Social and Economic Impact Assessment of Relevant Sporting Events in Local Communities: the Case of the ITF Female Tennis Championship held in Seville in 2006

Nowadays, sports go beyond their merely practice reaching social, economic and even policy aspects of everyday life. Hosting great sporting events has become into a rather prolific source of direct and induced benefits for the cities where they take place. Hence, public and economic institutions struggle to host these kinds of events along their geographical influence areas. However, most impact assessments often exaggerate local benefits since they are conducted by vested interest agents. Then, this paper provides a simpleto- use methodology to assess the social and economic impacts of hosting great sporting events at local level. Transparency and impartiality are two main advantages of the followed procedure in the sense that it has been carried out by a research group linked to the University and with no vested interest at all. The empirical part has been developed for the ITF Female Tennis Championship of the WTA Circuit held in Seville in October, 2006.JRC.J.2-Competitiveness and Sustainabilit

Significancia cultural de las plantas medicinales en el distrito de Quinua (Huamanga, Ayacucho)

Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorRealiza un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de la flora medicinal silvestre presente en el distrito de Quinua (Ayacucho, Perú). La metodología empleada se basó en la recolección intensiva de la flora medicinal a través de las caminatas etnobotánicas y formulación de entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas a los pobladores de las comunidades campesinas del distrito con el fin de determinar la significancia cultural de las especies medicinales. Se reporta en total de 111 especies medicinales utilizadas por los pobladores del lugar; éstas se agrupan en 44 familias y 86 géneros, siendo las más representativas Asteraceae (33 spp.), Fabaceae (10 spp.) y Lamiaceae (7 spp.). Las especies fueron clasificadas en 18 subcategorías de dolencias y/o enfermedades; la mayoría de ellas son utilizadas en el tratamiento de afecciones del sistema digestivo (98 spp.), sistema genitourinario (76 spp.), inflamaciones (75 spp.), sistema músculo esquelético (64 spp.), sistema respiratorio (56 spp.) y enfermedades culturales (50 spp.). Se determinó que las plantas medicinales de mayor significancia cultural son Equisetum bogotense “cola de caballo”, Plantago major “llantén”, Oenothera rosea “yawar suqu”, Caesalpinia spinosa “tara”, Ambrosia arborescens “marko”, Clinopodium brevicalyx “muña”, Lupinus ballianus “qera”, Schinus molle “molle”, Clinopodium breviflorum “punchaw wayrasa”, Ligaria cuneifolia “tullma” y Lepechinia meyeni “panpa salvia”; mientras que las especies más conocidas (populares) como medicinales son Oenothera rosea, Lupinus ballianus y Clinopodium brevicalix. Se concluye que los pobladores del distrito de Quinua poseen un gran conocimiento de las plantas medicinales y aún siguen utilizando la medicina tradicional para mantener su salud. La conservación y transmisión de este conocimiento depende del mantenimiento de las tradiciones, costumbres y caracteristicas de este grupo humano, que a la vez se ve influenciado por varios factores sociales y ecológicos como la distribución y disponibilidad de las especies; y las enfermedades de mayor recurrencia en los pobladores.Tesi

Propuesta de mejora en la productividad para el cultivo de la palta Hass (persea americana) para exportación en el distrito de Huáncano provincia de Pisco

El trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo general estimar el beneficio de la aplicación de una propuesta de mejora sobre la productividad del cultivo de palta Hass (Persea americana) para exportación del distrito de Huáncano, provincia de Pisco. La metodología de investigación fue de tipo no experimental, de enfoque cuantitativo, de nivel descriptivo- correlacional y de corte transversal. La técnica de investigación fue la encuesta y el instrumento utilizado fue el cuestionario. La población estuvo representada por los productores de palta Hass del distrito de Huáncano, la muestra fue de tamaño 40. Los resultados demostraron que, con la aplicación de la propuesta de mejora (cultivo de palta Hass clonal), la producción aumentaría un 61.3% respecto del cultivo tradicional, el descarte máximo se reduciría en 5%, las utilidades anuales aumentarían el triple de su valor. Además, los indicadores de rentabilidad muestran que el VAN (Valor Actual Neto) aumentaría un 42.4%, que ambos proyectos son rentables según su TIR (Tasa Interna de Retorno) y que el indicador B/C (Beneficio / Costo) es positivo. Se concluyó que el cultivo de palta Hass clonal mejoraría la productividad del cultivo de palta Hass para exportación en el distrito de Huáncano

Endophthalmitis following penetrating eye injuries

Postinjury endophthalmitis is the eye infection with the worst prognosis. A retrospective 9-year study was made of penetrating eye injuries, with an analysis of the incidence of infection and its relation to the type of wound and the presence of intraocular foreign bodies. There were 403 cases of penetrating eye injury; of these, 233 affected the cornea and 170 involved the posterior pole. Intraocular foreign bodies were present in 40 cases. Endophthalmitis developed in 4.2% of cases (17/403), and was more common in patients with posterior pole involvement (7%) than in purely corneal trauma (2.1%) (p = 0.03, Chi-square). Infection was in turn more frequent in the presence of intraocular foreign bodies (15%) (p = 0.17, Chi-square). Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common cause (23.4%), while in three cases (17.6%) mixed infection was detected. The visual results were evisceration or non-perception of light in 82.3% of cases

IN VITRO EQUIVALENCE STUDY OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF CARBAMAZEPINE REFERENCE TABLETS USING USP APPARATUSES 2 AND 4

Objective: To perform an in vitro equivalence study of two doses of carbamazepine reference tablets sold in the local market under hydrodynamic conditions of USP Apparatus 4, a dissolution apparatus that better simulates the human gastrointestinal tract. Results were compared with dissolution official conditions using USP Apparatus 2. Methods: Dissolution profiles of both formulations were carried out with an automated USP Apparatus 2 at 75 rpm and 900 ml of dissolution medium. USP Apparatus 4 with laminar flow at 16 ml/min and 22.6 mm cells were used. 1% lauryl sulfate aqueous solution at 37.0±0.5 °C was used as dissolution medium. Spectrophotometric determination of drug at 285 nm was carried out during 60 min. Dissolution profiles were compared with model-independent and-dependent approaches. Results: When comparing dissolution profiles of low vs. high dose similar profiles were found (f2>50) in each dissolution apparatus, however, when the same dose was compared, USP 2 vs. USP 4, opposite results were obtained. Comparison of mean dissolution time and dissolution efficiency data corroborates these results. Weibull function was the best mathematical model that described the in vitro dissolution performance of carbamazepine. No significant differences were found in Td values (low vs. high dose) but opposite results were also found with USP 2 vs. USP 4. Conclusion: Equivalent dissolution performance of two doses of carbamazepine reference tablets were found in each USP dissolution apparatus. The main problem identified in this comparative study is the low dissolution rate and extent found with USP Apparatus 4. More research on this field is necessary for all available doses of reference drug products since the quality of generic formulations depends on the quality of references

INFLUENCE OF DOSE AND USP DISSOLUTION APPARATUS IN THE RELEASE PERFORMANCE OF REFERENCE TABLETS: PROPRANOLOL-HCl AND RANITIDINE-HCl CASES

Objective: Due to quality of generic formulations depends on available information of reference drug products the aim of this work was to perform an in vitro dissolution study of two doses of propranolol-HCl and ranitidine-HCl reference tablets using USP basket or paddle apparatus and flow-through cell method. Methods: Two doses of propranolol-HCl (10-mg and 80-mg) and ranitidine-HCl (150-mg and 300-mg) of Mexican reference products were used. Dissolution profiles of propranolol-HCl were obtained with USP basket apparatus at 100 rpm and 1000 ml of 1% hydrochloric acid. Profiles of ranitidine-HCl were determined with USP paddle apparatus at 50 rpm and 900 ml of distilled water. All formulations were also studied with the flow-through cell method using laminar flow at 16 ml/min. Dissolution profiles were compared by model-independent (f2 similarity factor, mean dissolution time and dissolution efficiency) and model-dependent methods (dissolution data adjusted to some mathematical equations). Time data, derived from these adjustments, as t50%, t63.25%, and t85% were used to compare dissolution profiles. Results: With all approaches used and being high solubility drugs significant differences were found between low and high doses and between USP dissolution apparatuses (*P<0.05). Conclusion: In vitro dissolution performance of two doses of propranolol-HCl and ranitidine-HCl was not expected. Considering the same USP dissolution apparatus, the reference tablets did not allow the simultaneous release of the used doses. The results could be of interest for pharmaceutical laboratories or health authorities that classify some drug products as a reference to be used in dissolution and bioequivalence studies

Automatic classification of human facial features based on their appearance

[EN] Classification or typology systems used to categorize different human body parts have existed for many years. Nevertheless, there are very few taxonomies of facial features. Ergonomics, forensic anthropology, crime prevention or new human-machine interaction systems and online activities, like e-commerce, e-learning, games, dating or social networks, are fields in which classifications of facial features are useful, for example, to create digital interlocutors that optimize the interactions between human and machines. However, classifying isolated facial features is difficult for human observers. Previous works reported low inter-observer and intra-observer agreement in the evaluation of facial features. This work presents a computer-based procedure to automatically classify facial features based on their global appearance. This procedure deals with the difficulties associated with classifying features using judgements from human observers, and facilitates the development of taxonomies of facial features. Taxonomies obtained through this procedure are presented for eyes, mouths and noses.Fuentes-Hurtado, F.; Diego-Mas, JA.; Naranjo Ornedo, V.; Alcañiz Raya, ML. (2019). Automatic classification of human facial features based on their appearance. PLoS ONE. 14(1):1-20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211314S120141Damasio, A. R. (1985). Prosopagnosia. Trends in Neurosciences, 8, 132-135. doi:10.1016/0166-2236(85)90051-7Bruce, V., & Young, A. (1986). Understanding face recognition. British Journal of Psychology, 77(3), 305-327. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1986.tb02199.xTodorov, A. (2011). Evaluating Faces on Social Dimensions. Social Neuroscience, 54-76. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195316872.003.0004Little, A. C., Burriss, R. P., Jones, B. C., & Roberts, S. C. (2007). 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Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 147, 102-113. doi:10.1016/j.cviu.2016.02.001Buckingham, G., DeBruine, L. M., Little, A. C., Welling, L. L. M., Conway, C. A., Tiddeman, B. P., & Jones, B. C. (2006). Visual adaptation to masculine and feminine faces influences generalized preferences and perceptions of trustworthiness. Evolution and Human Behavior, 27(5), 381-389. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2006.03.001Boberg M, Piippo P, Ollila E. Designing Avatars. DIMEA ‘08 Proc 3rd Int Conf Digit Interact Media Entertain Arts. ACM; 2008; 232–239. doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/1413634.1413679Rojas Q., M., Masip, D., Todorov, A., & Vitria, J. (2011). Automatic Prediction of Facial Trait Judgments: Appearance vs. Structural Models. PLoS ONE, 6(8), e23323. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023323Laurentini, A., & Bottino, A. (2014). Computer analysis of face beauty: A survey. 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The Influence of Each Facial Feature on How We Perceive and Interpret Human Faces

[EN] Facial information is processed by our brain in such a way that we immediately make judgments about, for example, attractiveness or masculinity or interpret personality traits or moods of other people. The appearance of each facial feature has an effect on our perception of facial traits. This research addresses the problem of measuring the size of these effects for five facial features (eyes, eyebrows, nose, mouth, and jaw). Our proposal is a mixed feature-based and image-based approach that allows judgments to be made on complete real faces in the categorization tasks, more than on synthetic, noisy, or partial faces that can influence the assessment. Each facial feature of the faces is automatically classified considering their global appearance using principal component analysis. Using this procedure, we establish a reduced set of relevant specific attributes (each one describing a complete facial feature) to characterize faces. In this way, a more direct link can be established between perceived facial traits and what people intuitively consider an eye, an eyebrow, a nose, a mouth, or a jaw. A set of 92 male faces were classified using this procedure, and the results were related to their scores in 15 perceived facial traits. We show that the relevant features greatly depend on what we are trying to judge. Globally, the eyes have the greatest effect. However, other facial features are more relevant for some judgments like the mouth for happiness and femininity or the nose for dominance.This study was carried out using the Chicago Face Database developed at the University of Chicago by Debbie S. Ma, Joshua Correll, and Bernd Wittenbrink.Diego-Mas, JA.; Fuentes-Hurtado, FJ.; Naranjo Ornedo, V.; Alcañiz Raya, ML. (2020). The Influence of Each Facial Feature on How We Perceive and Interpret Human Faces. i-Perception. 11(5):1-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041669520961123S118115Ahonen, T., Hadid, A., & Pietikainen, M. (2006). Face Description with Local Binary Patterns: Application to Face Recognition. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 28(12), 2037-2041. doi:10.1109/tpami.2006.244Axelrod, V., & Yovel, G. (2010). External facial features modify the representation of internal facial features in the fusiform face area. NeuroImage, 52(2), 720-725. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.027Belhumeur, P. N., Hespanha, J. P., & Kriegman, D. J. (1997). Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: recognition using class specific linear projection. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 19(7), 711-720. doi:10.1109/34.598228Biederman, I. (1987). Recognition-by-components: A theory of human image understanding. Psychological Review, 94(2), 115-147. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.94.2.115Blais, C., Roy, C., Fiset, D., Arguin, M., & Gosselin, F. (2012). The eyes are not the window to basic emotions. Neuropsychologia, 50(12), 2830-2838. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.08.010Bovet, J., Barthes, J., Durand, V., Raymond, M., & Alvergne, A. (2012). Men’s Preference for Women’s Facial Features: Testing Homogamy and the Paternity Uncertainty Hypothesis. PLoS ONE, 7(11), e49791. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049791Brahnam, S., & Nanni, L. (2010). Predicting trait impressions of faces using local face recognition techniques. Expert Systems with Applications, 37(7), 5086-5093. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2009.12.002Bruce, V., & Young, A. (1986). Understanding face recognition. British Journal of Psychology, 77(3), 305-327. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1986.tb02199.xCabeza, R., & Kato, T. (2000). Features are Also Important: Contributions of Featural and Configural Processing to Face Recognition. 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Glycated Hemoglobin, Fasting Insulin and the Metabolic Syndrome in Males. Cross-Sectional Analyses of the Aragon Workers' Health Study Baseline

Background and Aims Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is currently used to diagnose diabetes mellitus, while insulin has been relegated to research. Both, however, may help understanding the metabolic syndrome and profiling patients. We examined the association of HbA1c and fasting insulin with clustering of metabolic syndrome criteria and insulin resistance as two essential characteristics of the metabolic syndrome. Methods We used baseline data from 3200 non-diabetic male participants in the Aragon Workers' Health Study. We conducted analysis to estimate age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) across tertiles of HbA1c and insulin. Fasting glucose and Homeostatic model assessment - Insulin Resistance were used as reference. Here we report the uppermost-to-lowest tertile ORs (95\% CI). Results Mean age (SD) was 48.5 (8.8) years and 23\% of participants had metabolic syndrome. The ORs for metabolic syndrome criteria tended to be higher across HbA1c than across glucose, except for high blood pressure. Insulin was associated with the criteria more strongly than HbA1c and similarly to Homeostatic model assessment - Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). For metabolic syndrome, the OR of HbA1c was 2.68, of insulin, 11.36, of glucose, 7.03, and of HOMA-IR, 14.40. For the clustering of 2 or more non-glycemic criteria, the OR of HbA1c was 2.10, of insulin, 8.94, of glucose, 1.73, and of HOMA-IR, 7.83. All ORs were statistically significant. The areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves for metabolic syndrome were 0.670 (across HbA1c values) and 0.770 (across insulin values), and, for insulin resistance, 0.647 (HbA1c) and 0.995 (insulin). Among non-metabolic syndrome patients, a small insulin elevation identified risk factor clustering. Conclusions HbA1c and specially insulin levels were associated with metabolic syndrome criteria, their clustering, and insulin resistance. Insulin could provide early information in subjects prone to develop metabolic syndrome.M. Laclaustra was supported in part by grant FIS CP08/00112 from Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Y. Hurtado-Roca was supported by Scholarship No 088-FINCyT-BDE-2014 from Peruvian government. This study was supported in part by grants PI14/00009, PI12/01087, PI12/01703, PI10/00021 (Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria del Instituto de Salud Carlos III), co-funding by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER 2007-2013), and RETIC RIC RD12/0042/0055 from Instituto de Salud Carlos III. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.S

Oxidized LDL Is Associated With Metabolic Syndrome Traits Independently of Central Obesity and Insulin Resistance

This study assesses whether oxidative stress, using oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) as a proxy, is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS), whether ox-LDL mediates the association between central obesity and MS, and whether insulin resistance mediates the association between ox-LDL and MS. We examined baseline data from 3,987 subjects without diabetes in the Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis (PESA) Study. For the second, third, and fourth ox-LDL quartiles versus the first, the odds ratios (95% CI) for MS were 0.84 (0.52, 1.36), 1.47 (0.95, 2.32), and 2.57 (1.66, 4.04) (P < 0.001 for trend) once adjusted for age, sex, smoking, LDL-cholesterol, BMI, waist circumference, and HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results showing the same trend were found for all MS components except glucose concentration. Ox-LDL mediated 13.9% of the association of waist circumference with triglycerides and only 1-3% of the association with HDL-cholesterol, blood pressure, and insulin concentration. HOMA-IR did not mediate the association between ox-LDL and MS components. This study found higher ox-LDL concentrations were associated with MS and its components independently of central obesity and insulin resistance. Ox-LDL may reflect core mechanisms through which MS components develop and progress in parallel with insulin resistance and could be a clinically relevant predictor of MS development.Y.H.-R. received support from Republic of Peru and the Inter-American Development Bank through FINCyT Science and Technology Program Scholarships No. 088-FINCyT-BDE-2014 under agreement 1663/OC-PE. M.L. received partial support from the Institute de Salud Carlos III, cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund, "Investing in Your Future" grants PI10/00021 and PI14/00009. The PESA study is supported by a noncompetitive unrestricted grant shared between the CNIC and Santander Bank. The CNIC is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and the Pro-CNIC Foundation and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (MINECO award SEV-2015-0505).S