Percepción de los hijos y sus padres sobre las prácticas parentales y su relación con el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de primaria de una Institución Educativa de Gestión Privada

Usualmente se toma en cuenta a los docentes, estudiantes y las políticas educativas como los principales actores en el proceso educativo, dejando de lado el rol de los padres de familia y su importancia en lograr la meta de una educación de calidad. Es por ello que la presente investigación tiene por objetivo determinar la percepción de los hijos y sus padres sobre las prácticas parentales y su relación con el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de primaria de una institución educativa de gestión privada. La presente investigación es del tipo cuantitativo, con un diseño descriptivo, correlacional y transversal. La selección de la muestra fue del tipo censal, es así que la población fue de 112 estudiantes del sexo femenino que se encontraban cursando el quinto (32.1%) y sexto grado (67.9%) del nivel primario en una institución educativa privada de la ciudad de Arequipa. Se aplicó el cuestionario sobre Prácticas Parentales de Alabama (Shelton, Frick & Wootton, 1996) y el rendimiento fue tomado del registro de notas. Los principales resultados indican que hay una relación estadísticamente significativa entre las notas de los estudiantes y su percepción sobre el involucramiento de sus madres (χ2=14.255; p< .001), su percepción sobre la parentalidad positiva de sus padres (χ2=10.819; p= .004) y su percepción sobre la pobre supervisión de sus padres (χ2=4.585; p= .032). Se concluye que prácticas parentales que implican un mayor involucramiento de los padres en la educación de sus hijos se asocian con un mayor rendimiento académico

Fecundidad de adolescentes en el Perú. Un estudio basado en la ENDES 2021

Objetivo. Determinar la tasa de fecundidad de las adolescentes y su relación con las características sociodemográficas y uso de métodos anticonceptivos en el Perú según la ENDES 2021. Métodos. Estudio de tipo básico, cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal y descriptivo correlacional simple. Se realizó a partir del ENDES 2021, con una muestra de 8211 encuestas de adolescentes. Se estimaron recuentos no ponderados y ponderados, se utilizó la prueba chi cuadrado para establecer relación de variables. Resultados. La tasa de fecundidad para el 2021, fue de 102.78 nacimientos por cada 1000 adolescentes. Las adolescentes embarazadas o que ya eran madres en su mayoría se encontraban entre 18 y 19 años (57.9%), tenían nivel educativo secundario (81.3%), índice de riqueza muy pobre (37.2%), usaron métodos anticonceptivos modernos (81.8%) y provenían de las regiones del norte (Loreto, La Libertad y Piura). Conclusiones. Por cada 1000 adolescentes entre 12 y 19 años a nivel nacional, existe 102 nacimientos; la fecundidad se relaciona muy significativamente con la edad, el nivel educativo, el índice de riqueza, los métodos anticonceptivos modernos y el lugar de procedencia. (p = 0.000).Objective. To determine the adolescent fertility rate and its relationship with sociodemographic characteristics and use of contraceptive methods in Peru according to the ENDES. Methods. Basic, quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional and simple descriptive-correlational study. It was carried out based on the ENDES 2021, with a sample of 8211 adolescent surveys. Unweighted and weighted counts were estimated, and the chi-square test was used to establish the relationship between variables. Results. The fertility rate for 2021 was 102.78 births per 1000 adolescents. Most of the adolescents who were pregnant or already mothers were between 18 and 19 years of age (57.9%), had secondary education (81.3%), had a very poor wealth index (37.2%), used modern contraceptive methods (81.8%) and came from the northern regions (Loreto, La Libertad and Piura). Conclusions. Nationally, for every 1000 adolescents between 12 and 19 years of age, there were 102 births; fertility is very significantly related to age, educational level, wealth index, modern contraceptive methods and place of origin. (p = 0.000)

Determinación de los objetivos parciales de un proyecto, aplicando la ruta más larga

This document is about the problem of what it means to establish the partial project objectives addressed when its importance is minimized or is unfounded. Sometimes they resort to Gantt chart as a solution, but as you will see later, this is not the best option. A wrong approach to these objectives can alter the allocation of tasks and therefore not arrive at the expected results, manifest lack of control in material and human resources.The proposal is to use the technique of Project Evaluation and Review Technique, on estimates for determining the activities to time. Hence, to conform to group what are the partial objectives? This is a proposal that avoids imposing objectives, and activities that bring together rationally, these goals are established as a consequence and not as a condition.En el presente documento se aborda la problemática de lo que significa el establecer los objetivos parciales de un proyecto, cuando se minimiza su importancia o se carece de fundamento. En ocasiones se recurre al diagrama de Gantt como solución, pero como se verá más adelante, ésta no es la mejor opción. Un mal planteamiento de estos objetivos, puede alterar la asignación de tareas y por ello, el no arribar a los resultados esperados, en un descontrol manifiesto en recursos materiales y humanos. La propuesta consiste en recurrir a la técnica de Project Evaluation and Review Technique, que permite determinar en tiempos estimados las actividades a desarrollar. De ahí­, al agruparlas se conforman lo que son los objetivos parciales. Esta es una propuesta que evita la imposición de objetivos, ya que al aglutinar actividades de manera racional, estos objetivos se establecen como una consecuencia y no como una condición

The limit of the right to health based on the analysis of the Constitutional Court Judgment in File No. 01146-2021

Este trabajo expone y analiza la Sentencia emitida en el Expediente N° 01146-2021-AA/TC por el Tribunal Constitucional, originado por un recurso de agravio constitucional interpuesto por el ciudadano Zapata Silva, Andrés Amílcar, a favor de Zapata López, Pablo José en contra la Segunda Sala Especializada en lo Civil de la Corte Superior de Justicia de Lima, ello debido a que el demandante pretendía que se inaplique el numeral 8, literal b), del artículo 29° del Decreto Supremo N° 002-2015-IN - Reglamento de la Ley del Fondo de Aseguramiento en Salud de la Policía Nacional del Perú, el cual impedía que la Gerencia General de SALUDPOL, adquiera y entregue a su favor material biomédico de ayuda auditiva, conculcando así los derechos de igualdad ante la Ley, a la salud, a la vida, a la seguridad social; y, al libre desarrollo de la personalidad de una persona con discapacidad. Para realizar el análisis del caso, hemos consultado diversas bases conceptuales; entre éstos, normas jurídicas, Sentencias del Tribunal Constitucional, artículos científicos y libros. Con ello, concordamos con la decisión adoptada por el Tribunal Constitucional, y consideramos que era necesario que el caso se resolviera de esa forma, amparando la demanda, flexibilizando la normas que regulaban las exclusiones sobre la cobertura del seguro policial, atendiendo a los derechos fundamentales y en resguardo del bienestar de las personas con discapacidad, quienes también tienen derecho a gozar de la protección a su derecho a la salud en forma óptima en un estado social y de derecho.This work exposes and analyzes the Judgment issued in File No. 01146-2021-AA/TC by the Constitutional Court, originated by a constitutional grievance appeal filed by the citizen Zapata Silva, Andrés Amílcar, in favor of Zapata López, Pablo José against the Second Specialized Civil Matters Chamber of the Superior Court of Justice of Lima, this is because the plaintiff sought to disapply numeral 8, literal b), of article 29 of Supreme Decree No. 002-2015- IN - Regulation of the Law of the Health Insurance Fund of the National Police of Peru, which prevented the General Management of SALUDPOL from acquiring and delivering biomedical hearing aid material in its favor, thus violating the rights of equality before the Law , to health, to life, to social security; and, to the free development of the personality of a person with a disability. To carry out the analysis of the case, we have consulted various conceptual bases; among these, legal norms, rulings of the Constitutional Court, scientific articles and books. We agree with the decision adopted by the Constitutional Court, and we consider that it was necessary for the case to be resolved in this way, protecting the claim , making the regulations that regulated exclusions on police insurance coverage more flexible, taking into account fundamental rights and safeguarding the well-being of people with disabilities, who also have the right to enjoy the protection of their right to health in an optimal way in a social and legal state.Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesiona

Source specific exposure and risk assessment for indoor aerosols

Poor air quality is a leading contributor to the global disease burden and total number of deaths worldwide. Humans spend most of their time in built environments where the majority of the inhalation exposure occurs. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is challenged by outdoor air pollution entering indoors through ventilation and infiltration and by indoor emission sources. The aim of this study was to understand the current knowledge level and gaps regarding effective approaches to improve IAQ. Emission regulations currently focus on outdoor emissions, whereas quantitative understanding of emissions from indoor sources is generally lacking. Therefore, specific indoor sources need to be identified, characterized, and quantified according to their environmental and human health impact. The emission sources should be stored in terms of relevant metrics and statistics in an easily accessible format that is applicable for source specific exposure assessment by using mathematical mass balance modelings. This forms a foundation for comprehensive risk assessment and efficient interventions. For such a general exposure assessment model we need 1) systematic methods for indoor aerosol emission source assessment, 2) source emission documentation in terms of relevant a) aerosol metrics and b) biological metrics, 3) default model parameterization for predictive exposure modeling, 4) other needs related to aerosol characterization techniques and modeling methods. Such a general exposure assessment model can be applicable for private, public, and occupational indoor exposure assessment, making it a valuable tool for public health professionals, product safety designers, industrial hygienists, building scientists, and environmental consultants working in the field of IAQ and health

Health-status outcomes with invasive or conservative care in coronary disease

BACKGROUND In the ISCHEMIA trial, an invasive strategy with angiographic assessment and revascularization did not reduce clinical events among patients with stable ischemic heart disease and moderate or severe ischemia. A secondary objective of the trial was to assess angina-related health status among these patients. METHODS We assessed angina-related symptoms, function, and quality of life with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at randomization, at months 1.5, 3, and 6, and every 6 months thereafter in participants who had been randomly assigned to an invasive treatment strategy (2295 participants) or a conservative strategy (2322). Mixed-effects cumulative probability models within a Bayesian framework were used to estimate differences between the treatment groups. The primary outcome of this health-status analysis was the SAQ summary score (scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status). All analyses were performed in the overall population and according to baseline angina frequency. RESULTS At baseline, 35% of patients reported having no angina in the previous month. SAQ summary scores increased in both treatment groups, with increases at 3, 12, and 36 months that were 4.1 points (95% credible interval, 3.2 to 5.0), 4.2 points (95% credible interval, 3.3 to 5.1), and 2.9 points (95% credible interval, 2.2 to 3.7) higher with the invasive strategy than with the conservative strategy. Differences were larger among participants who had more frequent angina at baseline (8.5 vs. 0.1 points at 3 months and 5.3 vs. 1.2 points at 36 months among participants with daily or weekly angina as compared with no angina). CONCLUSIONS In the overall trial population with moderate or severe ischemia, which included 35% of participants without angina at baseline, patients randomly assigned to the invasive strategy had greater improvement in angina-related health status than those assigned to the conservative strategy. The modest mean differences favoring the invasive strategy in the overall group reflected minimal differences among asymptomatic patients and larger differences among patients who had had angina at baseline

Initial invasive or conservative strategy for stable coronary disease

BACKGROUND Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, 121.8 percentage points; 95% CI, 124.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used