The state of the body's immune system of beef cows with signs of endotoxicosis

During the development of endotoxicosis of various etiologies, secondary immunodeficiency occurs in animals, which progresses due to exposure to toxic metabolites. The work aimed to study the influence of endotoxicosis on the dynamics of indicators of the immune system of beef cows. The research was conducted on the Ukrainian black and spotted dairy breed beef cows. In cows with signs of endotoxicosis, clinical signs such as swelling of the external genital organs and mammary gland, anemia of the mucous membranes, depressed state, impaired appetite, and functional disorders of the antrum and intestines were characteristic. The main immunological tests characterizing the state of the immune system of beef cows are indicators of humoral immunity (bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum), cellular immunity (T- and B-lymphocytes), indicators of non-specific resistance of the organism (phagocytic activity and phagocytic index). In beef cows with clinical manifestations of endotoxicosis, inhibition of cellular, humoral, and non-specific links of the immune system was established, which led to the development of the so-called secondary immunodeficiency. This is evidenced by a decrease in the bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum, a decrease in the number of T- and B-lymphocytes, and a decrease in the phagocytic index and phagocytic activity of the blood of sick cows. In particular, it was established that the lowest indicator of bactericidal and lysozyme activity was observed in the 9th month of pregnancy in the experimental group of cows, where it decreased by 15.9 and 4.91 %, respectively, compared to the control. In the above study periods, a decrease in the phagocytic activity of neutrophils by 5.04 % and the phagocytic index by 33.3 % was established compared to the indicators of the control group. During the analysis of cellular immunity, similar changes were found in determining the number of T- and B-lymphocytes; they were lower by 12.5 % and 4.19 %, respectively. Changes in the indicators of the immune system are significant and objective markers of the state of the cow's body during the development of endotoxicosis, regardless of its causes

Doxycycline versus prednisolone as an initial treatment strategy for bullous pemphigoid: a pragmatic non-inferiority randomised controlled trial

Background: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a blistering skin disorder with increased mortality. We tested whether a strategy of starting treatment with doxycycline conveys acceptable short-term blister control whilst conferring long-term safety advantages over starting treatment with oral corticosteroids. Methods: Pragmatic multi-centre parallel-group randomised controlled trial of adults with BP (≥3 blisters ≥2 sites and linear basement membrane IgG/C3) plus economic evaluation. Participants were randomised to doxycycline (200 mg/day) or prednisolone (0·5 mg/kg/day). Localised adjuvant potent topical corticosteroids (<30 g/week) was permitted weeks 1-3. The non-inferiority primary effectiveness outcome was the proportion of participants with ≤3 blisters at 6 weeks. We assumed that doxycycline would be 25% less effective than corticosteroids with a 37% acceptable margin of noninferiority. The primary safety outcome was the proportion with severe, life-threatening or fatal treatment-related adverse events by 52 weeks. Analysis used a regression model adjusting for baseline disease severity, age and Karnofsky score, with missing data imputed. Results: 132 patients were randomised to doxycycline and 121 to prednisolone from 54 UK and 7 German dermatology centres. Mean age was 77·7 years and 68.4% had moderate to severe baseline disease. For those starting doxycycline, 83/112 (74·1%) had ≤3 blisters at 6 weeks compared with 92/101 (91·1%) for prednisolone, a difference of 18·6% favouring prednisolone (upper limit of 90% CI, 26·1%, within the predefined 37% margin). Related severe, life-threatening and fatal events at 52 weeks were 18·5% for those starting doxycycline and 36·6% for prednisolone (mITT analysis), an adjusted difference of 19·0% (95% CI, 7·9%, 30·1%, p=0·001). Conclusions: A strategy of starting BP patients on doxycycline is non-inferior to standard treatment with oral prednisolone for short-term blister control and significantly safer long-term

Child Internalizing Problems in Ukraine: The Role of Prosocial and Antisocial Friends and Generalized Self-Efficacy

Child internalizing problems in Ukraine: the role of prosocial and antisocial friends and generalized self-efficacy / Viktor Burlaka, Oleksii Serdiuk, Valerii Sokurenko and etc. // Societies. – 2022. – Vol. 12, Issue 5. – Art. 144. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/soc12050144.Burlaka, V.; Serdiuk, O.; Sung Hong, J.; O’Donnell, L.A.; Maksymenko, S.; Panok, V.; Danylenko, H.; Linskiy, I.; Sokurenko, V.; Churakova, I.; Ilchyshyn, N. Child Internalizing Problems in Ukraine: The Role of Prosocial and Antisocial Friends and Generalized Self-Efficacy. Societies 2022, 12, 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc12050144.Burlaka V, Serdiuk O, Sung Hong J, O’Donnell LA, Maksymenko S, Panok V, Danylenko H, Linskiy I, Sokurenko V, Churakova I, Ilchyshyn N. Child Internalizing Problems in Ukraine: The Role of Prosocial and Antisocial Friends and Generalized Self-Efficacy. Societies. 2022; 12(5):144. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc12050144Burlaka, Viktor, Oleksii Serdiuk, Jun Sung Hong, Lisa A. O’Donnell, Serhii Maksymenko, Vitalii Panok, Heorhii Danylenko, Igor Linskiy, Valerii Sokurenko, Iuliia Churakova, and Nadiya Ilchyshyn. 2022. "Child Internalizing Problems in Ukraine: The Role of Prosocial and Antisocial Friends and Generalized Self-Efficacy" Societies 12, no. 5: 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc12050144.У дослідженні обговорюються культурні та гендерні аспекти соціалізації дитини в контексті асоціальних і просоціальних друзів, а також розвиток проблем інтерналізованої поведінки.The current study examines the association between peer behaviors, self-efficacy, and internalizing symptoms in a sample of 1545 children aged 11 to 13 years old who attended middle schools in eastern Ukraine. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the role of self-efficacy in the relationship between child internalizing behaviors (anxiety, depression, and somatic complaints) and exposure to prosocial and antisocial friends among girls and boys. Higher self-efficacy was linked with fewer internalizing symptoms for girls and boys. For both boys and girls, exposure to prosocial friends was not statistically associated with changes in internalizing behaviors. However, girls and boys who reported having more antisocial friends had significantly more internalizing symptoms. For girls, association with a greater number of prosocial friends and fewer antisocial friends has been linked with higher self-efficacy and fewer internalizing symptoms. For boys, having more prosocial friends was also linked with higher self-efficacy and fewer internalizing symptoms; however, there was no statistically significant association between having more antisocial friends and self-efficacy. The study discusses the cultural and gender aspects of child socialization in the context of antisocial and prosocial friends, and the development of internalizing behavior problems.В исследовании обсуждаются культурные и гендерные аспекты социализации ребенка в контексте асоциальных и просоциальных друзей, а также развитие проблем интернализирующего поведения

Сутність стадії розгляду справи по суті в адміністративному судочинстві

Study of the administrative proceedings order of implementation as a whole involves the determination of the essence of individual stages of such proceedings. The stage of consideration of the case on the merits due to the specificity of the procedural actions involves a number of both procedural actions designed to ensure a full and impartial clarification of the truth in the dispute, as well as compliance with certain issues of the traditionality of the court session. In other words, consideration of the case on its merits is usually carried out within the framework of a court session, which is characterized as the procedural activity of almost all participants in the process, without exception, in one place. This allows for a more qualified (availability of experts and specialists) and objective (possibility to ask participants questions) assessment of the entire evidence base and to reach certain conclusions. The subject of the research is the norms of the current legislation and the scientific views of famous scientists regarding the meaning and content of such a stage as consideration of the case on its merits. During the research, using the methods of scientific analysis, explanation and generalization, an analysis of existing doctrinal developments and norms of current legislation, which determine the order and forms of administrative proceedings in relation to the judicial review of disputes, was carried out. The result of the study is the characterization of such a stage of administrative proceedings as consideration of the case on its merits, through the prism of understanding the tasks and goals of individual procedural actions. The definition of the essence of the case consideration is emphasized separately as a scientific term. The author's definition of the essence of the consideration of the case on the merits is formulated, that is a purposeful set of procedural actions aimed at clarifying all the necessary circumstances of the case, its resolution on the merits, i.e. (non)recognition of the actions or inactions of the parties to the case as illegal or untrue, with the aim of establishing the fairness of public legal relations in society and providing a real opportunity to the subjects of such relations to fully protect their own interests in court. The conclusions presented in the work can be used in the educational process of legal education students and during the development of new draft laws in the field of administrative legislation.Визначено сутність окремих стадій адміністративного судочинства через визначення окремих завдань тих чи інших процесуальних дій, які вчиняються на стадії розгляду справи по суті. Ця стадія з огляду на головне її завдання є ключовою в процесі здійснення судочинства. Наголошено на розумінні стадії як окремого етапу провадження, для якого характерний відкритий принцип змагальності, тобто є реальна можливість у вербальній формі відстоювати свою позицію. Всі інші стадії провадження переважно здійснюються у письмовій формі, тобто без безпосередньої одночасної участі сторін спору. Сутність розгляду справи по суті виявляється у з’ясуванні істини і доведенні своєї правоти через представлення доказів

Особливості клінічного перебігу гострого біліарного панкреатиту

Aim: To study the peculiarities of the clinical course of acute biliary pancreatitis.Material and methods. The clinical course of 207 patients with inflammation of pancreas of biliary origin has been analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic effectiveness of the basic clinical-laboratory symptoms of the acute biliary pancreatitis were determined. Results. Based on the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic effectiveness of clinical and laboratory symptoms, the following forms of the disease were identified: pancreatic-biliary (with symptoms of cholecystitis predominant over pancreatitis symptoms), biliary-pancreatic (prevailing clinical picture of pancreatitis) and intermittent (clinical and laboratory signs of biliary hypertension and acute process in pancreas are normalized on the background of therapy) forms. Conclusion. The main clinical variants of the acute biliary pancreatitis course are pancreatic-biliary, biliary-pancreatic and intermittent forms of the disease.Цель работы — изучить особенности клинического течения острого билиарного панкреатита.Материал и методы. Проанализировано клиническое течение острого билиарного панкреатита у 207 больных. Определены чувствительность, специфичность и диагностическая эффективность основных клинико-лабораторных симптомов острого билиарного панкреатита.Результаты. На основе чувствительности, специфичности и диагностической эффективности клинико-лабораторных симптомов выделено панкреато-билиарную (при которой преобладают симптомы холецистита над симптомами панкреатита), билиарно-панкреатическую (преобладает клиника панкреатита) и интермиттирующую (клинико-лабораторные признаки билиарной гипертензии и острогопроцесса в поджелудочной железе нормализуются на фоне терапии) формы заболевания.Вывод. Основными клиническими вариантами течения острого билиарного панкреатита является панкреато-билиарная, билиарно-панкреатическая и интермиттирующая формы заболевания.Мета роботи — вивчити особливості клінічного перебігу гострого біліарного панкреатиту.Матеріал і методи. Проаналізовано клінічний перебіг 207 хворих на запалення підшлункової залози біліарного генезу. Визначено чутливість, специфічність та діагностичну ефективність основних клініко-лабораторних симптомів гострого біліарного панкреатиту.Результати. На основі чутливості, специфічності та діагностичної ефективності клініко-лабораторних симптомів виділено панкреато-біліарну (при якій переважають симптоми холециститу над симптомами панкреатиту), біліарно-панкреатичну (переважає клініка панкреатиту) та інтермітуючу (клініко-лабораторні ознаки біліарної гіпертензії і гострого процесу в підшлунковій залозі нормалізуються на фоні терапії) форми захворювання.Висновок. Основними клінічними варіантами перебігу гострого біліарного панкреатиту є панкреато-біліарна, біліарно-панкреатична та інтермітуюча форми захворювання