089 with preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), 82 373 with egg donation (ED), 546 with IVM of oocytes, and 6299 cycles with frozen oocyte replacement (FOR). A total of 1169 institutions reported data on IUI cycles using either husband/partner's semen (IUI-H; n = 147 711) or donor semen (IUI-D; n = 51 651) in 33 and 24 countries, respectively. Eighteen countries reported 24 139 interventions in pre- and post-pubertal patients for FP, including oocyte, ovarian tissue, semen, and testicular tissue banking. Main results and the role of chance: In 21 countries (21 in 2018) in which all ART clinics reported to the registry 476 760 treatment cycles were registered for a total population of approximately 300 million inhabitants, allowing the best estimate of a mean of 1581 cycles performed per million inhabitants (range: 437-3621). Among the reporting countries, for IVF the clinical PRs per aspiration slightly decreased while they remained similar per transfer compared to 2018 (21.8% and 34.6% versus 25.5% and 34.1%, respectively). In ICSI, the corresponding PRs showed similar trends compared to 2018 (20.2% and 33.5%, versus 22.5% and 32.1%) When freeze-all cycles were not considered for the calculations, the clinical PRs per aspiration were 28.5% (28.8% in 2018) and 26.2% (27.3% in 2018) for IVF and ICSI, respectively. After FET with embryos originating from own eggs, the PR per thawing was at 35.1% (versus 33.4% in 2018), and with embryos originating from donated eggs at 43.0% (41.8% in 2018). After ED, the PR per fresh embryo transfer was 50.5% (49.6% in 2018) and per FOR 44.8% (44.9% in 2018). In IVF and ICSI together, the trend toward the transfer of fewer embryos continues with the transfer of 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 embryos in 55.4%, 39.9%, 2.6%, and 0.2% of all treatments, respectively (corresponding to 50.7%, 45.1%, 3.9%, and 0.3% in 2018). This resulted in a reduced proportion of twin delivery rates (DRs) of 11.9% (12.4% in 2018) and a similar triplet DR of 0.3%. Treatments with FET in 2019 resulted in twin and triplet DR of 8.9% and 0.1%, respectively (versus 9.4% and 0.1% in 2018). After IUI, the DRs remained similar at 8.7% after IUI-H (8.8% in 2018) and at 12.1% after IUI-D (12.6% in 2018). Twin and triplet DRs after IUI-H were 8.7% and 0.4% (in 2018: 8.4% and 0.3%) and 6.2% and 0.2% after IUI-D (in 2018: 6.4% and 0.2%), respectively. Eighteen countries (16 in 2018) provided data on FP in a total number of 24 139 interventions (20 994 in 2018). Cryopreservation of ejaculated sperm (n = 11 592 versus n = 10 503 in 2018) and cryopreservation of oocytes (n = 10 784 versus n = 9123 in 2018) were most frequently reported. Limitations, reasons for caution: Caution with the interpretation of results should remain as data collection systems and completeness of reporting vary among European countries. Some countries were unable to deliver data about the number of initiated cycles and/or deliveries. Wider implications of the findings: The 23rd ESHRE data collection on ART, IUI, and FP interventions shows a continuous increase of reported treatment numbers and MAR-derived livebirths in Europe. Although it is the largest data collection on MAR in Europe, further efforts toward optimization of both the collection and the reporting, from the perspective of improving surveillance and vigilance in the field of reproductive medicine, are awaited. Study funding/competing interest(s): The study has received no external funding and all costs are covered by ESHRE. There are no competing interests. Keywords: ICSI; IUI; IVF; data collection; egg donation; fertility preservation; frozen embryo transfer; registry; surveillance; vigilance.peer-reviewe

The effects of a teaching methods course on early childhood preservice teachers' beliefs

This study examines the effectiveness of an educational methods course for changing early childhood preservice teachers' instructional beliefs. The teaching methods course emphasized constructivist teaching principles. Seventy-eight of the early childhood education preservice teachers who were enrolled in this course filled out the Teacher Belief Survey at the beginning and end of the 15-week course. The results of both quantitative and qualitative data analysis indicated that participation in the teaching methods course had significantly changed preservice teachers' beliefs. As a result of the course, preservice teachers' constructivist beliefs increased, and these beliefs became more concrete and coherent. Results are discussed in relation to the literature, and the implications of examining early childhood education programs are explored

Investigation of antibiotically active compounds produced by newly isolated endophytic fungi Aspergillus westerdijkiae, Akanthomyces muscarius and Alternaria sp.

Durch die Zunahme der Antibiotikaresistenzen wird es immer schwieriger, wirksame Antibiotika gegen Infektionskrankheiten bereitzustellen. Daher werden dringend neue Quellen für Antibiotika gesucht, um den Bedarf an neuen Wirksubstanzen decken zu können. In dieser Hinsicht sind Endophyten eine vielversprechende neue Quelle. Endophyten sind kommunikative Mikroorganismen, die im Inneren von Pflanzen leben und daher ein hohes Potential für interaktive Substanzen besitzen. Sie produzieren zahlreiche sekundäre Metabolite, unter anderem auch antimikrobielle Substanzen. Aus diesen Gründen wurden in dieser Diplomarbeit Pilzendophyten aus der Medizinalpflanze Edelweiß (Leontopodium nivale subsp. alpinum) auf ihre antimikrobielle Aktivität gegen verschiedene Testorganismen, wie z.B. Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Sacharomyces cerevisiae, Fusarium graminearum und Aspergillus niger, untersucht. Kulturmedien wurden mit Endophytenreinkulturen beimpft und inkubiert. Die Ansätze wurden mit geeigneten Lösungsmitteln extrahiert und mit Hilfe von Agardiffusionstests auf ihre antibiotische Wirkung getestet. Aktive Extrakte wurden mittels Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatografie (HPLC) analysiert und anschließend mithilfe von semi-präparativer HPLC aufgetrennt und fraktioniert, um Reinsubstanzen zu erhalten. Schließlich wurden aktive Substanzen mittels hochauflösende Massenspektrometrie (HRMS) und Kernspinresonanzspektroskopie (NMR) identifiziert. Fünf aus Edelweiß isolierte Pilzendophyten wurden untersucht, wobei zwei Isolate antibiotische Aktivitäten zeigten. Das Isolat LN733 wurde als Aspergillus westerdijkiae und LN303 als Akanthomyces muscarius identifiziert. Das Gesamtextrakt von A. westerdijkiae zeigte antibiotische Aktivitäten gegen die Testorganismen B. subtilis, E. coli und S. cerevisiae. Bioassays der Fraktionen wiesen die antibiotische Aktivität gegen S. cerevisiae den Fraktionen 9 und 10 zu, während die Fraktionen 12 und 13 Aktivitäten gegen E. coli und B. subtilis zeigten. Des Weiteren wies Fraktion 16 eine antibiotische Aktivität gegen B. subtilis auf. Massenspektrometriesche Untersuchen zeigten, dass in den aktiven Fraktionen v.a. ungesättigte und gesättigte langkettige Fettsäuren enthalten waren. Untersuchungen der Fraktion 12 mittels HRMS und NMR ergaben, dass Linolsäure für die antibiotische Aktivität gegen B. subtilis verantwortlich war. Das Gesamtextrakt von A. muscarius war aktiv gegen E. coli, S. cerevisiae, F. graminearum und A. niger. Mithilfe semi-präparativer HPLC konnte durch Fraktionierung und anschließender Subfraktionierung der aktiven Fraktion eine Reinsubstanz gewonnen werden. NMR Analysen zufolge handelt es sich hierbei um die Substanz Emestrin A. Agardiffusionstest der Reinsubstanz zeigten eine komplette Inhibition bei den Testorganismen E. coli und S. cerevisiae, während bei den filamentösen Pilzen F. graminearum und A. niger nur eine partielle Inhibition beobachtet wurde.The increase of antibacterial resistance makes it difficult to provide effective antibiotics against infectious diseases. Therefore, new sources for antibiotics are being searched to meet the need for new drugs. In this regard, endophytes are a promising source for the discovery of new antibiotics. Endophytes are communicative microorganisms, which are living inside plants and have therefore a high potential for interactive substances. They produce numerous secondary metabolites, including antimicrobial compounds. In this Diploma Thesis, fungal endophytes from the medicinal plant Leontopodium nivale subsp. alpinum (Edelweiss) were tested for their antimicrobial activity against various test organisms such e.g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Sachharomyces cerevisiae, Fusarium graminearum and Aspergillus niger. Media were inoculated and incubated with pure cultures of the endophytes. The cultures were extracted with appropriate solvents and tested for their antibiotic activity by diffusion disc assays. Active extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and then fractionated with semi-preparative HPLC to obtain pure substances. Finally, active substances were identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Five isolated endophytes were investigated, whereby two showed an antibiotic activity. The fungus LN733 was identified as Aspergillus westerdijkiae and LN303 as Akanthomyces muscarius. The total extract of A. westerdijkiae showed antibiotic activity against the test organisms B. subtilis, E. coli and S. cerevisiae. Bioassays of the fractions showed antibiotic activity against S. cerevisiae for fractions 9 and 10, while fractions 12 and 13 showed activity against E. coli and B. subtilis. Furthermore, fraction 16 had antibiotic activity against B. subtilis. Mass spectrometry revealed that in the active fractions unsaturated and saturated long-chain fatty acids were prominent. Analyses of fraction 12 with HRMS and NMR spectroscopy revealed that linoleic acid was responsible for the antibiotic activity against B. subtilis. The total extract of A. muscarius was active against E. coli, S. cerevisiae, F. graminearum and A. niger. According to NMR analyzes, the active substance was emestrin A. Diffusion disc assays of the pure substance showed complete inhibition against the test organisms E. coli and S. cerevisiae, whereas partial inhibition was observed testing against the filamentous fungi F. graminearum and A. niger

New toys for young children: integration of computer technology into early childhood education. The Turkish Online

ABSTRACT In recent years there has been a dramatic increase in the availability of computers in educational settings. Since the technology became available for all ages, the amount of technology usage increased in early childhood classrooms Analysis of data showed that the teachers struggled to integrate computer technology into their curriculum. The results were focused around three major themes: the purposes of computer integration, the procedures of computer usage, and the improvements that they need in order to better integrate computer technology into their curriculum. Educational Implications of Computers for Young Children It is obvious that technology plays a more prevalent role in early childhood education today than previously. The amount of computer use increased dramatically in early childhood classrooms. The potential benefits of computers in early childhood settings are supported by current researc

rash measurement model

Quality of early childhood education institutions specifically, dimensions of process quality, should be evaluated. Purpose of this study is to analyze process quality of early childhood education by using many-facet Rasch measurement model (MFRM). In this study, data were collected from twelve early childhood education institutions by four independent judges. Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (ECER) was used to evaluate the process quality of the institutions. MFRM was applied to analyze the data. The results indicated that early childhood education institutions were below the desirable level of process quality. It has been found that judges exhibited similar behaviors and when item statistics were examined they served the purpose Of the evaluation. Standardized measurement tools and measurement models were recommended to increase process quality of early childhood education