Enrichment of neural-related genes in human mesenchymal stem cells from neuroblastoma patients.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common pediatric solid tumors and, like most human cancers, is char-acterized by a broad variety of genomic alterations. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to interact with cancer cells, the relationship between MSCs and metastatic NB cancer cells in bone marrow (BM) is unknown. To obtain genetic evidence about this interaction, we isolated ΒΜ-derived MSCs from children with NB and compared their global expression patterns with MSCs obtained from normal pediatric donors, using the Agilent 44K microarrays. Significance analysis of microarray results with a false discovery rate (FDR) <5% identified 496 differentially expressed genes showing either a 2-fold upregulation or downregulation between both groups of samples. Comparison of gene ontology categories of differ-entially expressed genes revealed the upregulation of genes categorized as ‘neurological system process’, ‘cell adhesion’, ‘apoptosis’, ‘cell surface receptor linked signal transduction’, ‘intrinsic to membrane’ and ‘extracellular region’. Among the downregulated genes, several immunology-related terms were the most abundant. These findings provide preliminary genetic evidence of the interaction between MSCs and NB cancer cells in ΒΜ as well as identify relevant biological processes potentially altered in MSCs in response to NBThis study was supported by grants from the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS; PI05/2217 and PI08/0029 to J.G.C.), MICINN (PLE2009-0115) and the Madrid Regional Government (S-BIO-0204-2006 and P2010/BMD-2420) in Spain. The experiments were approved by the appropriate committees.S

Alkane oxidation by a carboxylate-bridged dimanganese(III) complex

A new manganese(III) oxamato dimer possesing an unprecedented Mn2(μ-O2CR)(μ-OH2…O2CR) core has been synthesised, structurally and magnetically characterised, and used as a catalyst for the oxidation of alkanes to alcohols and ketones by Bu^tO2H and O2 in CH2Cl2 at rt.Blay Llinares, Gonzalo, [email protected] ; Fernandez Picot, Isabel, [email protected] ; Pedro Llinares, Jose Ramon, [email protected] ; Ruiz Garcia, Rafael, [email protected] ; Pardo Marin, Emilio Jose, [email protected] ; Lloret Pastor, Francisco, [email protected]

Analogs of natural aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors clear malaria in vivo

Malaria remains a major global health problem. Emerging resistance to existing antimalarial drugs drives the search for new antimalarials, and protein translation is a promising pathway to target. Here we explore the potential of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) family as a source of antimalarial drug targets. First, a battery of known and novel ARS inhibitors was tested against Plasmodium falciparum cultures, and their activities were compared. Borrelidin, a natural inhibitor of threonyl-tRNA synthetase (ThrRS), stands out for its potent antimalarial effect. However, it also inhibits human ThrRS and is highly toxic to human cells. To circumvent this problem, we tested a library of bioengineered and semisynthetic borrelidin analogs for their antimalarial activity and toxicity. We found that some analogs effectively lose their toxicity against human cells while retaining a potent antiparasitic activity both in vitro and in vivo and cleared malaria from Plasmodium yoelii-infected mice, resulting in 100% mice survival rates. Our work identifies borrelidin analogs as potent, selective, and unexplored scaffolds that efficiently clear malaria both in vitro and in vivo.Human Frontier Science Program (Strasbourg, France) (Postdoctoral Fellowship LT000307/2013

Células madre mesenquimales (CMM) aisladas a partir de la sangre periférica

La presente invención se relaciona con células madre mesenquimales (CMM) aisladas a partir de la sangre periférica, caracterizadas porque expresan el receptor alfa-2 de la interleuquina 13 (IL 13RA2), así como con un método para aislar dichas CMM que comprende detectar la expresión de dicho IL13RA2 en células de una muestra de sangre periférica, y, si se desea, aislar dichas células que expresan IL13RA2.1. Una célula madre mesenquimal, aislada, procedente de sangre periférica o de sus hemoderivados, caracterizada porque expresa el receptor alfa-2 de la interleuquina 13 (ILl3RA2) . 2. Célula madre mesenquimal aislada según la reivindicación 1, obtenible mediante un método que comprende detectar el receptor alfa-2 de la interleuquina 13 (TLl3RA2) lOenla superficie de dicha célula y aislar dicha célula que expresa lLl3RA2. 3. Célula madre mesenquimal según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque además, expresa uno o más marcadores de membrana plasmática seleccionados del grupo que consiste en CAMK2Nl, CDH10, CLDNll, LSAMP, PSCAy SFRPl. 4. Célula madre mesenquimal según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, en la que dicha sangre periférica o hemoderivado es de origen humano. 5. Célula madre mesenquimal según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, en la que la sangre periférica se selecciona del grupo que consiste en sangre periférica fresca o criopreservada, sangre periférica movilizada fresca o criopreservada, sangre periférica movilizada y sin movilizar obtenida por técnicas de aféresis fresca o criopreservada, fracción CD34-fresca o criopreservada obtenida de sangre periférica o sus hemoderivados movilizada, "buffy coats" y cualquiera de sus combinaciones. 6. Célula madre mesenquimal según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones I a 5, en la que la sangre periférica procede de un sujeto al que se le ha administrado un factor de estimulación. 7. Célula madre mesenquimal según la reivindicación 6, en la que el factor de estimulación se selecciona del grupo formado por el factor de crecimiento de colonias de granulocitos (G-CSF) , el factor de crecimiento de colonias granulomacrofágicas (GM-CSF) , un antagonista del receptor CXCR4, una catecolamina, y sus combinaciones. 8. Una población celular aislada que comprende células madre mesenquimales procedentes de sangre periférica o de sus hemoderivados según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7. 9. Una composición de células madre mesenquimales procedentes de sangre periférica, o de sus hemoderivados, en la que, al menos, el 50% de las células madre mesenquimales procedentes de sangre periférica, o de sus hemoderivados, que comprende dicha composición son células madre mesenquimales que expresan IL 13RA2 según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones I a 7. 10. Una composición farmacéutica que comprende una célula madre mesenquimal según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, una población celular seb>lm la reivindicación 8, o una composición de células madre mesenquimales según la reivindicación 9, y un vehículo farmacéuticamente aceptable. 11. Método in vitro para la identificación y/o el aislamiento de una célula madre mesenquimal a partir de sangre periférica o de sus hemoderivados que comprende detectar la expresión del receptor alfa-2 de la interleuquina 13 (lLI3RA2) en células de una muestra de sangre periférica o de sus hemoderivados y, si se desea, aislar dichas células que expresan TL 13RA2. 12. Método según la reivindicación 11, en el que la sangre periférica utilizada se selecciona del grupo que consiste en sangre periférica fresca o criopreservada, sangre periférica movilizada fresca o criopreservada, sangre periférica movilizada y sin movilizar obtenida por técnicas de aféresis fresca o criopreservada, fracción CD34-fresca o criopreservada obtenida de sangre periférica o sus hemoderivados movilizada, "bufIY coats", y cualquiera de sus combinaciones. 13. Método según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 11 ó 12, en el que dicha sangre periférica procede de un sujeto al que se le ha administrado un factor de estimulación. 14. Método según la reivindicación 13, en el que dicho factor de estimulación se selecciona del grupo formado por el factor de crecimiento de colonias de granulocitos (G-CSF) , el factor de crecimiento de colonias granulomacrofágicas (GM-CSF) , un antagonista del receptor CXCR4, una catecolamina, y sus combinaciones. 15. Método según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 11 a 14, en el que dicha sangre periférica o hemoderivado es de origen humano. 16. Uso del receptor alfa-2 de la interleuquina 13 (LL13RA2) como marcador de una célula madre mesenquimal procedente de sangre periférica o de sus hemoderivados. 17. Uso según la reivindicaciónl6, para la identitlcación y/o el aislamiento in vitro de una célula madre mesenquimal a partir de sangre periférica, o de un hemoderivado de la misma, de un sujeto. 18. Uso de un reactivo capaz de detectar el receptor alfa-2 de la interleuquina 13 (ILl3RA2) para la identitlcación y/o el aislamiento de una célula madre mesenquimal a partir de sangre periférica o de sus hemoderivados, en donde dicho reactivo es un anticuerpo que se une especitlcamente a LLI3RA2. 19. Uso de una célula madre mesenquimal según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, o de una población celular según la reivindicación 8, o de una composición de células madre según la reivindicación 9, o de una composición farmacéutica según la reivindicación 10, en la preparación de un medicamento para el tratamiento de una enfermedad autoinmune. 20. Uso de una célula madre mesenquimal según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, o de una población celular set, 'ún la reivindicación 8, o de una composición de células madre según la reivindicación 9, o de una composición farmacéutica según la reivindicación 10, en la preparación de un medicamento para el tratamiento de una enfermedad inflamatoria. 21. Uso de una célula madre mesenquimal según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, o de una población celular según la reivindicación 8, o de una composición de células madre según la reivindicación 9, o de una composición farmacéutica según la reivindicación 10, en la preparación de un medicamento para inducir tolerancia al trasplante. 22. Uso de una célula madre mesenquimal según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, o de una población celular según la reivindicación 8, o de una composición de células madre según la reivindicación 9, o de una composición farmacéutica según la reivindicación 10, en la preparación de un medicamento para la reparación y regeneración de tejidos. 23. Uso de una célula madre mesenquimal según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, o de una población celular según la reivindicación 8, o de una composición de células madre según la reivindicación 9, o de una composición farmacéutica según la reivindicación 10, como sistema de transporte o vehículo de un compuesto biológicamente activo a un sitio de interés.Cuando una patente se hace internacional, se puede encontrar en el idioma de cada país en que se ha solicitado. En Espacenet se tiene acceso a los documentos en cada idioma.Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Universidad de Granada; Fundación Progreso y Salud.Solicitud de patent

The Impact Of Rituximab Infusion Protocol On The Long-term Outcome In Anti-musk Myasthenia Gravis

Objective: To evaluate whether the clinical benefit and relapse rates in anti-muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) myasthenia gravis (MG) differ depending on the protocol of rituximab followed. Methods: This retrospective multicentre study in patients with MuSK MG compared three rituximab protocols in terms of clinical status, relapse, changes in treatment, and adverse side effects. The primary effectiveness endpoint was clinical relapse requiring a further infusion of rituximab. Survival curves were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods and survival analyses were undertaken using Cox proportional-hazards models. Results: Twenty-five patients were included: 11 treated with protocol 4 + 2 (375 mg/m(2)/4 weeks, then monthly for 2 months), five treated with protocol 1 + 1 (two 1 g doses 2 weeks apart), and nine treated with protocol 4 (375 mg/m(2)/4 weeks). Mean follow-up was 5.0 years (SD 3.3). Relapse occurred in 18.2%, 80%, and 33.3%, and mean time to relapse was 3.5 (SD 1.5), 1.1 (SD 0.4), and 2.5 (SD 1.4) years, respectively. Based on Kaplan-Meier estimates, patients treated with protocol 4 + 2 had fewer and later relapses than patients treated with the other two protocols (log-rank test P = 0.0001). Patients treated with protocol 1 + 1 had a higher risk of relapse than patients treated with protocol 4 + 2 (HR 112.8, 95% CI, 5.7-2250.4, P = 0.002). Patients treated with protocol 4 showed a trend to a higher risk of relapse than those treated with protocol 4 + 2 (HR 9.2, 95% CI 0.9-91.8, P = 0.059). InterpretationThis study provides class IV evidence that the 4 + 2 rituximab protocol has a lower clinical relapse rate and produces a more durable response than the 1 + 1 and 4 protocols in patients with MuSK MG

Drug-refractory myasthenia gravis : Clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcome

Altres ajuts: R. Alvarez-Velasco was supported by grant SLT008/18/00207 from the Health Research and Innovation Strategic Plan (PERIS). The NMD-ES Project and F. PlaJunca (data curator) are partially funded by the Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER).To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with refractory myasthenia gravis (MG) and to determine the effectiveness and side effects of the drugs used for their treatment. This observational retrospective cross-sectional multicenter study was based on data from the Spanish MG Registry (NMD-ES). Patients were considered refractory when their MG Foundation of America post-interventional status (MGFA-PIS) was unchanged or worse after corticosteroids and two or more other immunosuppressive agents. Clinical and immunologic characteristics of drug-refractory patients, efficiency and toxicity of drugs used, and outcome (MGFA-PIS) at end of follow-up were studied. We included 990 patients from 15 hospitals. Eighty-four patients (68 of 842 anti-acetylcholine receptor [AChR], 5 of 26 anti-muscle-specific tyrosine kinase [MusK], 10 of 120 seronegative, and 1 of 2 double-seropositive patients) were drug refractory. Drug-refractory patients were more frequently women (p < 0.0001), younger at onset (p < 0.0001), and anti-MuSK positive (p = 0.037). Moreover, they more frequently presented a generalized form of the disease, bulbar symptoms, and life-threatening events (p < 0.0001; p = 0.018; and p = 0.002, respectively) than non-drug-refractory patients. Mean follow-up was 9.8 years (SD 4.5). Twenty-four (50%) refractory patients had side effects to one or more of the drugs. At the end of follow-up, 42.9% of drug-refractory patients (42.6% of anti-AChR, 100% of anti-MuSK, and 10% of seronegative patients) and 79.8% of non-drug-refractory patients (p < 0.0001) achieved remission or had minimal manifestations. Eighty percent of drug-refractory-seronegative patients did not respond to any drug tested. In this study, 8.5% of MG patients were drug-refractory. New more specific drugs are needed to treat drug-refractory MG patients

Autoantibody screening in Guillain-Barré syndrome

Background: Guillain?Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory neuropathy with a heterogeneous presentation. Although some evidences support the role of autoantibodies in its pathogenesis, the target antigens remain unknown in a substantial proportion of GBS patients. The objective of this study is to screen for autoantibodies targeting peripheral nerve components in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Methods: Autoantibody screening was performed in serum samples from all GBS patients included in the International GBS Outcome study by 11 different Spanish centres. The screening included testing for anti-ganglioside antibodies, anti-nodo/paranodal antibodies, immunocytochemistry on neuroblastoma-derived human motor neurons and murine dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, and immunohistochemistry on monkey peripheral nerve sections. We analysed the staining patterns of patients and controls. The prognostic value of anti-ganglioside antibodies was also analysed. Results: None of the GBS patients (n = 100) reacted against the nodo/paranodal proteins tested, and 61 (61%) were positive for, at least, one anti-ganglioside antibody. GBS sera reacted strongly against DRG neurons more frequently than controls both with IgG (6% vs 0%; p = 0.03) and IgM (11% vs 2.2%; p = 0.02) immunodetection. No differences were observed in the proportion of patients reacting against neuroblastoma-derived human motor neurons. Reactivity against monkey nerve tissue was frequently detected both in patients and controls, but specific patterns were only detected in GBS patients: IgG from 13 (13%) patients reacted strongly against Schwann cells. Finally, we confirmed that IgG anti-GM1 antibodies are associated with poorer outcomes independently of other known prognostic factor

Distribution and genotype-phenotype correlation of GDAP1 mutations in Spain

Mutations in the GDAP1 gene can cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. These mutations are quite rare in most Western countries but not so in certain regions of Spain or other Mediterranean countries. This cross-sectional retrospective multicenter study analyzed the clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with GDAP1 mutations across Spain. 99 patients were identified, which were distributed across most of Spain, but especially in the Northwest and Mediterranean regions. The most common genotypes were p.R120W (in 81% of patients with autosomal dominant inheritance) and p.Q163X (in 73% of autosomal recessive patients). Patients with recessively inherited mutations had a more severe phenotype, and certain clinical features, like dysphonia or respiratory dysfunction, were exclusively detected in this group. Dominantly inherited mutations had prominent clinical variability regarding severity, including 29% of patients who were asymptomatic. There were minor clinical differences between patients harboring specific mutations but not when grouped according to localization or type of mutation. This is the largest clinical series to date of patients with GDAP1 mutations, and it contributes to define the genetic distribution and genotype-phenotype correlation in this rare form of CMT

Multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase IV-III study to evaluate the efficacy of cloxacillin plus fosfomycin versus cloxacillin alone in adult patients with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: study protocol for the SAFO trial

Introduction: Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteraemia is a frequent condition, with high mortality rates. There is a growing interest in identifying new therapeutic regimens able to reduce therapeutic failure and mortality observed with the standard of care of beta-lactam monotherapy. In vitro and small-scale studies have found synergy between cloxacillin and fosfomycin against S. aureus. Our aim is to test the hypothesis that cloxacillin plus fosfomycin achieves higher treatment success than cloxacillin alone in patients with MSSA bacteraemia. Methods: We will perform a superiority, randomised, open-label, phase IV-III, two-armed parallel group (1:1) clinical trial at 20 Spanish tertiary hospitals. Adults (≥18 years) with isolation of MSSA from at least one blood culture ≤72 hours before inclusion with evidence of infection, will be randomly allocated to receive either cloxacillin 2 g/4-hour intravenous plus fosfomycin 3 g/6-hour intravenous or cloxacillin 2 g/4-hour intravenous alone for 7 days. After the first week, sequential treatment and total duration of antibiotic therapy will be determined according to clinical criteria by the attending physician. Primary endpoints: (1) Treatment success at day 7, a composite endpoint comprising all the following criteria: patient alive, stable or with improved quick-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, afebrile and with negative blood cultures for MSSA at day 7. (2) Treatment success at test of cure (TOC) visit: patient alive and no isolation of MSSA in blood culture or at another sterile site from day 8 until TOC (12 weeks after randomisation). We assume a rate of treatment success of 74% in the cloxacillin group. Accepting alpha risk of 0.05 and beta risk of 0.2 in a two-sided test, 183 subjects will be required in each of the control and experimental groups to obtain statistically significant difference of 12% (considered clinically significant). Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of Bellvitge University Hospital (AC069/18) and from the Spanish Medicines and Healthcare Product Regulatory Agency (AEMPS, AC069/18), and is valid for all participating centres under existing Spanish legislation. The results will be presented at international meetings and will be made available to patients and funders

Genetic landscape of 6089 inherited retinal dystrophies affected cases in Spain and their therapeutic and extended epidemiological implications

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), defined by dysfunction or progressive loss of photoreceptors, are disorders characterized by elevated heterogeneity, both at the clinical and genetic levels. Our main goal was to address the genetic landscape of IRD in the largest cohort of Spanish patients reported to date. A retrospective hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 6089 IRD affected individuals (from 4403 unrelated families), referred for genetic testing from all the Spanish autonomous communities. Clinical, demographic and familiar data were collected from each patient, including family pedigree, age of appearance of visual symptoms, presence of any systemic findings and geographical origin. Genetic studies were performed to the 3951 families with available DNA using different molecular techniques. Overall, 53.2% (2100/3951) of the studied families were genetically characterized, and 1549 different likely causative variants in 142 genes were identified. The most common phenotype encountered is retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (55.6% of families, 2447/4403). The most recurrently mutated genes were PRPH2, ABCA4 and RS1 in autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR) and X-linked (XL) NON-RP cases, respectively; RHO, USH2A and RPGR in AD, AR and XL for non-syndromic RP; and USH2A and MYO7A in syndromic IRD. Pathogenic variants c.3386G > T (p.Arg1129Leu) in ABCA4 and c.2276G > T (p.Cys759Phe) in USH2A were the most frequent variants identified. Our study provides the general landscape for IRD in Spain, reporting the largest cohort ever presented. Our results have important implications for genetic diagnosis, counselling and new therapeutic strategies to both the Spanish population and other related populations.This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) of the Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS; PI16/00425 and PI19/00321), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, 06/07/0036), IIS-FJD BioBank (PT13/0010/0012), Comunidad de Madrid (CAM, RAREGenomics Project, B2017/BMD-3721), European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), the Organización Nacional de Ciegos Españoles (ONCE), Fundación Ramón Areces, Fundación Conchita Rábago and the University Chair UAM-IIS-FJD of Genomic Medicine. Irene Perea-Romero is supported by a PhD fellowship from the predoctoral Program from ISCIII (FI17/00192). Ionut F. Iancu is supported by a grant from the Comunidad de Madrid (CAM, PEJ-2017-AI/BMD7256). Marta del Pozo-Valero is supported by a PhD grant from the Fundación Conchita Rábago. Berta Almoguera is supported by a Juan Rodes program from ISCIII (JR17/00020). Pablo Minguez is supported by a Miguel Servet program from ISCIII (CP16/00116). Marta Corton is supported by a Miguel Servet program from ISCIII (CPII17/00006). The funders played no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, manuscript preparation and/or publication decisions