Fast Detection Of Paracetamol On A Gold Nanoparticle-chitosan Substrate By Sers

A fast method for detecting pharmaceutical drugs, such as paracetamol, by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) using a gold nanoparticle substrate was studied. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized using chitosan (AuNP-chitosan) as a reductant and capping agent and subsequently deposited on glass slides as a thin film. The SERS performance of AuNP-chitosan films was evaluated using methylene blue (MB, 10-6 mol L-1) as a SERS probe molecule. The method is based on drop-drying an analyte solution (paracetamol, 10-3 mol L-1) onto a substrate surface and subsequently analyzing by Raman spectroscopy. The spectra were obtained in 10 seconds with two accumulations and exhibit a high signal-to-noise ratio. This preliminary study supports the AuNP-chitosan substrate as a SERS sensor, for a convenient analytical method for detection of paracetamol and other pharmaceutical drug molecules. © the Partner Organisations 2014.61135643568Halling-Sorensen, B., Nielsen, N., Lansky, P.F., Ingersley, F., Hansen, L., Lutzhoft, H.C., Jorgensen, S.E., (1998) Chemosphere, 36, p. 357Daughton, C.G., Ternes, T.A., (1999) Environ. Health Perspect., 107, p. 907Klimova, K., Leitner, J., (2012) Thermochim. Acta, 550, p. 59Parojcic, J., Karljikovic-Rajic, K., Duric, Z., Jovanovic, M., Ibric, S., (2003) Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 24, p. 309Holm, J.V., Rugge, K., Bjerg, P.L., Christensen, T.H., (1995) Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, p. 1415Ternes, T.A., (1998) Water Res., 32, p. 3245Reddersen, K., Heberer, T., Dunnbier, U., (2002) Chemosphere, 49, p. 539Zwiener, C., Glauner, T., Frimmel, F.H., (2000) High Resolut. Chromatogr., 23, p. 474Buser, H.R., Poiger, T., Muller, M.D., (1999) Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, p. 2529Chen, L.-X., Li, D.-W., Qu, L.-L., Li, Y.-T., Long, Y.-T., (2013) Anal. Methods, 5, p. 6579Péron, O., Rinnert, E., Toury, T., Chapelle, M.L., Compere, C., (2011) Analyst, 136, p. 1018Alvarez-Puebla, R.A., Liz-Marzan, L.M., (2012) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 51, p. 11214Fleischmann, M., Hendra, P.J., McQuillan, A.J., (1974) Chem. Phys. Lett., 26, p. 63Le Ru, E.C., Etchegoin, P.G., (2009) Principles of Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, , Elsevier, AmsterdamAroca, R., (2006) Surface-enhanced Vibrational Spectroscopy, , John Wiley & Sons, Southern GateZhang, Y., Liu, S., Wang, L., Qin, X., Tian, J., Lu, W., Chang, G., Sun, X., (2012) RSC Adv., 2, p. 538Moula, G., Aroca, R.F., (2011) Anal. Chem., 83, p. 284Yu, W.W., White, I.M., (2012) Analyst, 137, p. 1168Zhai, W.L., Li, D.W., Qu, L.L., Fossey, J.S., Long, Y.T., (2012) Nanoscale, 4, p. 37Alsawafta, M., Badilescu, S., Packirisamy, M., Truong, V.V., (2011) React. Kinet., Mech. Catal., 104, p. 437Esumi, K., Takei, N., Yoshimura, T., (2003) Colloids Surf., B, 32, p. 117Potara, M., Maniu, D., Astilean, S., (2009) Nanotechnology, 20, p. 315602Santos, E.B., Sigoli, F.A., Mazali, I.O., (2013) Vib. Spectrosc., 68, p. 246Wang, Y.Q., Liang, W.S., Geng, C.Y., (2009) Nanoscale Res. Lett., 4, p. 684Vieira, E.F.S., Cestari, A.R., Santos, E.B., Dias, F.S., (2005) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 289, p. 42Cheng, Y.-C., Yu, C.-C., Lo, T.-Y., Liu, Y.-C., (2012) Mater. Res. Bull., 47, p. 1107Nhung, T.T., Bu, Y., Lee, S.-W., (2013) J. Cryst. Growth, 373, p. 132Xiao, G.N., Man, S.Q., (2007) Chem. Phys. Lett., 447, p. 305Ruan, C.M., Wang, W., Gu, B.H., (2007) J. Raman Spectrosc., 38, p. 568Peng, Y., Niu, Z., Huang, W., Chen, S., Li, Z., (2005) J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, p. 10880Elbagerma, M.A., Azimi, G., Edwards, H.G.M., Alajtal, A.I., Scowen, I.J., (2010) Spectrochim. Acta, Part A, 75, p. 1403Chazallon, B., Celik, Y., Focsa, C., Guinet, Y., (2006) Vib. Spectrosc., 42, p. 206Nanubolu, J.B., Burley, J.C., (2012) Mol. Pharmaceutics, 9, p. 154

Distribution of Glycated Haemoglobin According to Early-Life and Contemporary Characteristics in Adolescents and Adults without Diabetes:The 1982 and 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohorts

AIM:Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), a marker of glucose control in individuals with diabetes mellitus, is also related with the incidence of cardiometabolic risk in populations free of disease. The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of HbA1c levels according to early-life and contemporary factors in adolescents and adults without diabetes mellitus. METHODS:HbA1c was measured in adults aged 30 years and adolescents aged 18 years who are participants in the 1982 and 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohorts, respectively. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to describe the HbA1c mean values according to early-life and contemporary characteristics collected prospectively since birth. RESULTS:The distribution of the HbA1c was approximately normal in both cohorts, with a mean (SD) 5.10% (0.43) in the 1982 cohort, and 4.89% (0.50) in the 1993 cohort. HbA1c mean levels were significantly higher in individuals self-reported as black/brown skin color compared to those self-reported as white in both cohorts. Parental history of diabetes was associated with higher HbA1c mean in adults, while stunting at one year old presented an inverse relation with the outcome in adolescents. No other early and contemporary factors were associated with HbA1c levels in adults or adolescents. CONCLUSIONS:We found a consistent relationship between HbA1c and skin color in both cohorts. Further research is needed to understand the role of genomic ancestry on levels of HbA1c concentrations which may inform policies and preventive actions for diabetes mellitus and cardiometabolic risk

Review of Person Re-identification Techniques

Person re-identification across different surveillance cameras with disjoint fields of view has become one of the most interesting and challenging subjects in the area of intelligent video surveillance. Although several methods have been developed and proposed, certain limitations and unresolved issues remain. In all of the existing re-identification approaches, feature vectors are extracted from segmented still images or video frames. Different similarity or dissimilarity measures have been applied to these vectors. Some methods have used simple constant metrics, whereas others have utilised models to obtain optimised metrics. Some have created models based on local colour or texture information, and others have built models based on the gait of people. In general, the main objective of all these approaches is to achieve a higher-accuracy rate and lowercomputational costs. This study summarises several developments in recent literature and discusses the various available methods used in person re-identification. Specifically, their advantages and disadvantages are mentioned and compared.Comment: Published 201

Exercise alters liver mitochondria phospholipidomic profile and mitochondrial activity in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Mitochondrial membrane lipid composition is a critical factor in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Exercise is the most prescribed therapeutic strategy against NASH and a potential modulator of lipidmembrane. Thus, we aimed to analyze whether physical exercise exerted preventive (voluntary physical activity - VPA) and therapeutic (endurance training - ET) effect on NASH-induced mitochondrial membrane changes. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 36) were divided into standard-diet sedentary (SS, n = 12),standard-diet VPA (SVPA, n = 6), high-fat diet sedentary (HS, n = 12) and high-fat diet VPA (HVPA, n = 6). After 9 weeks of diet-specific feeding, half of SS and HS group were engaged in an ET program for 8 weeks/5 day/week/1 h/day (SET, HET). Liver mitochondria were isolated for oxygen consumption and transmembrane-electric potential (Δψ) assays. Mitochondrial phospholipid classes and fatty acids were quantified through thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography, respectively, while cardiolipin(CL), phosphatidylcholine (PC) phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) molecular profile was determined by electrospray mass spectrometry. In parallel with histological signs of NASH,high-fat diet decreased PI, CL and PC/PE ratio, whereas PE and phosphatidic acid content increased insedentary animals (HS vs. SS). Moreover, a decrease in linolelaidic, monounsaturated fatty acids content and an increase in saturated fatty acids (SFAS) were observed. Along with phospholipidomic alterations,HS animals showed a decrease in respiratory control ratio (RCR), Δψ and FCCP-induced uncoupling respiration (HS vs. SS). Both phospholipidomic (PC/PE, SFAS) and mitochondrial respiratory alterations were counteracted by exercise interventions. Exercise used as preventive (VPA) or therapeutic (ET) strategies preserved liver mitochondrial phospholipidomic profile and maintained mitochondrial function in a model of NASH

Grain and seed protein functionality

Editado por Jiménez-López, José Carlos (CSIC

Transitions of cardio-metabolic risk factors in the Americas between 1980 and 2014

Describing the prevalence and trends of cardiometabolic risk factors that are associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is crucial for monitoring progress, planning prevention, and providing evidence to support policy efforts. We aimed to analyse the transition in body-mass index (BMI), obesity, blood pressure, raised blood pressure, and diabetes in the Americas, between 1980 and 2014