Poor mental health of victims and former FARC members represents a significant challenge for peace process in Colombia

The peace accord between the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the Colombian Government has been widely lauded by the international community, and rightly so. Yet, formidable challenges remain to its implementation. One substantial challenge is the high percentage of former guerillas as well as victims of the conflict in need of mental health care

The Psychosocial and Political Dynamics of Children and Youth Entering and Exiting Armed Groups

In 2018, over 13,000 children were demobilized and reintegrated into society, even as thousands more were recruited for or participated in armed conflicts. The developmental trajectories and functioning of these children are integral to international efforts to reduce inequality; make communities inclusive, safe, and resilient; and promote peaceful and just societies. In turn, analyzing societal structures and influences is necessary to understanding their participation in armed conflict, as well as building effective international supports for their demobilization and integration. In this chapter, we discuss the definition of child and youth combatants and review the current literature on child and youth combatants’ motivations to join armed actors and the processes by which they reintegrate into society. The chapter closes with a review of practices aimed at supporting demobilized children and youth in Colombia as a case study for challenges to these efforts and linking them to peaceful, just, and sustainable societies

Obligatoriedad del resultado de la consulta previa en comunidades étnicas en cuyo territorio el estado pretende ejecutar proyectos de desarrollo

La presente tesis es una investigación cualitativa documental que tiene como objetivo establecer la existencia de obligatoriedad del resultado de la Consulta Previa en comunidades étnicas en cuyo territorio el Estado pretende ejecutar proyectos de desarrollo, especialmente cuando éste procura realizar obras de como carreteras, puentes, plantas hidroeléctricas, oleoductos, etc. dentro del territorio de las comunidades étnicas y su área de influencia. En ese sentido, la presente investigación tiene como fin brindar claridad sobre cuál es la posición jurisprudencial de la Corte Constitucional en torno al tema

Estrategia de producción más limpia (pml) para sistemas productivos piscícolas, en ecosistemas de alta montaña del municipio de Silvia, departamento del Cauca

La Estrategia de Producción Más Limpia, es una propuesta de gestión con enfoque en la articulación al mercado para los pequeños productores piscícolas rurales pertenecientes a las redes Piscícola del departamento del Cauca, específicamente en ecosistemas de alta montaña. La estrategia de producción más limpia resultante se constituye en una herramienta para personas naturales y/o empresarios de pequeñas unidades productivas piscícolas, donde se manejan aspectos técnicos y prácticos de los diferentes recursos que se encuentran en las mismas, brindándoles información acerca de la importancia de manejar los proyectos productivos de forma sostenible y en armonía con el medio ambiente a través de la PML (Producción Más Limpia).The Strategy for Cleaner Production is a management proposal to focus on market linkages for small rural fish farmers Piscícola networks belonging to the department of Cauca, specifically in high mountain ecosystems. The strategy of cleaner production output constitutes a tool for individuals and / or owners of small fish production units where technical and practical aspects of the different resources that are handled in the same, providing information about the importance of manage the production projects sustainably and in harmony with the environment through the PML (Cleaner Production).Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación [CO] Colciencias1103-502-27600Optimización de los procesos productivos y organizacionales de pequeños productores acuícolas, implementando redes de sensores inalámbricos de indicadores críticos de calidad del aguan

Detection of Tones in Reproducible Noise Maskers by Rabbits and Comparison to Detection by Humans

Processing mechanisms used for detection of tones in noise can be revealed by using reproducible noise maskers and analyzing the pattern of results across masker waveforms. This study reports detection of a 500-Hz tone in broadband reproducible noise by rabbits using a set of masker waveforms for which human results are available. An appetitive-reinforcement, operant-conditioning procedure with bias control was used. Both fixed-level and roving-level noises were used to explore the utility of energy-related cues for detection. An energy-based detection model was able to partially explain the fixed-level results across reproducible noise waveforms for both rabbit and human. A multiple-channel energy model was able to explain fixed-level results, as well as the robust performance observed with roving-level noises. Further analysis using the energy model indicated a difference between species: human detection was influenced most by the noise spectrum surrounding the tone frequency, whereas rabbit detection was influenced most by the noise spectrum at frequencies above that of the tone. In addition, a temporal envelope-based model predicted detection by humans as well as the single-channel energy model did, but the envelope-based model failed to predict detection by rabbits. This result indicates that the contributions of energy and temporal cues to auditory processing differ across species. Overall, these findings suggest that caution must be used when evaluating neural encoding mechanisms in one species on the basis of behavioral results in another