Decisive rule experimental studies to detect objects on the background of nhe earth surface using polarization differences of radar signals

The task of stationary and moving object detection against the background of the underlying surface (earth) by radar means becomes relevant. A decision rule is being developed to detect objects against the background of the earth surface using the polarization differences reflected from the earth and the objects of radar signals, represented as a measurement vecto

Spontaneous imbibition experiments for enhanced oil recovery with silica nanosols

Experimental oil displacement as a result of spontaneous imbibition of silica nanosols has been carried out using two types of sandstone as the reservoir rock. The permeability of the cores ranged from 0.34 to 333 mD, while the porosity was 11% and 22%, respectively. During the research, the influence of the concentration and nanoparticle size, as well as the permeability of the rock, on the process of spontaneous imbibition, was studied. Silica nanosols were considered as an object of study. The nanoparticle size ranged from 10 to 35 nm. The mass concentration of nanoparticles varied from 0.01% to 0.25%. It was found that the use of silica nanosols significantly increases the rate of the spontaneous imbibition process. It was established that a silica nanosol with a nanoparticle size of 10 nm and a concentration of 0.25% allows to displace more than six times oil compared to the reservoir water model in the same time. As a result, it was shown that the oil displacement efficiency and the efficiency of spontaneous imbibition increase along with an increase in the nanoparticle concentration and a decrease in the nanoparticle size.Document Type: Original articleCited as: Pryazhnikov, M. I., Zhigarev, V. A., Minakov, A. V., Nemtsev, I. V. Spontaneous imbibition experiments for enhanced oil recovery with silica nanosols. Capillarity, 2024, 10(3): 73-86. https://doi.org/10.46690/capi.2024.03.0

Anisotropy and crystallite misalignment in textured superconductors

A misalignment of anisotropic crystallites causes small values of anisotropy and decreases the critical current density of textured polycrystalline superconductors. To relate the crystallite misalignment and out-plane anisotropy, the magnetic properties of the textured Bi2223 polycrystalline superconductor were investigated. A distribution of orientation angles of crystallites was determined using different data: scanning electron microscopy images and hysteresis magnetization loops when an external magnetic field was applied at different angles with respect to the texturing plane of the sample. It was demonstrated that the standard deviation of the distribution and the magnetic disorder angle of crystallites in textured samples can be determined from the magnetization data in perpendicular directions. These data may be either the irreversible magnetization measured for two different orientations of the sample or the simultaneously measured magnetization projections parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

Nebuliser therapy in the intensive care unit

The relationship between identity, lived experience, sexual practices and the language through which these are conveyed has been widely debated in sexuality literature. For example, ‘coming out’ has famously been conceptualised as a ‘speech act’ (Sedgwick 1990) and as a collective narrative (Plummer 1995), while a growing concern for individuals’ diverse identifications in relations to their sexual and gender practices has produced interesting research focusing on linguistic practices among LGBT-identified individuals (Leap 1995; Kulick 2000; Cameron and Kulick 2006; Farqhar 2000). While an explicit focus on language remains marginal to literature on sexualities (Kulick 2000), issue of language use and translation are seldom explicitly addressed in the growing literature on intersectionality. Yet intersectional perspectives ‘reject the separability of analytical and identity categories’ (McCall 2005:1771), and therefore have an implicit stake in the ‘vernacular’ language of the researched, in the ‘scientific’ language of the researcher and in the relationship of continuity between the two. Drawing on literature within gay and lesbian/queer studies and cross-cultural studies, this chapter revisits debates on sexuality, language and intersectionality. I argue for the importance of giving careful consideration to the language we choose to use as researchers to collectively define the people whose experiences we try to capture. I also propose that language itself can be investigated as a productive way to foreground how individual and collective identifications are discursively constructed, and to unpack the diversity of lived experience. I address intersectional complexity as a methodological issue, where methodology is understood not only as the methods and practicalities of doing research, but more broadly as ‘a coherent set of ideas about the philosophy, methods and data that underlie the research process and the production of knowledge’ (McCall 2005:1774). My points are illustrated with examples drawn from my ethnographic study on ‘lesbian’ identity in urban Russia, interspersed with insights from existing literature. In particular, I aim to show that an explicit focus on language can be a productive way to explore the intersections between the global, the national and the local in cross-cultural research on sexuality, while also addressing issues of positionality and accountability to the communities researched

Study of Colloidal Stability and Viscosity of Concentrated Aqueous Silicasols

Проведено исследование коллоидной устойчивости наносуспензий, полученных разбавлением концентрированных силиказолей. Рассмотрен широкий диапазон массовых концентраций наночастиц (от 1 до 50 масс.%) и средних размеров первичных частиц (от 10 до 35 нм). Анализ седиментационных экспериментов показал, что рассмотренные образцы обладают очень высокой коллоидной устойчивостью. Проведена характеризация размеров наночастиц с помощью электронной микроскопии, получены распределения частиц по размерам в суспензии методом акустической спектроскопии. В результате было показано, что почти все рассматриваемые силиказоли имеют очень узкое распределение частиц по размеру. Получены зависимости динамической вязкости наносуспензий от концентрации и размера наночастиц. На их основе построены эмпирические корреляции в широком диапазоне концентраций частицA study of the colloidal stability of nanosuspensions obtained by diluting concentrated silicasols was carried out. A wide range of mass concentrations of nanoparticles (from 1 to 50 wt.%) and average sizes of primary particles (from 10 to 35 nm) were considered. The analysis of sedimentation experiments showed that the considered samples have a very high colloidal stability. The characterization of the nanoparticle sizes by electron microscopy was carried out. The particle size distributions in the suspension were obtained by acoustic spectroscopy. Almost all of the considered silica sols have been shown to have a very narrow particle size distribution. The dependences of the dynamic viscosity of nanosuspensions on the concentration and size of nanoparticles are obtained. Based on the dependences, empirical correlations in a wide range of particle concentrations were obtaine

Earliness and morphotypes of common wheat cultivars of Western and Eastern Siberia

The global and local climate changes determine the producing of highly-adaptive common (bread) wheat commercial cultivars of a new generation whose optimal earliness matches the climatic features of the territory where the cultivars are farmed. Principal component analysis involving our own and published data has been applied to investigate 98 commercial common wheat cultivars from Western and Eastern Siberia comparing their morphotypes; cultivar zoning time; length of the vegetation period; 1000-grain weight, and inheritance of spring growth habit. It demonstrated that the dominant Vrn gene polymorphism determining the spring growth habit of the Siberian cultivars was minimally polymorphic. In 75 % of the tested cultivars, the spring growth habit was controlled by digenic, namely dominant Vrn-A1 and Vrn-B1 genes. In 25 % of them (24 cultivars), spring growth habit is controlled by a single gene. In 19 and 5 of these cultivars spring growth habit is controlled by only one dominant gene, Vrn-B1 or Vrn-A1, respectively. In cv. Tulun 15, a trigenic control was identified. A conclusion about the optimality of the digenic control for the climatic conditions of both Western and Eastern Siberia has been confirmed. However, since none of the tested cultivars had the dominant Vrn-D1 gene typical of the regions of China and Central Asia bordering Siberia, it can be considered as an additional argument in favor of the European origin of Siberian common wheat cultivars. The revealed high frequency of the Vrn-B1c allele in the Western Siberian cultivars and the Vrn-B1a allele in the Eastern Siberian cultivars suggests their selectivity. The analysis also confirmed the dominance of red glume (ferrugineum, milturum) and awned spike (ferrugineum, erythrospermum) varieties in the Eastern Siberian cultivars, and white glume and awnedless spike (lutescens and albidum) ones in the Western Siberian cultivars. Small grain size cultivars are more typical of Eastern than Western Siberia. The retrospective analysis based on the cultivars’ zoning time included in the “State Register for Selection Achievements Admitted for Usage” brought us to the conclusion that the earliness/lateness of modern Siberian commercial cultivars was not regionally but rather zonally-associated (taiga, subtaiga, forest-steppe and steppe zones)

On the mechanisms governing gas penetration into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection

A new 1D radial fluid code, IMAGINE, is used to simulate the penetration of gas into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection (MGI). The main result is that the gas is in general strongly braked as it reaches the plasma, due to mechanisms related to charge exchange and (to a smaller extent) recombination. As a result, only a fraction of the gas penetrates into the plasma. Also, a shock wave is created in the gas which propagates away from the plasma, braking and compressing the incoming gas. Simulation results are quantitatively consistent, at least in terms of orders of magnitude, with experimental data for a D 2 MGI into a JET Ohmic plasma. Simulations of MGI into the background plasma surrounding a runaway electron beam show that if the background electron density is too high, the gas may not penetrate, suggesting a possible explanation for the recent results of Reux et al in JET (2015 Nucl. Fusion 55 093013)

Modelling of the effect of ELMs on fuel retention at the bulk W divertor of JET

Effect of ELMs on fuel retention at the bulk W target of JET ITER-Like Wall was studied with multi-scale calculations. Plasma input parameters were taken from ELMy H-mode plasma experiment. The energetic intra-ELM fuel particles get implanted and create near-surface defects up to depths of few tens of nm, which act as the main fuel trapping sites during ELMs. Clustering of implantation-induced vacancies were found to take place. The incoming flux of inter-ELM plasma particles increases the different filling levels of trapped fuel in defects. The temperature increase of the W target during the pulse increases the fuel detrapping rate. The inter-ELM fuel particle flux refills the partially emptied trapping sites and fills new sites. This leads to a competing effect on the retention and release rates of the implanted particles. At high temperatures the main retention appeared in larger vacancy clusters due to increased clustering rate