A “quebra” de 1933 na teoria de Carl Schmitt

Resumo: Uma interpretação da teoria de Carl Schmitt, que assumiu uma completa reviravolta de suas intenções, depois de 1933, ganhou relevância, contudo de demonstra equivocada. A tentativa de interpretar a teoria de Schmitt como uma sequência de descontinuidades abruptas revela uma falha na percepção da continuidade no desenvolvimento social real antes e depois de 1933.A diferença potencial entre a autocompreensão do autor e a intenção objetiva de seu trabalho dificilmente é reconhecida no reducionismo biográfico, de modo que se acredita que seja possível encontrar a “chave” para o trabalho de Schmitt em seus registros diários, suas declarações empáticas ao catolicismo e suas opiniões sobre a política. Desta maneira, a teoria de Schmitt é, ou reduzida a uma opinião baseada em teologia política, ou entendida como um buraco em termos de sua relação com o Nacional Socialismo

A “QUEBRA” DE 1933 NA TEORIA DE CARL SCHMITT

Resumo: Uma interpretação da teoria de Carl Schmitt, que assumiu uma completa reviravolta de suas intenções, depois de 1933, ganhou relevância, contudo de demonstra equivocada. A tentativa de interpretar a teoria de Schmitt como uma sequência de descontinuidades abruptas revela uma falha na percepção da continuidade no desenvolvimento social real antes e depois de 1933.A diferença potencial entre a autocompreensão do autor e a intenção objetiva de seu trabalho dificilmente é reconhecida no reducionismo biográfico, de modo que se acredita que seja possível encontrar a “chave” para o trabalho de Schmitt em seus registros diários, suas declarações empáticas ao catolicismo e suas opiniões sobre a política. Desta maneira, a teoria de Schmitt é, ou reduzida a uma opinião baseada em teologia política, ou entendida como um buraco em termos de sua relação com o Nacional Socialismo

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

A “quebra” de 1933 na teoria de Carl Schmitt

An interpretation of Carl Schmitt's theory, which tooka complete turn around of his intentions, after 1933, gained relevance, but of a wrong demonstration. The attempt to interpret Schmitt's theory as a sequence of abrupt discontinuities reveals a failure to perceive continuity in real social development before and after 1933. The potential difference between the author's self-understanding and the objective intent of his work is hardly recognized in biographical reductionism, so it is believed that it is possible to find the "key" to Schmitt's work in his daily records, his empathic statements to Catholicism, and his view son politics. In this way, Schmitt's theory is either reduced to an opinion based on political theology, or understood as a hole in terms of its relation to National SocialismUma interpretação da teoria de Carl Schmitt, que assumiu uma completa reviravolta de suas intenções, depois de 1933, ganhou relevância, contudo de demonstra equivocada. A tentativa de interpretar a teoria de Schmitt como uma sequência de descontinuidades abruptas revela uma falha na percepção da continuidade no desenvolvimento social real antes e depois de 1933.A diferença potencial entre a autocompreensão do autor e a intenção objetiva de seu trabalho dificilmente é reconhecida no reducionismo biográfico, de modo que se acredita que seja possível encontrar a “chave” para o trabalho de Schmitt em seus registros diários, suas declarações empáticas ao catolicismo e suas opiniões sobre a política. Desta maneira, a teoria de Schmitt é, ou reduzida a uma opinião baseada em teologia política, ou entendida como um buraco em termos de sua relação com o Nacional Socialismo