Influencia de nuevas técnicas de desinfección de suelos sobre la precocidad y productividad del fresón ecológico.

Una pérdida del equilibrio del suelo puede presentar peligrosidad para el cultivo por la presencia de hongos patógenos, nemátodos parásitos, ácaros,…En agricultura ecológica se hace necesaria una rotación de cultivos para controlar la presión de los patógenos, que puede verse complementado con los tratamientos de biofumigación y solarización. Con este trabajo se pretende estudiar la influencia de nuevas técnicas de desinfección de suelos, como son la biofumigación y la solarización, en la precocidad y productividad en el cultivo ecológico de fresón. El ensayo se desarrolló durante las campañas 2003/04 y 2004/05 en una explotación comercial ecológica certificada de Almonte (Huelva). Para ello se diseñó un experimento en bloques al azar, con tres repeticiones en el que se dispusieron tres tratamientos: control (C), biofumigación (BF) y biofumigación+solarización (BF+S). Durante la campaña 2003-04 los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en la producción de fresón de primera categoría comercial entre los tratamientos biofumigados y el tratamiento control, alcanzándose valores máximos de producción de 623,5 g planta-1 en el tratamiento biofumigación. La precocidad durante la primera campaña mostró diferencias significativas entre el tratamiento biofumigación+solarización y el tratamiento control. En la campaña 2004/05 la influencia de las heladas sobre el cultivo del fresón pudo ser la causa que provocó la ausencia de diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos, a pesar de ello se siguieron obteniendo las mayores producciones con los tratamientos biofumigados

Diagnóstico y mejoramiento del Rastro municipal, Zacoalco de Torres.

Las propuestas de mejora a corto, mediano y largo plazo para el Rastro municipal de Zacoalco de Torres, es un proyecto que se desarrolló en el PAP San Pedro Valencia: Programa de Sustentabilidad Socioambiental para el Desarrollo Inclusivo en el cual identificamos una problemática que se centra en la contaminación del medio ambiente –suelo- a causa de la mala disposición de aguas residuales provenientes de procesos del Rastro Municipal. Esta mala gestión genera riesgos a la salud de viviendas aledañas por contaminación de agua potable y exposición a materia residual no tratada. Para poder proponer dichas propuestas de mejora fue necesario elaborar un diagnóstico/formulario en base a la normativa mexicana aplicable en los rastros municipales. De este modo se encontró un total de 22 Normas Oficiales Mexicanas, de las cuales solamente 5 involucran el manejo de las aguas residuales; Estas cinco normas son: NOM-008-ZOO-1994, NOM-009-ZOO-1994, NOM-194-SSA1-2004, NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996, NOM-002-SEMARNAT-1996. De esta forma, una vez que se aplicó el diagnóstico/formulario al director del rastro, se logró identificar aquellas propuestas de mejora a corto, mediano y largo plazo para el rastro de Zacoalco de Torres. Asimismo, se buscó que en todo momento las propuestas fueran claras y de rápida aplicación involucrando tanto a directivos del rastro como al director de gestión y proyectos del agua potable en el municipio.ITESO, A.C

The role of neo-tectonics in the sedimentary infilling and geomorphological evolution of the Guadalquivir estuary (Gulf of Cadiz, SW Spain) during the Holocene.

Spain) has yielded new evidence regarding the sedimentary infilling and geomorphological evolution of the Guadalquivir estuary during the Holocene. The sedimentation and geomorphological disposition have been strongly conditioned by neotectonic activity along a set of SW-NE alignments, interrupted by other alignments that follow E-W and NW-SE directions. The most conspicuous of the SW-NE alignments is the Torre Carbonero-Marilópez Fault (TCMF). South of this fault, the estuary experienced a marked subsidence from about 4000 to 2000 cal. yr BP through a series of sedimentary sequences of retrogradation and aggradationwithin the context of relative sea-level rise. From c. 2000 cal. yr BP to the present the subsidence has remained relatively dormant, with progradation of the littoral systems and infilling of the marshland progressing within a context of sea-level stability. Our results reveal that neotectonic activity is a critical factor thatmust also be reckonedwith in any attempt to understand the Holocene geomorphological evolution in the Guadalquivir estuary

Deciphering the Non-Equivalence of Serine and Threonine O-Glycosylation Points: Implications for Molecular Recognition of the Tn Antigen by an anti-MUC1 Antibody

© 2015 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. The structural features of MUC1-like glycopeptides bearing the Tn antigen (α-O-GalNAc-Ser/Thr) in complex with an anti MUC-1 antibody are reported at atomic resolution. For the α-O-GalNAc-Ser derivative, the glycosidic linkage adopts a high-energy conformation, barely populated in the free state. This unusual structure (also observed in an α-S-GalNAc-Cys mimic) is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the peptidic fragment and the sugar. The selection of a particular peptide structure by the antibody is thus propagated to the carbohydrate through carbohydrate/peptide contacts, which force a change in the orientation of the sugar moiety. This seems to be unfeasible in the α-O-GalNAc-Thr glycopeptide owing to the more limited flexibility of the side chain imposed by the methyl group. Our data demonstrate the non-equivalence of Ser and Thr O-glycosylation points in molecular recognition processes. These features provide insight into the occurrence in nature of the APDTRP epitope for anti-MUC1 antibodies.Peer Reviewe

Sox9 and Sox8 protect the adult testis from male-to-female genetic reprogramming and complete degeneration

The new concept of mammalian sex maintenance establishes that particular key genes must remain active in the differentiated gonads to avoid genetic sex reprogramming, as described in adult ovaries after Foxl2 ablation. Dmrt1 plays a similar role in postnatal testes, but the mechanism of adult testis maintenance remains mostly unknown. Sox9 and Sox8 are required for postnatal male fertility, but their role in the adult testis has not been investigated. Here we show that after ablation of Sox9 in Sertoli cells of adult, fertile Sox8(-/-) mice, testis-to-ovary genetic reprogramming occurs and Sertoli cells transdifferentiate into granulosa-like cells. The process of testis regression culminates in complete degeneration of the seminiferous tubules, which become acellular, empty spaces among the extant Leydig cells. DMRT1 protein only remains in non-mutant cells, showing that SOX9/8 maintain Dmrt1 expression in the adult testis. Also, Sox9/8 warrant testis integrity by controlling the expression of structural proteins and protecting Sertoli cells from early apoptosis. Concluding, this study shows that, in addition to its crucial role in testis development, Sox9, together with Sox8 and coordinately with Dmrt1, also controls adult testis maintenance

The use of fluoroproline in MUC1 antigen enables efficient detection of antibodies in patients with prostate cancer

A structure-based design of a new gene22ration tumor-associated glycopeptides with improved affinity against two anti-MUC1 antibodies is described. These unique antigens feature a fluorinated proline residue, such as a (4S)-4-fluoro-L-proline or 4,4-difluoroproline, at the most immunogenic domain. Binding assays using bio-layer interferometry reveal 3-fold to 10-fold affinity improvement with respect to the natural (glyco)peptides. According to X-ray crystallography and MD simulations, the fluorinated residues stabilize the antigen-antibody complex by enhancing key CH/ interactions. Interestingly, a notable improvement in detection of cancer-associated anti-MUC1 antibodies from serum of patients with prostate cancer is achieved with the non-natural antigens, which proves that these derivatives can be considered better diagnostic tools than the natural antigen for this type of cancer.We thank the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (projects CTQ2015-67727-R, UNLR13-4E-1931, CTQ2013-44367-C2-2-P, CTQ2015-64597-C2-1P, and BFU2016-75633-P). I. A. B. thanks the Asociación Española Contra el Cancer en La Rioja for a grant. I. S. A. and G. J. L. B. thank FCT Portugal (PhD studentship and FCT Investigator, respectively) and the EPSRC for funding. G. J. L. B. holds a Royal Society URF and an ERC StG (TagIt). F.C. and G. J. L. B thank the EU (Marie-Sklodowska Curie ITN, Protein Conjugates). R.H-G. thanks Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y Desarrollo (ARAID) and the Diputación General de Aragón (DGA, B89) for financial support. The research leading to these results has also received funding from the FP7 (2007-2013) under BioStruct-X (grant agreement N°283570 and BIOSTRUCTX_5186). We thank synchrotron radiation source DIAMOND (Oxford) and beamline I04 (number of experiment mx10121-19). Hokkaido University group acknowledges to JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 25220206 and JSPS Wakate B KAKENHI Grant Number 24710242. We also thank CESGA (Santiago de Compostela) for computer support

No evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in wild mink (Mustela lutreola and neogale vison) from northern Spain during the first two years of pandemic

The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on wildlife is largely unevaluated, and extended surveillance of animal species is needed to reach a consensus on the role of animals in the emergence and maintenance of SARS-CoV-2. This infection has been detected in farmed and domestic animals and wild animals, mainly in captivity. The interactions or shared resources with wildlife could represent a potential transmission pathway for the SARS-CoV-2 spill over to other wild species and could lead to health consequences or the establishment of new reservoirs in susceptible hosts. This study evaluated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in European mink (Mustela lutreola) and American mink (Neogale vison) in Spain by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the receptor binding domain (RBD) of Spike antigen in serum samples and/or by RT-qPCR assays in oropharyngeal and rectal swabs. From January 2020 to February 2022, a total of 162 animals (127 European mink and 35 American mink) with no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in the study. Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 were not found in the serum samples analysed (n = 126), nor was the virus amplified by RT-qPCR (n = 160 swabs). Our results suggest that the potential role of wild mink and the European mink bred in captivity and released to the wild as dispersers of SARS-CoV-2 is so far low. However, wildlife surveillance for early detection of human and animal risks should be continued. In this sense, epidemiological monitoring measures, including serology and molecular analysis, are necessary

Structure-Based Design of Potent Tumor-Associated Antigens: Modulation of Peptide Presentation by Single-Atom O/S or O/Se Substitutions at the Glycosidic Linkage.

GalNAc-glycopeptides derived from mucin MUC1 are an important class of tumor-associated antigens. α- O-glycosylation forces the peptide to adopt an extended conformation in solution, which is far from the structure observed in complexes with a model anti-MUC1 antibody. Herein, we propose a new strategy for designing potent antigen mimics based on modulating peptide/carbohydrate interactions by means of O → S/Se replacement at the glycosidic linkage. These minimal chemical modifications bring about two key structural changes to the glycopeptide. They increase the carbohydrate-peptide distance and change the orientation and dynamics of the glycosidic linkage. As a result, the peptide acquires a preorganized and optimal structure suited for antibody binding. Accordingly, these new glycopeptides display improved binding toward a representative anti-MUC1 antibody relative to the native antigens. To prove the potential of these glycopeptides as tumor-associated MUC1 antigen mimics, the derivative bearing the S-glycosidic linkage was conjugated to gold nanoparticles and tested as an immunogenic formulation in mice without any adjuvant, which resulted in a significant humoral immune response. Importantly, the mice antisera recognize cancer cells in biopsies of breast cancer patients with high selectivity. This finding demonstrates that the antibodies elicited against the mimetic antigen indeed recognize the naturally occurring antigen in its physiological context. Clinically, the exploitation of tumor-associated antigen mimics may contribute to the development of cancer vaccines and to the improvement of cancer diagnosis based on anti-MUC1 antibodies. The methodology presented here is of general interest for applications because it may be extended to modulate the affinity of biologically relevant glycopeptides toward their receptors

Generating Bessel beams with broad depth-of-field by using phase-only acoustic holograms

[EN] We report zero-th and high-order acoustic Bessel beams with broad depth-of-field generated using acoustic holograms. While the transverse field distribution of Bessel beams generated using traditional passive methods is correctly described by a Bessel function, these methods present a common drawback: the axial distribution of the field is not constant, as required for ideal Bessel beams. In this work, we experimentally, numerically and theoretically report acoustic truncated Bessel beams of flat-intensity along their axis in the ultrasound regime using phase-only holograms. In particular, the beams present a uniform field distribution showing an elongated focal length of about 40 wavelengths, while the transverse width of the beam remains smaller than 0.7 wavelengths. The proposed acoustic holograms were compared with 3D-printed fraxicons, a blazed version of axicons. The performance of both phase-only holograms and fraxicons is studied and we found that both lenses produce Bessel beams in a wide range of frequencies. In addition, high-order Bessel beam were generated. We report first order Bessel beams that show a clear phase dislocation along their axis and a vortex with single topological charge. The proposed method may have potential applications in ultrasonic imaging, biomedical ultrasound and particle manipulation applications using passive lenses.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Innovation (MINECO) through Project TEC2016-80976-R. NJ and SJ acknowledge financial support from Generalitat Valenciana through grants APOSTD/2017/042, ACIF/2017/045 and GV/2018/11. FC acknowledges financial support from Agencia Valenciana de la Innovacio through grant INNCON00/18/9 and European Regional Development Fund (IDIFEDER/2018/022).Jiménez-Gambín, S.; Jimenez, N.; Benlloch Baviera, JM.; Camarena Femenia, F. (2019). 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