Mothers Know Best: Guidance for Healthcare Providers on Early Identification of Perinatal Mental Health Disorders

Introduction: The perinatal period has been associated with an increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders among women. Perinatal mental health disorders (PMHD) are highly prevalent, yet highly underrecognized and untreated. The involvement of medical providers, especially obstetrics/gynecology and pediatric providers, in the early identification of PMHD is critical to ensure women with PMHD receive appropriate supports. However, providers lack the education, training, and ability to identify and screen for PMHD as well as the knowledge of appropriate referrals. Objective: This study explores the existing issues with healthcare providers’ early identification practices of PMHD from the perspective of ten mothers and to with the purpose of making recommendations to improve the early identification process. Results: Qualitative analysis revealed two main themes: 1) the importance of perinatal mental health training for providers, and 2) the importance of ongoing, relational screening. Conclusion: There is an enormous need for increased involvement of medical providers in the early identification process. Medical providers should be provided with education and training to increase their PMHD screening practices, expand their knowledge on the presentation of PHMD and connect women with appropriate supports

Reviews and syntheses: 210Pb-derived sediment and carbon accumulation rates in vegetated coastal ecosystems-setting the record straight

Vegetated coastal ecosystems, including tidal marshes, mangroves and seagrass meadows, are being increasingly assessed in terms of their potential for carbon dioxide sequestration worldwide. However, there is a paucity of studies that have effectively estimated the accumulation rates of sediment organic carbon (Corg), also termed blue carbon, beyond the mere quantification of Corg stocks. Here, we discuss the use of the 210Pb dating technique to determine the rate of Corg accumulation in these habitats. We review the most widely used 210Pb dating models to assess their limitations in these ecosystems, often composed of heterogeneous sediments with varying inputs of organic material, that are disturbed by natural and anthropogenic processes resulting in sediment mixing and changes in sedimentation rates or erosion. Through a range of simulations, we consider the most relevant processes that impact the 210Pb records in vegetated coastal ecosystems and evaluate how anomalies in 210Pb specific activity profiles affect sediment and Corg accumulation rates. Our results show that the discrepancy in sediment and derived Corg accumulation rates between anomalous and ideal 210Pb profiles is within 20% if the process causing such anomalies is well understood. While these discrepancies might be acceptable for the determination of mean sediment and Corg accumulation rates over the last century, they may not always provide a reliable geochronology or historical reconstruction. Reliable estimates of Corg accumulation rates might be difficult at sites with slow sedimentation, intense mixing and/or that are affected by multiple sedimentary processes. Additional tracers or geochemical, ecological or historical data need to be used to validate the 210Pbderived results. The framework provided in this study can be instrumental in reducing the uncertainties associated with estimates of Corg accumulation rates in vegetated coastal sediments.This work was funded by the CSIRO Flagship Marine & Coastal Carbon Biogeochemical Cluster (Coastal Carbon Cluster), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (projects EstresX CTM2012-32603, MedShift CGL2015-71809-P), the Generalitat de Catalunya (MERS 2017 SGR – 1588), the Australian Research Council LIEF Project (LE170100219), the Edith Cowan University Faculty Research Grant Scheme and the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) through baseline funding to Carlos M. Duarte. This work contributes to the ICTA Unit of Excellence (MinECo, MDM2015-0552

Elemental characterization of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 in the town of Genoa (Italy)

The particulate matter (PM) concentration and composition, the PM10, PM2.5, PM1 fractions, were studied in the urban area of Genoa, a coastal town in the northwest of Italy. Two instruments, the continuous monitor TEOM and the sequential sampler PARTISOL, were operated almost continuously on the same site from July 2001 to September 2004. Samples collected by PARTISOL were weighted to obtain PM concentration and then analysed by PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission) and by ED-XRF (energy dispersion X-ray fluorescence), obtaining concentrations for elements from Na to Pb. Some of the filters used in the TEOM microbalance were analysed by ED-XRF to calculate Pb concentration values averaged over 7\u201330 d periods

Ampliación de la distribución geográfica de <i>Liolaemus nazca</i> Aguilar, Ramírez, Castillo, Mendoza, Vargas & Sites Jr., 2019 (Iguania: Liolaemidae) para el extremo sur de Ica y norte de Arequipa, Perú : Hábitats y conservación

In the present investigation we broaden the geographical distribution of the endemic saurian of the Peruvian desert Liolaemus nazca. Its distribution is extended in approximately 45 km from its type locality (Lomas of the San Fernando National Reserve), reporting it for the first time for the department of Arequipa. Also, its distribution of occurrence is widened to other undocumented localities in San Juan de Marcona (Nasca, Ica) and Lomas (Caravelí, Arequipa) in Peru. These new records, added to those already known, allow us to characterize their habitats and analyze their state of conservation. These data highlight the importance and ecological value of the ‘lomas’ of Marcona, a site of interest in the conservation and protection of the biodiversity it refuge.Asociación Herpetológica Argentin

Influence of land use changes on submarine groundwater discharge

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu MdM-2015-0552Altres ajuts: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona for awarding a research scholarship (PIF-UAB 2017) to M Rufí-SalísThe 20th century has been characterized by an exponential population growth, with a high density in coastal zones. The aim of this work is to study the impact of land use changes on the hydrological cycle, and possible consequences in marine environment. The study has focused on the relationship between coastal urbanisation and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) that may cause an alteration in the biogeochemical cycles of marine ecosystems. An analysis of land use changes, historical salinities and nutrients data in the Maresme (Barcelona) coastal zone have revealed that the percentage of urban and forest zone land use has increased since 1990, corresponding to a decrease of nutrients in coastal waters through SGD. These impacts may cause changes in coastal biogeochemical cycles, like the decrease in chlorophyll concentrations. Results denote the correlation between land use, coastal aquifer dynamics and the effects of SGD in coastal environments

Variation of soluble and insoluble calcium in red rains related to dust sources and transport patterns from North Africa to northeastern Spain

We use the chemical composition of African dust delivered by red rains at a rural site in northeastern Spain (Montseny, 41460 N, 2210 E) to describe its relationship with the possible provenance areas and the processes occurring during transport. To this end, we obtained the red rain insoluble composition for the major elements (Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, K, P, Ti, and Na) in 30 filters, the 210Pb concentration in 23 filters, and the soluble cation concentrations (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) in 28 coincident red rain samples. These samples comprised most major events occurring at the site from 1983 to 2002. On the basis of back trajectories and satellite images, a distinction has been made between an eastern and western air mass flux with respect to 0 Greenwich for the analyzed samples. Principal component and ANOVA analyses between the two provenance groups have shown striking differences in the insoluble phase, with eastern samples being significantly richer in insoluble Ca, Mg, and Sr compared to western samples. Conversely, western samples had significantly higher concentrations of insoluble Al, Fe, K, V, and 210Pb than eastern samples. Therefore, in the insoluble phase, the ratios of various elements to Ca were significantly higher in western provenances. However, these differences disappeared when considering bulk Ca ratios (bulk Ca = insoluble + soluble Ca). Neither of the ratios Fe/Al and Ti/Fe showed significant differences. This lack of differences is interpreted in view of a similar carbonated lithology broadly underlying both areas. The difference in insoluble Ca with respect to total Ca between provenances (Cainsoluble/Catotal = 0.10 and 0.70 for western and eastern trajectories, respectively) is interpreted as a difference in calcite dissolution during transport. Evidence from 210Pb data and from the length of the back trajectories indicates that western trajectories covered a longer distance than the eastern ones; their higher soluble Ca could be due to (1) higher calcite dissolution due to longer contact with wet fronts from the Atlantic and (2) particle segregation during transport, with finer (carbonate) particles more prone to dissolution due to a higher surface to volume ratio

Atmospheric fluxes of ²¹⁰Pb to the western Mediterranean Sea and the Saharan dust influence

Pb 210 is a well known tracer of particle dynamics in the marine environment. Geochemical models partially rely on the knowledge of its atmospheric input. Unfortunately, this is poorly known in the western Mediterranean Sea, especially regarding long-term records. In this work we have evaluated the ²¹⁰Pb annual atmospheric flux to this region from the analysis of 12 soil cores collected from coastal and island sites and total atmospheric deposition collected in Corsica during 1 year. The ²¹⁰Pb fluxes ranged from 34 ± 3 to 121 ± 12 Bq m¯² yr¯¹ , with an average of 75 Bq m¯² yr¯¹, and were strongly correlated (R²= 0.95) with mean annual rainfall. This provides the possibility to determine ²¹⁰Pb fluxes in a given location if the mean annual rainfall is well known, a useful outcome for both marine biogeochemical and soil erosion studies in this region. We have also estimated the mean annual atmospheric flux of ²¹⁰Pb due to Saharan dust events registered in total deposition north of Barcelona during the last 17 years, yielding a value of 20 Bq m¯² yr¯¹ . This flux represents a fraction of about 16% of the total atmospheric deposition of ²¹⁰Pb in this area, but it could be up to 50% in sites with lower rainfall

The Positive Rhinovirus/Enterovirus Detection and SARS-CoV-2 Persistence beyond the Acute Infection Phase: An Intra-Household Surveillance Study.

We aimed to assess the duration of nasopharyngeal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA persistence in adults self-confined at home after acute infection; and to identify the associations of SARS-CoV-2 persistence with respiratory virus co-detection and infection transmission. A cross-sectional intra-household study was conducted in metropolitan Barcelona (Spain) during the time period of April to June 2020. Every adult who was the first family member reported as SARS-CoV-2-positive by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as well as their household child contacts had nasopharyngeal swabs tested by a targeted SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and a multiplex viral respiratory panel after a 15 day minimum time lag. Four-hundred and four households (404 adults and 708 children) were enrolled. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 137 (33.9%) adults and 84 (11.9%) children. Rhinovirus/Enterovirus (RV/EV) was commonly found (83.3%) in co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 in adults. The mean duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA presence in adults' nasopharynx was 52 days (range 26-83 days). The persistence of SARS-CoV-2 was significantly associated with RV/EV co-infection (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 9.31; 95% CI 2.57-33.80) and SARS-CoV-2 detection in child contacts (aOR 2.08; 95% CI 1.24-3.51). Prolonged nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RNA persistence beyond the acute infection phase was frequent in adults quarantined at home during the first epidemic wave; which was associated with RV/EV co-infection and could enhance intra-household infection transmission