On the arithmetic sums of Cantor sets

Let C_\la and C_\ga be two affine Cantor sets in $\mathbb{R}$ with similarity dimensions d_\la and d_\ga, respectively. We define an analog of the Bandt-Graf condition for self-similar systems and use it to give necessary and sufficient conditions for having \Ha^{d_\la+d_\ga}(C_\la + C_\ga)>0 where C_\la + C_\ga denotes the arithmetic sum of the sets. We use this result to analyze the orthogonal projection properties of sets of the form C_\la \times C_\ga. We prove that for Lebesgue almost all directions $\theta$ for which the projection is not one-to-one, the projection has zero (d_\la + d_\ga)-dimensional Hausdorff measure. We demonstrate the results on the case when C_\la and C_\ga are the middle-(1-2\la) and middle-(1-2\ga) sets

The effects of 8 week balance training on the kayaking performance of the beginners

Purpose: To analyze the effects of a special 8-week balance-training program on the static and dynamic balance values and on kayak specific balance values of female candidate athletes who are new to kayaking. Material: The study included 25 volunteer healthy young women (mean age: 14.92 ±0.39 years, mean weight: 58.47 ±11.28 kg, mean height: 165.68 ±3.84 cm, mean body fat: 27 ± 7.61%); they were randomly divided into two groups as intervention (n=15) and control (n=10). The intervention group had a special 40-minute balance training (10-min warm-up and 30-min proprioceptive exercises) 3 days a week. The control group had their traditional training scheme only (initial 10-min run for warm-up, 40-min ergometer exercise and strength training, 10-min stretching; after 1 month, 10-min warm-up, 4x10-min technical training in water with 5-min rest between sets, technical training in water for 3 km, 20-min stretching). Along with these, both groups had “technical kayak training” 2 days a week. Static and dynamic balance measurements were done with Prokin Tecnobody Isokinetic balance measurement device; kayak-specific balance measurements were done on specially designed kayak prototype and on standard race kayak (K1). Results: An improvement was found in the static and dynamic balance values of both groups as well as their kayak-specific balance values. It was found that the improvements in static and dynamic balance and especially in kayak-specific balance measured on the prototype kayak ( 15x"> =17.8 -82.4%) and standard race kayak ( 15x"> =36.2) were significantly higher in the intervention group (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was found that the 8-week-long special balance training had positive effects on kayaking balance performance of the beginners

Differential effects of age of acquisition and frequency on memory: evidence from free recall of pictures and words in Turkish

The advantage of processing early acquired items over late acquired items in lexical and semantic tasks across a number of languages is well documented. Interestingly contradictory evidence has been reported in recall tasks where participants perform better overall on late acquired items compared to early acquired items in English (Dewhurst, Hitch & Barry, 1998). Moreover, free recall has also been reported to be modulated by frequency as well as list type in that studying pure lists of high frequency words or low frequency words typically leads to a recall advantage for high frequency words (Dewhurst, Brandt & Sharp, 2004). This recall advantage either disappears or is reversed when the same items are presented in mixed lists containing both high and low frequency items (Dewhurst et al, 2004). The current experiment aims to shed further light on this discrepancy by exploring the influence of AoA and frequency on free recall on standardised pictures and their names (words) in Turkish in mixed and pure lists (Raman, Raman & Mertan, 2014). Eighty participants were recruited from Yeditepe University and were assigned to either a picture (N=40) or a word condition (N=40) in which stimuli were presented in either a mixed or a pure list. Following a distracter task, participants were asked to recall as many pictures or words as they could remember from the list they viewed. The findings lend partial support to the previous findings in English and the implications are discussed within the context of current cognitive frameworks

Design mining interacting wind turbines

© 2016 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. An initial study has recently been presented of surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms used to design vertical-axis wind turbines wherein candidate prototypes are evaluated under fan-generated wind conditions after being physically instantiated by a 3D printer. Unlike other approaches, such as computational fluid dynamics simulations, no mathematical formulations were used and no model assumptions weremade. This paper extends that work by exploring alternative surrogate modelling and evolutionary techniques. The accuracy of various modelling algorithms used to estimate the fitness of evaluated individuals from the initial experiments is compared. The effect of temporally windowing surrogate model training samples is explored. A surrogateassisted approach based on an enhanced local search is introduced; and alternative coevolution collaboration schemes are examined

An appeal to the global health community for a tripartite innovation: an ‘‘Essential Diagnostics List,’’ ‘‘Health in All Policies,’’ and ‘‘See-Through 21st Century Science and Ethics"

Diagnostics spanning a wide range of new biotechnologies, including proteomics, metabolomics, and nanotechnology, are emerging as companion tests to innovative medicines. In this Opinion, we present the rationale for promulgating an ‘‘Essential Diagnostics List.’’ Additionally, we explain the ways in which adopting a vision for ‘‘Health in All Policies’’ could link essential diagnostics with robust and timely societal outcomes such as sustainable development, human rights, gender parity, and alleviation of poverty. We do so in three ways. First, we propose the need for a new, ‘‘see through’’ taxonomy for knowledge-based innovation as we transition from the material industries (e.g., textiles, plastic, cement, glass) dominant in the 20th century to the anticipated knowledge industry of the 21st century. If knowledge is the currency of the present century, then it is sensible to adopt an approach that thoroughly examines scientific knowledge, starting with the production aims, methods, quality, distribution, access, and the ends it purports to serve. Second, we explain that this knowledge trajectory focus on innovation is crucial and applicable across all sectors, including public, private, or public–private partnerships, as it underscores the fact that scientific knowledge is a co-product of technology, human values, and social systems. By making the value systems embedded in scientific design and knowledge co-production transparent, we all stand to benefit from sustainable and transparent science. Third, we appeal to the global health community to consider the necessary qualities of good governance for 21st century organizations that will embark on developing essential diagnostics. These have importance not only for science and knowledge based innovation, but also for the ways in which we can build open, healthy, and peaceful civil societies today and for future generations

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

The effect of Zumba exercises on body composition, dynamic balance and functional fitness parameters in 15-17 years old women with high body mass index

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in body composition-dynamic balance and functional movement capacity of 60 female high school students with body mass index (BMI) over 24.9 before and after the eight-week zumba exercise program. Material: The study included 60 volunteer healthy young women whose body mass index was higher than 24.9 (mean age: 16.75 ± 0.43 years, mean weight: 75.99±10.91 kg, mean body fat: 36.83 ± 6.1%, BMI: 29.56 ± 4.12). The portable stadiometer Seca-213 was used to determine the lengths of the study group. TANITA-Bc 545 N Innerscan Segmental Body Composition Analyzer, “Y-Balance Test was implemented to determine the dynamic balance values for the lower and upper extremities, Functional Movement Screen (FMS) test was used to determine functional movement capacity. To determine the number of heart beats during zumba exercises, Polar M430 Heart Rate Monitor was used and a total of 24 zumba exercise sessions were conducted from three days a week for eight weeks. Results: According to the findings of the study, during the 8-week zumba training program, it is seen that it provided statistically significant improvement in total body weight loss (p=.000), BMI parameter (p=.000), body fat % (p=.002), FMS values (p=.000) and lower an upper extremity dynamic balance parameters (p=.000). Conclusions: It was found that the eight-week zumba training program had positive effects body composition values, functional mobility assessment results and dynamic balance parameters of high school students with a high body mass index of 15-17 years of age

Thermodynamic analysis of Mo2C powder synthesis by chemical vapor reaction method

Thermodynamic analysis was carried out to determine the processing conditions for the synthesis Of Mo2C powders by Chemical Vapor Reaction (CVR) method using MoO3-CH4-H-2-N-2 and MOCl5-CH4-H-2-N-2 gaseous mixtures. Equilibrium solid stability diagrams were produced as a function of temperature and MoO3/(MoO3+CH4) or MoCl5/(MoCl5+CH4) reactant gas ratio. The diagrams show that Mo2C powders are synthesized at narrow range of experimental variables. Mo powder is produced at high yields when the MoO3-CH4-H-2 gases are used. Equilibrium gas phase composition and solid yields were also determined. The results of the calculations were compared with those reported in the literature