Disfunciones en primates no humanos

Se presenta una revisión sistemática y actualizada de la literatura sobre discapacidad en primates no humanos. La información obtenida muestra que en diversas especies de primates los individuos con malformaciones y otras anormalidades, congénitas o adquiridas, tienen una importante flexibilidad conductual que en muchas ocasiones les permite sobrevivir y reproducirse a pesar de sus limitaciones. En algunos casos se ha observado que los individuos con discapacidad reciben cuidados por parte de sus congéneres, particularmente las crías e infantes. Las madres también muestran flexibilidad conductual para adaptarse a las necesidades y ritmos de los individuos afectados. El cuidado en la discapacidad aparece como un rasgo importante del comportamiento social de los primates no humanos. Por lo anterior, se plantea una crítica a la teoría aun prevaleciente del darwinismo social y su ideología de un mundo que mejora con base en la competencia y supervivencia solo de los más aptos, situación que impacta negativamente en el trato a personas con discapacidad

Utilidade do PET/CT na caracterização do nódulo solitário pulmonar

Introdução – O cancro de pulmão/traqueia e brônquios é a principal causa de morte por neoplasia na União Europeia. A técnica de duas aquisições de imagem em tempos diferentes no Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) tem sido referenciada em alguns artigos como uma mais-valia no diagnóstico do cancro do pulmão. O objectivo deste estudo consiste em avaliar a eficiência diagnóstica do PET/CT com a aquisição das duas imagens em tempos diferentes na caracterização do nódulo solitário pulmonar (NSP), tendo em conta a histologia e o tamanho do nódulo. Metodologia – Foram analisados 115 NSP, num total de 110 pacientes, dos quais 65 nódulos eram malignos. Adquiriram-se duas imagens, a primeira a um tempo médio de 52 minutos e a segunda a um tempo médio de 125 minutos após administração do 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxi-D-glucose (18F-FDG). Para a análise das imagens obteve-se o standard uptake value máximo (SUVmax) e a percentagem de variação dos SUVmax (%variação). Resultados – A %variação apresenta valores de eficiência diagnóstica superiores à análise dos SUVmax em separado. Existem também diferenças significativas na histologia e no SUVmax, registando-se um aumento do SUVmax2 comparativamente ao SUVmax1 nas patologias malignas. Conclusão – A técnica da aquisição de duas imagens em tempos diferentes mostrou ser mais eficaz na caracterização do NSP do que a análise de apenas uma imagem

Factores que influenciam a estabilidade da 18F-FDG

Introdução – A ausência de um ciclotrão para produção da 2-[18F]Flúor-2-deoxi-D-glucose (18F-FDG) é, actualmente, uma realidade para a maior parte dos centros onde se realizam exames de Tomografia por Emissão de Positrões (TEP), sendo importante garantir a qualidade deste radiofármaco desde o momento da sua síntese até à administração ao doente. O objectivo do estudo é demonstrar a influência dos parâmetros temperatura, pH, concentração radioactiva (CR) e tempo na pureza radioquímica da 18F-FDG. Metodologia – Analisou-se o pH e a pureza radioquímica [por cromatografia em camada fina (CCF)] de seis amostras de 18F-FDG com diferentes CR e em diferentes tempos e temperaturas. Resultados – Registou-se um aumento da percentagem de 18F- aquando do aumento do tempo. Contudo, os resultados não comprovam que a diluição das amostras diminui a degradação do 18F-FDG. No entanto, comparando apenas as amostras diluídas (185 e 740 MBq/ml), observa-se uma relação positiva entre a CR e a percentagem de 18F-. Verificou-se ainda um aumento da percentagem de 18F- nas temperaturas mais elevadas. Conclusão – Sugere-se a diluição das amostras de 18F-FDG e que o tempo de armazenamento não seja muito longo. As amostras devem ainda encontrar-se a temperatura e pH estáveis

Relación entre el desarrollo de los patrones motores básicos y el grado de autonomía en alumnos de 2° año básico en dos colegios de distinta dependencia, Santiago

Tesis (Profesor de Educación Física, Licenciado en Educación)En el presente estudio se busca comprobar si existe una relación directa entre los Patrones Motores Básicos y el Grado de Autonomía en niños de Segundo año de Enseñanza Básica, para esto se eligieron los Colegios Sagrados Corazones de Manquehue de dependencia particular y el Colegio Divina Pastora de Ñuñoa de dependencia particular subvencionado; en los cuales se escogieron al azar un total de 60 sujetos, 30 damas y 30 varones, los cuales fueron evaluados mediante 2 Test validados y en igualdad de condiciones para todos los sujetos

NFκB and NLRP3/NLRC4 inflammasomes regulate differentiation, activation and functional properties of monocytes in response to distinct SARS-CoV-2 proteins

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, sólo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMIncreased recruitment of transitional and non-classical monocytes in the lung during SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with COVID-19 severity. However, whether specific innate sensors mediate the activation or differentiation of monocytes in response to different SARS-CoV-2 proteins remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 but not nucleoprotein induce differentiation of monocytes into transitional or non-classical subsets from both peripheral blood and COVID-19 bronchoalveolar lavage samples in a NFκB-dependent manner, but this process does not require inflammasome activation. However, NLRP3 and NLRC4 differentially regulated CD86 expression in monocytes in response to Spike 1 and Nucleoprotein, respectively. Moreover, monocytes exposed to Spike 1 induce significantly higher proportions of Th1 and Th17 CD4 + T cells. In contrast, monocytes exposed to Nucleoprotein reduce the degranulation of CD8 + T cells from severe COVID-19 patients. Our study provides insights in the differential impact of innate sensors in regulating monocytes in response to different SARS-CoV-2 proteins, which might be useful to better understand COVID-19 immunopathology and identify therapeutic targetsI.T. was supported by Fomento de Investigación and FPI-UAM fellowships by Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. E.M.G. and I.T. were funded by PID2021-127899OB-I00 Generación de Conocimiento and CNS2023-144841 consolidación investigadora grants from Agencia Estatal de Investigación. E.M.G. and C.D.A. were also supported by RYC2018-024374-I. Ramón y Cajal Program. E.M.G., M.J.B., and M.G. were supported by REDINCOV by la MARATÓ TV3 (202104-30-31) and La Caixa Foundation HR20-00218. E.M.G., I.S. and I.S.C. were funded by CIBERINFECC from Instituto de Salud Carlos III. O.P. was supported by REDINCOV. MCM was supported by La Caixa Banking Foundation LCF/PR/HR20-00218. IGA was from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) and co-funded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). I.S.C. was supported by the Rio Hortega Grant program (CM21/00157) and CIBERINFECC from Instituto de Salud Carlos III. F.S.M., A.A. were supported by INMUNOVACTER REACTEU grant from Comunidad de Madrid. F.S.M. was also supported by grants PDC2021-121719-I00 and PID-2020-120412RB-I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and competitiveness (MINECO). M.J.B. is supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación project PID2021-123321OB-I00 funded by MCIN /AEI /10.13039/ 501100011033/ FEDER, UE; the Gilead Fellowship GLD22/00152, and the Miguel Servet program funded by the Spanish Health Institute Carlos III (CPII22/00005). N.M.C. was supported by S2022/BMD7209 (INTEGRAMUNE-CM) to N.M.C. C.M.C. was supported by FIS.18/01163. F.S.M. and N.M.C. were also supported by La Caixa Health Research Grant LCF/PR/HR23/52430018. Grants to A.A. from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (FIS PI19/00549; FIS PI22/01542), and Sociedad Cooperativa de Viviendas Buen Suceso, S. Coop. Mad; to A.A. and F.S.M. from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, cofunded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (CIBER Cardiovascular). A.A. was supported by CIBER cardiovascular (CIBERCV) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III. L.E.P. was financed by Inmunovacter REACT-UE (Comunidad de Madrid). We also would like to thank Verónica Labrador from the Microscopy Core from Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares for technical support in confocal image analysi

Plant characterization of genetically modified maize hybrids MON-89Ø34-3 × MON-88Ø17-3, MON-89Ø34-3 × MON-ØØ6Ø3-6, and MON-ØØ6Ø3-6: alternatives for maize production in Mexico

Environmental risk assessment (ERA) of genetically modified (GM) crops is a process to evaluate whether the biotechnology trait(s) in a GM crop may result in increased pest potential or harm to the environment. In this analysis, two GM insect-resistant (IR) herbicide-tolerant maize hybrids (MON-89Ø34-3 9 MON-88Ø17-3 and MON-89Ø34-3 9 MON-ØØ6Ø3-6) and one herbicide-tolerant GM hybrid (MON-ØØ6Ø3-6) were compared with conventional maize hybrids of similar genetic backgrounds. Two sets of studies, Experimental Phase and Pilot Phase, were conducted across five ecological regions (ecoregions) in Mexico during 2009–2013, and data were subject to meta-analysis. Results from the Experimental Phase studies, which were used for ERA, indicated that the three GM hybrids were not different from conventional maize for early stand count, days-tosilking, days-to-anthesis, root lodging, stalk lodging, or final stand count. Statistically significant differences were observed for seedling vigor, ear height, plant height, grain moisture, and grain yield, particularly in the IR hybrids; however, none of these phenotypic differences are expected to contribute to a biological or ecological change that would result in an increased pest potential or ecological risk when cultivating these GM hybrids. Overall, results from the Experimental Phase studies are consistent with those from other world regions, confirming that there are no additional risks compared to conventional maize. Results from Pilot Phase studies indicated that, compared to conventional maize hybrids, no differences were detected for the agronomic and phenotypic characteristics measured on the three GM maize hybrids, with the exception of grain moisture and grain yield in the IR hybrids. Since MON-89Ø34- 3 9 MON-88Ø17-3 and MON-89Ø34-3 9 MONØØ6Ø3- 6 confer resistance to target insect pests, they are an alternative for farmers in Mexico to protect the crop from insect damage. Additionally, the herbicide tolerance conferred by all three GM hybrids enables more cost-effective weed management

Antiretroviral therapy duration and immunometabolic state determine efficacy of ex vivo dendritic cell-based treatment restoring functional HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in people living with HIV.

Dysfunction of CD8+ T cells in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) receiving anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has restricted the efficacy of dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies against HIV-1. Heterogeneous immune exhaustion and metabolic states of CD8+ T cells might differentially associate with dysfunction. However, specific parameters associated to functional restoration of CD8+ T cells after DC treatment have not been investigated. We studied association of restoration of functional HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cell responses after stimulation with Gag-adjuvant-primed DC with ART duration, exhaustion, metabolic and memory cell subsets profiles. HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cell responses from a larger proportion of PLWH on long-term ART (more than 10 years; LT-ARTp) improved polyfunctionality and capacity to eliminate autologous p24+ infected CD4+ T cells in vitro. In contrast, functional improvement of CD8+ T cells from PLWH on short-term ART (less than a decade; ST-ARTp) after DC treatment was limited. This was associated with lower frequencies of central memory CD8+ T cells, increased co-expression of PD1 and TIGIT and reduced mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis induction upon TCR activation. In contrast, CD8+ T cells from LT-ARTp showed increased frequencies of TIM3+ PD1- cells and preserved induction of glycolysis. Treatment of dysfunctional CD8+ T cells from ST-ARTp with combined anti-PD1 and anti-TIGIT antibodies plus a glycolysis promoting drug restored their ability to eliminate infected CD4+ T cells. Together, our study identifies specific immunometabolic parameters for different PLWH subgroups potentially useful for future personalized DC-based HIV-1 vaccines. NIH (R21AI140930), MINECO/FEDER RETOS (RTI2018-097485-A-I00) and CIBERINF grants.NIH (R21AI140930), MINECO/FEDER RETOS (RTI2018-097485-A-I00) and CIBERINF grants. We would like to thank the NIH AIDS Reagent Pro- gram, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH for providing HIV-1 PTE Gag Peptide Pool from NIAID, DAIDS (cat #11057) for the study. We would also like to thank Alvaro Serrano Navarro, for his help on adapting the lin- ear mixed model previously described by Martin- C ofreces N. et al83 to our data. Graphical schematic rep- resentations were created with BioRender.com. EMG was supported by the NIH R21 program (R21AI140930), the Ramón y Cajal Program (RYC2018- 024374-I), the MINECO/FEDER RETOS program (RTI2018-097485-A-I00), by Comunidad de Madrid Talento Program (2017-T1/BMD-5396) and by Gilead becas de investigaci on (GLD19/00168). EMG and IDS are supported by Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERINF) de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CB21/ 13/00107). MCM was supported by NIH R21 program (R21AI140930), “La Caixa Banking Foundation (H20- 00218) and Gilead becas de investigaci on (GLD19/ 00168). MJB is supported by the Miguel Servet program funded by the Spanish Health Institute Carlos III (CP17/00179), the MINECO/FEDER RETOS program (RTI2018-101082-B-100), and Fundació La Marat o TV3 (201805-10FMTV3). EMG and MJB are both funded by “La Caixa Banking Foundation (H20-00218) and by REDINCOV grant from Fundació La Marat o TV3. FSM was supported by SAF2017-82886-R and PDI-2020- 120412RB-I00 grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci on, and HR17-00016 grant from “La Caixa Banking Foundation. HF was funded by PI21/01583 grant from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. MJC was supported by PID2019- 104406RB-I00 from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. ISC was funded by the CM21/00157 Rio- Hortega grant. IT was supported by grant for the pro- motion of research studies master-UAM 2021.S

Gene–Diet Interactions in Colorectal Cancer: Survey Design, Instruments, Participants and Descriptive Data of a Case–Control Study in the Basque Country

Epidemiologic studies have revealed inconsistent evidence of gene-diet interaction in relation to colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to analyze them in a sample of cases and controls from the population-based bowel cancer screening program of the Osakidetza/Basque Health Service. This study analyzed dietetic, genetic, demographic, socioeconomic factors and lifestyles. In the present manuscript, the survey design, sampling, instruments, measurements and related quality management were presented. Moreover, we analyze di erences between cases and controls in some data, especially those related to diet. The participants were 308 cases and 308 age- and sex-matched subjects as controls. Cases were more likely than controls to have overweight/obesity (67.5% vs. 58.1%, p < 0.05), a lower intake of vitamin B2 (0.86 0.23 vs. 0.92 0.23 mg/1000 kcal, p < 0.01) and calcium:phosphorus ratio (0.62 0.12 vs. 0.65 0.13, p < 0.01). A higher proportion of cases than controls did not meet the Nutritional Objectives for saturated fatty acids (85.7% vs. 67.5%, p < 0.001) or cholesterol (35.4% vs. 25.0%, p < 0.01). In conclusion, the present study provides valuable data for analyzing the complexity of gene-diet interaction in relation to CRC. The results presented here suggest that overweight/obesity and a high intake of certain dietary components, especially saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, are more frequent in cases than in controls.This research was supported by the Department of Health and Consumer A airs of the Basque Government (2011111153) and Saiotek program of the Basque Government (S-PE12UN058). I.A.-L. was founded by a pre-doctoral grant from the Basque Government (PRE_2014_1_161, PRE_2015_2_0084, EP_2016_1_0098, EP_2016_1_0098 and PRE_2017_2_0006). The U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service (ARS), under Agreement No. 58-1950-4-003. CIBERehd is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Allergic inflammation triggers dyslipidemia via IgG signalling

Allergic diseases begin early in life and are often chronic, thus creating an inflammatory environment that may lead to metabolic disorders, although the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that allergic inflammation induces diet-independent dyslipidemia in a mouse model of allergy and atherosclerosis. Using untargeted lipidomics in mouse plasma, we found that allergic inflammation induces a unique lipid signature that extends beyond acute and late inflammation and that is characterized by triglyceride (TG) changes in circulation. Alterations in blood TGs following an allergic reaction are independent of T-cell-driven late phase inflammation. On the contrary, the humoral component is sufficient to induce a TG increase and a unique lipid profile through the IgG-mediated alternative pathway of anaphylaxis. Lastly, we demonstrated blood TG changes in patients after undergoing an allergic reaction. Overall, this study reveals the importance of IgG-mediated allergic inflammation insofar as it regulates lipid metabolism, which may contribute to atherosclerosis and, ultimately, to cardiovascular events.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Targeted screening for congenital cytomegalovirus infection in infants who fail universal newborn hearing screen.

Introduction: Given the importance of early antiviral treatment in infants with sensorineural hearing loss secondary to congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV), we submit a protocol for early diagnosis of cCMV according to the outcome of universal newborn hearing screening using automated auditory brainstem responses (AABR) (targeted CMV screening). Material and methods: Based on current knowledge provides by literature, we elaborate an action algorithm agreed between the coordinators of the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention program in Castilla y León (Spain). Results: If the first AABR test is a refer result for one or both ears, we request the identification of the viral genome by PCR in a urine sample within 15 days. The confirmation of uni or bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, allows the beginning of the antiviral treatment, before the first month of life. Discussion: Universal screening of cCMV enables monitoring of all infected infants, identifying cases of late-onset/progressive hearing loss sooner; but in the presence of an unknown cause- sensorineural hearing loss from the first two weeks of life, efforts must be made to rule out cCMV infection, although it is more complicated under these conditions. Conclusion: The inclusion of cCMV diagnosis into neonatal hearing screening program, will allow early detection of congenital infection in some infants, improving their quality of life.Introducción: Dada la importancia del inicio temprano de un tratamiento antiviral en los neonatos con hipoacusia neurosensorial secundaria a infección congénita por citomegalovirus (CMVc), presentamos un protocolo de diagnóstico precoz del CMVc en función del resultado del cribado auditivo neonatal universal con potenciales evocados auditivos automatizados (PEATC-A). Material y métodos: Partiendo del conocimiento actual que aporta la literatura, elaboramos un algoritmo de actuación consensuado entre los coordinadores del Programa de Detección Precoz de la Hipoacusia Infantil en la Comunidad de Castilla y León (España). Resultados: Si la primera prueba de PEATC-A en el neonato es un no pasa de uno o ambos oídos, solicitamos en el plazo de 15 días la identificación del genoma viral mediante PCR en una muestra de orina. La confirmación posterior de hipoacusia neurosensorial uni o bilateral, permitirá el inicio del tratamiento antiviral, antes del primer mes de vida. Discusión: Si bien el cribado universal del CMVc haría posible el seguimiento de todos los neonatos infectados, detectando más precozmente los casos de hipoacusia tardía/progresiva; ante la presencia de una hipoacusia neurosensorial de causa desconocida, a partir de las dos semanas de vida posnatal, se debe intentar descartar una infección por CMVc, aunque en estas condiciones resulta más complicado. Conclusión: La incorporación del diagnóstico del CMVc en el programa de cribado auditivo neonatal, permitirá la detección precoz de algunos niños con infección congénita, pudiéndoles mejorar su calidad de vida