Antioxidant Activity of Apis Mellifera SP. Propolis Extract From Java (Indonesia)

Propolis was one of natural antioxidant source in the flavonoid and phenolic acid form. The propolis antioxidant potential was influenced by the plant factors that grow in geographic area wherein the bees alive. The propolis biological effect was known and have been used since antiquity. This research was intended to investigate the propolis antioxidant potential originating from Java (Indonesia). The method that was used to test its antioxidant character with the total of flavonoid activity test and the total of phenol. The strength for its antioxidant was measured by DPPH IC50 test. The result was obtained that propolis antioxidant potential from Java has a very strong potency with DPPH 35,6 µg/ml. The conclusion was Apis Mellifera sp propolis from Java has a high potential to be developed. The high drug activity and propolis therapeutic effectiveness were expected to giving a positive value and contribution to dentistry practice

A new flat shell finite element for the linear analysis of thin shell structures

In this paper, a new rectangular flat shell element denoted ‘ACM_RSBE5’ is presented. The new element is obtained by superposition of the new strain-based membrane element ‘RSBE5’ and the well-known plate bending element ‘ACM’. The element can be used for the analysis of any type of thin shell structures, even if the geometry is irregular. Comparison with other types of shell elements is performed using a series of standard test problems. A correlation study with an experimentally tested aluminium shell is also conducted. The new shell element proved to have a fast rate of convergence and to provide accurate results

Born radicals? Prevent, positivism, and ‘race-thinking’

In the contemporary Western climate, counter-terrorism discourse dealing with so-called Islamic extremism appears to be obsessed with trying to understand the motives behind what prompts somebody to turn to terrorism. This paper will argue that attempts to locate extremist motives in such a way can be seen to reinforce earlier iterations of positivist criminology and race-thinking. Through a critical examination of the works of criminologist Cesare Lombroso, this paper will tease out the interconnections between his ‘criminal types’ thesis, and the British government’s current Prevent policy that seeks to identify ‘extremist types.’ By developing a rich critique of these positivist approaches, the paper will go on to question how we might think beyond the essentialism, reductivism, and racism/Islamophobia inherent within such frameworks. In this way, the paper raises a series of conceptual implications for criminology and terrorism studies, while at the same time, develops a contribution to critical race and ethnicity studies

Serum levels of Cardiac troponin I, creatine kinase in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hytpertensive co-mobidity in Uduth, Sokoto State, Nigeria

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) are co-morbid conditions that may predispose to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the serum levels of Cardiac troponin I and creatine kinase in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and Hypertension. Materials and methods: A case -control study was conducted at Department of Medicine, endocrinology unit of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, from June 2015 to February 2016. A total of 180 subjects were recruited for the study and categorized into three groups. 60 patients diagnosed with diabetes and hypertension, 60 patients diagnosed with diabetes and 60 apparently healthy individuals were included in this study. Blood specimens were collected and processed from all group participants. Serum cardiac troponin I (CTnI) was analyzed using ELISA method, total Creatine Kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) was measured using IFCC reference procedure and plasma fasting plasma glucose levels were measured using enzymatic glucose oxidase method. Results: Twenty three 23(19%) of the subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus studied had increased CTnI levels above the 99th percentile (1.3ng/mL). Significant increase in CTnI was observed among participants with DM and HTN co-morbidity. In addition, the diabetic groups had significantly increase levels of total CK and CK-MB (p=0.001) compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation existed between CTnI, total CK and CK-MB (r-value 0.450, 0.569, p<0.01), and with CTnI and FPG (rvalue 0.160, p<0.05). Conclusion: The study suggests increased levels of CTnI and CKMB above safe values which may be a pointer to silent myocardial injury. Key words: Cardiac troponin I; Creatine kinase; Diabetes mellitus; Hypertension

Indonesian Propolis Reduces Malondialdehyde Level and Increase Osteoblast Cell Number in Wistar Rats with Orthodontic Tooth Movement

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of Indonesian propolis gel 5% in Wistar rats alveolar bone, toward malondialdehyde serum levels and osteoblast cells number caused by orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). METHODS: This was an experimental study using the post-test only group design. The samples were 28 male Wistar rats, divided into four groups: G1 (control group) – group without OTM and without propolis, G2 – group without OTM and with propolis, G3 – group with OTM and without propolis, and G4 – group with OTM and with propolis. Propolis available in the form of 5% gel and 30 gf helical spring force of OTM applied. Spring was applied in rat maxilla incisors. OTM treatment was given 17 days, and on day 18, blood samples were taken for the measurement of malondialdehyde levels, then tested using the ELISA test. Variable of osteoblast was calculated histologically using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The data of malondialdehyde level and the osteoblast number obtained were tested using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The result indicated that osteoblast number was higher with propolis application compared to those without propolis in the control group and orthodontic tooth treatment group (G2>G1, 23.97 ± 2.95 vs. 18.63 ± 3.04 and G4>G3, 34.17 ± 5.57 vs. 28.26 ± 2.62) with significant difference (p < 0.05). Propolis application also reduces malondialdehyde serum level when compared to both groups without propolis (control and OTM group) (G2<G1, 1.02 ± 0.18 nmol/ml vs. 1.55 ± 0.24 nmol/ml and G4<G3 1.29 ± 0.22 nmol/ml vs. 1.83 ± 0.21 nmol/ml) and significantly different (p < 0.05). OTM increased the malondialdehyde level compared to the control group, with a significant difference (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Propolis gel 5% application can reduce malondialdehyde serum level and could increase the number of osteoblast

Quazi court and administrative integrity

Dispensing justice is considered an ibadah, or act of worship, in Islam. It is a fundamental commandment outlined in the Holy Quran and exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Those who deviate from delivering the correct verdict, whether due to personal biases or ignorance, are admonished in Islamic teachings, with dire consequences for those who perpetuate injustice. Conversely, upholding justice is viewed as a means to attain paradise, highlighting its paramount importance in Islamic jurisprudence. Educating judges on the principles of Islamic law pertaining to justice is essential for enabling them to administer impartial justice effectively. Historically, early Arab Muslims who settled in Sri Lanka and their successors possessed expertise in this area, appointing knowledgeable individuals as Qazis to adjudicate matters of marriage, divorce, and disputes within the community. However, during the colonial period, the decline in Muslim education and cultural training posed challenges in finding qualified Qazi judges. The discussions surrounding the Muhammadan Marriage Act of 1886 in the Legislative Council revealed a lack of legal scholars in Ceylon capable of interpreting the legal provisions regarding divorce. Consequently, the establishment of the Qazi Court was initially avoided. Nevertheless, the enactment of the Muslim Marriage and Divorce Act of 1951 legalized the Qazi Court and mandated the appointment of Qazi Judges. At that time, minimum educational qualifications for Qazi judges were not stipulated; instead, candidates were required to be Muslim men of good character, social standing, and analytical judgment abilities

Antioxidant activity of apis mellifera sp. propolis extract from Java (Indonesia)

Propolis was one of natural antioxidant source in the flavonoid and phenolic acid form. The propolis antioxidant potential was influenced by the plant factors that grow in geographic area wherein the bees alive. The propolis biological effect was known and have been used since antiquity. This research was intended to investigate the propolis antioxidant potential originating from Java (Indonesia). The method that was used to test its antioxidant character with the total of flavonoid activity test and the total of phenol. The strength for its antioxidant was measured by DPPH IC50 test. The result was obtained that propolis antioxidant potential from Java has a very strong potency with DPPH 35,6 µg/ml. The conclusion was Apis Mellifera sp propolis from Java has a high potential to be developed. The high drug activity and propolis therapeutic effectiveness were expected to giving a positive value and contribution to dentistry practice

Grothendieck ring of varieties with finite groups actions

We define a Grothendieck ring of varieties with finite groups actions and show that the orbifold Euler characteristic and the Euler characteristics of higher orders can be defined as homomorphisms from this ring to the ring of integers. We describe two natural [landa]-structures on the ring and the corresponding power structures over it and show that one of these power structures is effective. We define a Grothendieck ring of varieties with equivariant vector bundles and show that the generalized ("motivic") Euler characteristics of higher orders can be defined as homomorphisms from this ring to the Grothendieck ring of varieties extended by powers of the class of the complex affine line. We give an analogue of the Macdonald type formula for the generating series of the generalized higher order Euler characteristics of wreath products

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)