Modo semipresencial y prácticas de laboratorio: propuesta para un curso optativo en Ciencias Veterinarias

Dentro del plan de estudios de la carrera de Veterinaria de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCV-UNLP), se plantea un ciclo orientado con cursos optativos. En ese contexto, desde 2015, y en el marco de proyectos de investigación y educación en las Ciencias Veterinarias, se acredita el proyecto “La educación a distancia como modelo alternativo para el dictado de cursos optativos o electivos”, incorporando este curso a la modalidad semipresencial. Actualmente, consta de ocho clases virtuales y tres presenciales de prácticas de Laboratorio. Las virtuales se suben cada siete días, con material elaborado por los docentes, utilizando varios de los recursos que ofrece la plataforma. Como canal de comunicación asincrónica, se ofrece un foro de consulta y debate. También se utiliza el correo interno, Facebook y un Blog con información adicional. Esta experiencia señala que la semipresencialidad es una metodología aceptada por el alumno, que le ofrece autonomía e independencia y lo prepara para enfrentar la práctica presencial de Laboratorio.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Therapeutic exercise to improve motor function among children with Down Syndrome aged 0 to 3 years: a systematic literature review and meta‑analysis

Los efectos y los parámetros de prescripción del ejercicio terapéutico no están claros. Por ello, es necesario determinar el efecto de los ejercicios terapéuticos sobre la función motora de niños con Síndrome de Down (SD) de 0 a 3 años. El presente estudio es una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis de los resultados de efectividad en esta población: marcha, equilibrio, desarrollo motor, habilidades motoras finas y funciones ejecutivas. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos de PubMed, PEDro, EMBASE, SCIELO, Lilacs, Cochrane Library desde enero hasta diciembre de 2019. Reclutamos ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión en nuestro estudio. Se incluyeron seis estudios y 151 participantes. Se identificaron dos tipos de ejercicios terapéuticos, aeróbicos y neuromusculares. Ambos tipos de ejercicio fueron efectivos para mejorar los resultados. No hubo diferencias entre los modos de aplicación del ejercicio. No se identificaron diferencias entre la cinta de correr y el plan de fisioterapia para la reducción del tiempo para alcanzar la marcha independiente, Diferencia de Medias (DM) 46,79, Intervalo de Confianza (IC) del 95% (−32,60, 126,19), ni para el aumento de la velocidad de la marcha DM 0,10 IC (− 0,02, 0,21) m/s. Este estudio sugiere que la terapia con ejercicios aeróbicos tiene un papel potencialmente efectivo para promover la marcha y el desarrollo motor de niños con SD de 0 a 3 años cuando se aplica en una cinta rodante con una frecuencia de 5 días, una duración de 6 a 8 min. y una intensidad de entre 0,2 y 0,5 m/s. Se requieren estudios con menor heterogeneidad y tamaños de muestra más grandes. No se identificaron diferencias entre la cinta de correr y el plan de fisioterapia para la reducción del tiempo para alcanzar la marcha independiente, Diferencia de Medias (DM) 46,79, Intervalo de Confianza (IC) del 95% (−32,60, 126,19), ni para el aumento de la velocidad de la marcha DM 0,10 IC (− 0,02, 0,21) m/s. Este estudio sugiere que la terapia con ejercicios aeróbicos tiene un papel potencialmente efectivo para promover la marcha y el desarrollo motor de niños con SD de 0 a 3 años cuando se aplica en una cinta rodante con una frecuencia de 5 días, una duración de 6 a 8 min. y una intensidad de entre 0,2 y 0,5 m/s. Se requieren estudios con menor heterogeneidad y tamaños de muestra más grandes. No se identificaron diferencias entre la cinta de correr y el plan de fisioterapia para la reducción del tiempo para alcanzar la marcha independiente, Diferencia de Medias (DM) 46,79, Intervalo de Confianza (IC) del 95% (−32,60, 126,19), ni para el aumento de la velocidad de la marcha DM 0,10 IC (− 0,02, 0,21) m/s. Este estudio sugiere que la terapia con ejercicios aeróbicos tiene un papel potencialmente efectivo para promover la marcha y el desarrollo motor de niños con SD de 0 a 3 años cuando se aplica en una cinta rodante con una frecuencia de 5 días, una duración de 6 a 8 min. y una intensidad de entre 0,2 y 0,5 m/s. Se requieren estudios con menor heterogeneidad y tamaños de muestra más grandes. Este estudio sugiere que la terapia con ejercicios aeróbicos tiene un papel potencialmente efectivo para promover la marcha y el desarrollo motor de niños con SD de 0 a 3 años cuando se aplica en una cinta rodante con una frecuencia de 5 días, una duración de 6 a 8 min. y una intensidad de entre 0,2 y 0,5 m/s. Se requieren estudios con menor heterogeneidad y tamaños de muestra más grandes. Este estudio sugiere que la terapia con ejercicios aeróbicos tiene un papel potencialmente efectivo para promover la marcha y el desarrollo motor de niños con SD de 0 a 3 años cuando se aplica en una cinta rodante con una frecuencia de 5 días, una duración de 6 a 8 min. y una intensidad de entre 0,2 y 0,5 m/s. Se requieren estudios con menor heterogeneidad y tamaños de muestra más grandes.Q1The effects and the prescription parameters of therapeutic exercise are not clear. For this reason, is needed to determine the effect of therapeutic exercises on the motor function of children with Down Syndrome (DS) aged 0 to 3 years. The present study is systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness outcomes in this population: gait, balance, motor development, fine motor skills, and executive functions. The databases of PubMed, PEDro, EMBASE, SCIELO, Lilacs, Cochrane library were searched from January to December 2019. We recruited Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) which met the inclusion criteria in our study. Six studies and 151 participants were included. Two types of therapeutic exercises, aerobic and neuromuscular, were identified. Both types of exercise were effective in improving outcomes. There were no differences between the modes of application of the exercise. No differences were identified between the treadmill and the physiotherapy plan for the reduction of the time to reach independent walking, Mean Difference (MD) 46.79, 95% Confidence Interval (IC) (− 32.60, 126.19), nor for the increase in walking speed MD 0.10 IC (− 0.02, 0.21) m/s. This study suggests that aerobic exercise therapy has a potentially effective role to promote the gait and motor development of children with DS aged 0 to 3 years when it is applied using a treadmill with a frequency of 5 days, a duration of 6–8 min, and an intensity of between 0.2 and 0.5 m/s. Studies with less heterogeneity and larger sample sizes are required.Revista Internacional - IndexadaS

Prenatal stimulation. Results in the peripartum period

Durante el proceso gestacional, el estrés prolongado y las preocupaciones que genera este período pueden alterar el desarrollo y la función del hemisferio derecho; de ahí la importancia que se atribuye a los distintos programas de estimulación temprana dirigido a las mujeres gestantes. Objetivos: Determinar los resultados perinatales en el momento del parto de las mujeres que recibieron el programa de estimulación prenatal. Material: Se realizó un estudio experimental en cinco áreas de salud del municipio de Cienfuegos (Cuba) para identificar los resultados perinatales en el momento del parto y de las mujeres que recibieron el programa de estimulación prenatal. Metodología: Se efectuó una muestra intencional de la totalidad del universo, correspondiente a una n = 200 embarazadas, entre las 20 y las 28 semanas de gestación. Las variables estudiadas fueron la duración del trabajo del parto, el peso del recién nacido, el apgar al nacimiento, el tipo de parto y la opinión que las mujeres estudiadas tenían sobre el programa. Resultados: En el 36% de la población estudiada, el trabajo del parto fue menor de 6 horas. En el 67,5%, el recién nacido tuvo un peso comprendido entre 2.500 y 3.000 gramos y para el 96,5% de los hijos de las madres estimuladas, el apgar al nacer fue evaluado entre 8 y 9. En el 68,5% de las mujeres que recibieron el programa de estimulación, su parto fue eutócico y el 96% de las mujeres participantes está satisfecha con el programa recibido. Conclusiones. Se ha demostrado que estos nuevos programas de estimulación prenatal son bien aceptadas por la embarazada.During pregnancy, the prolonged stress and worry felt by mothers can alter the development and function of the right brain hemisphere. For this reason, importance is given to prenatal stimulation programs for pregnant women. Objectives: To determine the perinatal results in the moment of childbirth in mothers who had participated in prenatal stimulation programs. Material. An experimental study was conducted in five health districts in the town of Cienfuegos (Cuba) with a view to identifying the perinatal results at the moment of childbirth in women that had participated in prenatal stimulation programs. Methodology: The study consisted of an intentional sampling of all of the subjects (n = 200 women who were 20-28 weeks pregnant). The variables studied were the following: duration of labor, baby’s birth weight, Apgar score at birth, type of childbirth, and opinion of the subjects about the prenatal stimulation program. Results: Of the population sample, 36% of the subjects gave birth in less than six hours; 67.5% had babies weighing 2,500-3,000 grams; and 96.5% had babies whose Apgar scores were between 8 and 9. Finally, 68.5% of the subjects had natural childbirths and 96% were satisfied with the prenatal stimulation program. Conclusions. The results obtained showed that these new prenatal stimulation programs were well received by the subjects in this study

Comparison between electrochemical capacitors based on NaOH and KOH activated carbons

This work describes the chemical activation of a coke using two different activating agents to investigate their behavior as electrodes in supercapacitors. A coke was chemically activated with two hydroxides (KOH and NaOH) under nitrogen flow, at a constant mass hydroxide/coke ratio of 2 and temperatures of 600, 650, and 700 °C. All of the samples were characterized in terms of porosity by N2 sorption at 77 K, surface chemistry by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and electrical conductivity. Their electrochemical behavior as electric double-layer capacitors was determined using galvanostatic, voltammetric, and impedance spectroscopy techniques in an aqueous medium with 1 M H2SO4 as the electrolyte. Large differences in capacitive behavior with the increase in the current density were found between the two series of activated samples. The different trends were correlated with the results obtained from the TPD analysis of the CO-type oxygen groups. It was found that these oxygen groups make a positive contribution to capacitance, finding a good correlation between the specific capacitance values, and the amount of these oxygen groups was found for both series.This work was supported by the MICIN (Project MAT2007-61467).Peer reviewe

Development of Peptide Targeted PLGA-PEGylated Nanoparticles Loading Licochalcone-A for Ocular Inflammation

Licochalcone-A is a natural compound with anti-inflammatory properties. However, it possesses low water solubility, making its application for the treatment of ocular inflammation difficult. To overcome this drawback, biodegradable nanoparticles incorporating Licochalcone-A have been developed. Additionally, to avoid fast clearance and increase cellular internalization into the ocular tissues, PLGA nanoparticles have been functionalized using PEG and cell penetrating peptides (Tet-1 and B6). To optimize the formulations, a factorial design was carried out and short-term stability of the nanoparticles was studied. Moreover, morphology was also observed by transmission electron microcopy and in vitro drug release was carried out. Ocular tolerance of the formulations was ensured in vitro and in vivo and anti-inflammatory therapeutic efficacy was also assessed. Surface functionalized nanoparticles loading Licochalcone-A were developed with an average size below 200 nm, a positive surface charge, and a monodisperse population. The formulations were non-irritant and showed a prolonged Licochalcone-A release. Despite the fact that both Licochalcone-A Tet-1 and B6 functionalized nanoparticles demonstrated to be suitable for the treatment of ocular inflammation, B6 targeted nanoparticles provided greater therapeutic efficacy in in vivo assays. Keywords: Licochalcone-A; nanoparticles; ocular inflammation; cell-penetrating peptides; PLG

Palaeoenvironmental significance of Late Permian palaeosols in the South-Eastern Iberian Ranges, Spain

The Late Permian (Wuchiapingian) Alcotas Formation in the SE Iberian Ranges consists of one red alluvial succession where abundant soil profiles developed. Detailed petrographical and sedimentological studies in seven sections of the Alcotas Formation allow six different types of palaeosols, with distinctive characteristics and different palaeogeographical distribution, to be distinguished throughout the South-eastern Iberian Basin. These characteristics are, in turn, related to topographic, climatic and tectonic controls. The vertical distribution of the palaeosols is used to differentiate the formation in three parts from bottom to top showing both drastic and gradual vertical upwards palaeoenvironmental changes in the sections. Reconstruction of palaeoenvironmental conditions based on palaeosols provides evidence for understanding the events that occurred during the Late Permian, some few millions of years before the well-known Permian-Triassic global crisis

Neurodegeneration and astrogliosis in the entorhinal cortex in Alzheimer’s disease: Stereological layer-specific assessment and proteomic analysis

Introduction: The entorhinal cortex is among the earliest areas involved in Alzheimer’s disease. Volume reduction and neural loss in this area have been widely reported. Human entorhinal cortex atrophy is, in part, due to neural loss, but microglial and/or astroglial involvement in the different layers remains unclear. Additionally, -omic approaches in the human entorhinal cortex are scarce. Methods: Herein, stereological layer-specific and proteomic analyses were carried out in the human brain. Results: Neurodegeneration, microglial reduction, and astrogliosis have been demonstrated, and proteomic data have revealed relationships with up- (S100A6, PPP1R1B, BAG3, and PRDX6) and downregulated (GSK3B, SYN1, DLG4, and RAB3A) proteins. Namely, clusters of these proteins were related to synaptic, neuroinflammatory, and oxidative stress processes. Discussion: Differential layer involvement among neural and glial populations determined by proteinopathies and identified proteins related to neurodegeneration and astrogliosis could explain how the cortical circuitry facilitates pathological spreading within the medial temporal lobe.Introducción La corteza entorrinal se encuentra entre las primeras áreas involucradas en la enfermedad de Alzheimer. La reducción de volumen y la pérdida neural en esta área han sido ampliamente reportadas. La atrofia de la corteza entorrinal humana se debe, en parte, a la pérdida neural, pero la participación microglial y/o astroglial en las diferentes capas sigue sin estar clara. Además, los enfoques -ómicos en la corteza entorrinal humana son escasos. Métodos En este documento, se llevaron a cabo análisis proteómicos y específicos de capa estereológica en el cerebro humano. Resultados Se ha demostrado la neurodegeneración, la reducción microglial y la astrogliosis, y los datos proteómicos han revelado relaciones con proteínas reguladas al alza (S100A6, PPP1R1B, BAG3 y PRDX6) y a la baja (GSK3B, SYN1, DLG4 y RAB3A). Es decir, los grupos de estas proteínas estaban relacionados con procesos de estrés oxidativo, neuroinflamatorio y sináptico. Discusión La participación de capas diferenciales entre poblaciones neurales y gliales determinada por proteinopatías y proteínas identificadas relacionadas con la neurodegeneración y la astrogliosis podría explicar cómo el circuito cortical facilita la propagación patológica dentro del lóbulo temporal medial

Validation of an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Major Elements in Farmed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

An inductively coupled plasma−optical emission spectrometry method was optimized and validated for the determination of major elements (Ca, K, Mg, Na and P) in cultivated freshwater fish (rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss). The method was validated by analysis of a Certified Reference Material, consisting in a frozen tissue homogenate from lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush namaycush). The linearity of this method was very good, as evidenced by the coefficients of correlation (r) for calibration graphs that were higher than 0.9999 in all cases and by linearity test (response factor <5% and relative calibration graph slope <2%). Accuracy, expressed as relative recovery (%) in comparison with certified concentration ranged from 100 to 109%, and precision, expressed as residual standard deviation (%) ranged from 1.2 to 6.5% (repeatability) and from 1.0 to 9.6% (reproducibility). The limit of quantification ranged from 4 ng/mL (Ca and Mg) to 203 ng/mL (P). The optimized method was applied to major element determination in skin and muscle samples from rainbow trout fillets

Simplifying the detection of MUTYH mutations by high resolution melting analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>MUTYH</it>-associated polyposis (MAP) is a disorder caused by bi-allelic germline <it>MUTYH </it>mutation, characterized by multiple colorectal adenomas. In order to identify mutations in <it>MUTYH </it>gene we applied High Resolution Melting (HRM) genotyping. HRM analysis is extensively employed as a scanning method for the detection of heterozygous mutations. Therefore, we applied HRM to show effectiveness in detecting homozygous mutations for these clinically important and frequent patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this study, we analyzed phenotype and genotype data from 82 patients, with multiple (>= 10) synchronous (19/82) or metachronous (63/82) adenomas and negative <it>APC </it>study (except one case). Analysis was performed by HRM-PCR and direct sequencing, in order to identify mutations in <it>MUTYH </it>exons 7, 12 and 13, where the most prevalent mutations are located. In monoallelic mutation carriers, we evaluated entire <it>MUTYH </it>gene in search of another possible alteration. HRM-PCR was performed with strict conditions in several rounds: the first one to discriminate the heteroduplex patterns and homoduplex patterns and the next ones, in order to refine and confirm parameters. The genotypes obtained were correlated to phenotypic features (number of adenomas (synchronous or metachronous), colorectal cancer (CRC) and family history).</p> <p>Results</p> <p><it>MUTYH </it>germline mutations were found in 15.8% (13/82) of patients. The hot spots, Y179C (exon 7) and G396D (exon 13), were readily identified and other mutations were also detected. Each mutation had a reproducible melting profile by HRM, both heterozygous mutations and homozygous mutations. In our study of 82 patients, biallelic mutation is associated with being a carrier of ≥10 synchronous polyps (p = 0.05) and there is no association between biallelic mutation and CRC (p = 0.39) nor family history (p = 0.63). G338H non-pathogenic polymorphism (exon 12) was found in 23.1% (19/82) of patients. In all cases there was concordance between HRM (first and subsequent rounds) and sequencing data.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Here, we describe a screening method, HRM, for the detection of both heterozygous and homozygous mutations in the gene encoding <it>MUTYH </it>in selected samples of patients with phenotype of MAP. We refine the capabilities of HRM-PCR and apply it to a gene not yet analyzed by this tool. As clinical decisions will increasingly rely on molecular medicine, the power of identifying germline mutations must be continuously evaluated and improved.</p

Exposición bibliográfica: "Curiosidades da BUSC": Claustro alto do Pazo de Fonseca, abril 2017

Obra que recolle o catálogo que, co gallo da celebración do día do libro do ano 2017, a Biblioteca Xeral da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela organizou exhibindo unha pequena exposición bibliográfica co título de "Curiosidades da BUSC" no claustro alto do Pazo de Fonseca en Santiago de Compostela no mes de abril de 2017 cunha mostra de libros, documentos e mapas dos fondos da BUSC que contiveran algunha particularidade que merecera ser amosad