ПРОРОЧАНСТВА О ПАДУ ЦАРСТВА У СРПСКИМ И БУГАРСКИМ ЕПСКИМ ПЕСМАМА

The fall of the empire in Serbian and Bulgarian traditional culture is always stylized as a fateful event, the end of the world. Since the empire is in a direct relationship with transcendence, its fall is foretold by prophecies. Having that in mind, the goal of this paper is to show the manifestational forms of prophecies about the end of the world, their semantic field and the images they mediate, through a poetical / aesthetical analysis of pieces of Serbian and Bulgarian epos that thematize the fall of the empire. While interpreting the conceptual role of prophecies within the complex of given themes and motifs, we will also examine their metahistorical, ontological orientation.Пад царства у традицијској култури Срба и Бугара стилизован је као судбоносни догађај, као крај света. Како је царство по средњовековној хришћанској владарској идеологији, сачуваној и у фолклорној култури, у непосредној вези с трансценденцијом, његов крах приказан је и као најaвљен пророчанствима. Отуда ћемо у овом раду кроз поетичко-естетичку анализу српских и бугарских епских песама о паду царства указати на различите облике пророчанстава о пропасти царства, њихово семантичко поље и њима посредоване слике. Тумачећи сижејну и идејну улогу пророчанстава у оквиру тематско-мотивског комплекса о паду царства испитиваћемо и његово метаисторијско, онтолошко усмерење

The Interplay between the Escherichia coli Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Effectors and the Mammalian RhoGEF Inhibitor EspH

Rho GTPases are important regulators of many cellular processes. Subversion of Rho GTPases is a common infection strategy employed by many important human pathogens. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EPEC and EHEC) translocate the effector EspH, which inactivates mammalian Rho guanine exchange factors (GEFs), as well as Map, EspT, and EspM2, which, by mimicking mammalian RhoGEFs, activate Rho GTPases. In this study we found that EspH induces focal adhesion disassembly, triggers cell detachment, activates caspase-3, and induces cytotoxicity. EspH-induced cell detachment and caspase-3 activation can be offset by EspT, EspM2, and the Salmonella Cdc42/Rac1 GEF effector SopE, which remain active in the presence of EspH. EPEC and EHEC therefore use a novel strategy of controlling Rho GTPase activity by translocating one effector to inactivate mammalian RhoGEFs, replacing them with bacterial RhoGEFs. This study also expands the functional range of bacterial RhoGEFs to include cell adhesion and survival

Toward a unified modeling and control for sustainable and resilient electric energy systems

This monograph considers the broad multi-disciplinary problem of providing sustainable and resilient electricity services. It introduces technology-agnostic unified modeling foundations and illustrates their use toward end-to-end cyber design for provable performance of complex electric energy systems

Indole-3-Acetic Acid Metabolism in Lemna gibba Undergoes Dynamic Changes in Response to Growth Temperature

Auxin is the mobile signal controlling the rate of growth and specific aspects of the development of plants. It has been known for over a century that auxins act as the messenger linking plant development to specific environmental changes. An often overlooked aspect of how this is accomplished is the effect of the environment on metabolism of the major plant auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). We have studied the metabolism of IAA in relation to one environmental variable, growth temperature. The model system used was an inbred line of the aquatic monocot Lemna gibba G-3, 3F7-11 grown at temperatures ranging from 5°C to 35°C. IAA levels, the rate of IAA turnover, and the patterns of label incorporation from IAA precursors were measured using stable isotope-mass spectrometric techniques and were evaluated relative to growth at the experimental temperatures. IAA levels exhibited unusually high variability in plants grown at 15°C and 20°C. Turnover rates were quite rapid throughout the range of experimental temperatures except at 25°C, where IAA turnover was notably slower. These results suggest that a transition occurred over these temperatures for some aspect of IAA metabolism. Analysis of [(15)N]anthranilate and [(2)H(5)]tryptophan (Trp) incorporation into IAA showed that Trp-dependent biosynthesis predominated at 15°C; however, Trp-independent biosynthesis of IAA was the major route to IAA at 30°C. The effects of growth temperature on auxin levels have been reported previously, but no prior studies correlated these effects with which pathway becomes the primary one for IAA production

The comparison of melt technologies based on mesoporous carriers for improved carvedilol dissolution

High-shear (HS) melt granulation and hot melt extrusion (HME) were compared as perspective melt-based technologies for preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). ASDs were prepared using mesoporous carriers (SyloidR 244FP or NeusilinR US2), which were loaded with carvedilol dispersed in polymeric matrix (polyethylene glycol 6000 or SoluplusR). Formulations with high carvedilol content were obtained either by HME (11 extrudates with polymer:carrier ratio 1:1) or HS granulation (6 granulates with polymer:carrier ratio 3:1). DSC and XRD analysis confirmed the absence of crystalline carvedilol for the majority of prepared ADSs, thus confirming the stabilizing effect of selected polymers and carriers over amorphous carvedilol. HME produced larger particles compared to HS melt granulation, which was in line with better flow time and Carr index of extrudates. Moreover, SEM images revealed smoother surface of ASDs obtained by HME, contributing to less obstructed flow. The rougher and more porous surface of HS granules was correlated to larger granule specific surface area, manifesting in faster carvedilol release from SyloidR 244FP-based granules, as compared to their HME counterparts. Regarding dissolution, the two HS-formulations performed superior to pure crystalline carvedilol, thereby confirming the suitability of HS melt granulation for developing dosage forms with improved carvedilol dissolution