Pharmakologische Langzeitbehandlung schizophrener Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung: Erkrankungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis stellen oft beeinträchtigende psychiatrische Krankheiten dar. Obwohl bei einer Reihe von Patienten Verlaufsformen mit wenigen Krankheitsepisoden und gutem klinischem Ergebnis auftreten, kommt es häufig zu einem chronischen und nachteiligen Krankheitsverlauf. Die Langzeittherapie schließt sich an die pharmakologische und psychosoziale Therapie im Rahmen der Akutbehandlung an und umfasst die postakute Stabilisierungsphase und die Remissionsphase. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über Behandlungsempfehlungen zur Langzeitpharmakotherapie, über den Umgang mit Nebenwirkungen, die Behandlung von Nonresponse und Therapieresistenz und die Mitbehandlung komorbider psychischer Störungen. Des Weiteren gibt sie einen Überblick über evidenzbasierte nichtpharmakologische Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. Für die Langzeittherapie der schizophrenen Erkrankungen wird ein integriertes Behandlungskonzept empfohlen, das evidenzbasierte Pharmakotherapie, psychotherapeutische Interventionen und supportive Therapieverfahren kombiniert. Dabei ist es in Zeiten der finanziellen Restriktion im Gesundheitssystem eine der großen Herausforderungen, den Patienten Zugang zu den empfohlenen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten zu verschaffen

Integrated N- and O-glycomics of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by a dysregulated expansion of poorly differentiated myeloid cells. Although patients are usually treated effectively by chemotherapy, a high rate of relapsed or refractory disease poses a major hurdle in its treatment. Recently, several studies have proposed implications of protein glycosylation in the pathobiology of AML including chemoresistance. Accordingly, associations have been found between specific glycan epitopes and the outcome of the disease. To advance this poorly studied field, we performed an exploratory glycomics study characterizing 21 widely used AML cell lines. Exploiting the benefits of porous graphitized carbon chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (PGC nano-LC-MS2), we qualitatively and quantitatively profiled N- and O-linked glycans. AML cell lines exhibited distinct glycan fingerprints differing in relevant glycan traits correlating with their cellular phenotype as classified by the FAB system. By implementing transcriptomics data, specific glycosyltransferases and hematopoietic transcription factors were identified, which are candidate drivers of the glycan phenotype of these cells. In conclusion, we report the varying expression of glycan structures across a high number of AML cell lines, including those associated with poor prognosis, identified underlying glycosyltransferases and transcription factors, and provide insights into the regulation of the AML glycan repertoire.Proteomic

SIMPATIQCO: A server-based software suite which facilitates monitoring the time course of LC-MS performance metrics on orbitrap instruments

While the performance of liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) instrumentation continues to increase, applications such as analyses of complete or near-complete proteomes and quantitative studies require constant and optimal system performance. For this reason, research laboratories and core facilities alike are recommended to implement quality control (QC) measures as part of their routine workflows. Many laboratories perform sporadic quality control checks. However, successive and systematic longitudinal monitoring of system performance would be facilitated by dedicated automatic or semiautomatic software solutions that aid an effortless analysis and display of QC metrics over time. We present the software package SIMPATIQCO (SIMPle AuTomatIc Quality COntrol) designed for evaluation of data from LTQ Orbitrap, Q-Exactive, LTQ FT, and LTQ instruments. A centralized SIMPATIQCO server can process QC data from multiple instruments. The software calculates QC metrics supervising every step of data acquisition from LC and electrospray to MS. For each QC metric the software learns the range indicating adequate system performance from the uploaded data using robust statistics. Results are stored in a database and can be displayed in a comfortable manner from any computer in the laboratory via a web browser. QC data can be monitored for individual LC runs as well as plotted over time. SIMPATIQCO thus assists the longitudinal monitoring of important QC metrics such as peptide elution times, peak widths, intensities, total ion current (TIC) as well as sensitivity, and overall LC-MS system performance; in this way the software also helps identify potential problems. The SIMPATIQCO software package is available free of charge

Theoretical analysis of neutron scattering results for quasi-two dimensional ferromagnets

A theoretical study has been carried out to analyse the available results from the inelastic neutron scattering experiment performed on a quasi-two dimensional spin-1/2 ferromagnetic material $K_2CuF_4$. Our formalism is based on a conventional semi-classical like treatment involving a model of an ideal gas of vortices/anti-vortices corresponding to an anisotropic XY Heisenberg ferromagnet on a square lattice. The results for dynamical structure functions for our model corresponding to spin-1/2, show occurrence of negative values in a large range of energy transfer even encompassing the experimental range, when convoluted with a realistic spectral window function. This result indicates failure of the conventional theoretical framework to be applicable to the experimental situation corresponding to low spin systems. A full quantum formalism seems essential for treating such systems.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, 1 Table Submitted for publicatio

Solar neutrino oscillation parameters after first KamLAND results

We analyze the energy spectrum of reactor neutrino events recently observed in the Kamioka Liquid scintillator Anti-Neutrino Detector (KamLAND) and combine them with solar and terrestrial neutrino data, in the context of two- and three-family active neutrino oscillations. In the 2-neutrino case, we find that the solution to the solar neutrino problem at large mixing angle (LMA) is basically split into two sub-regions, that we denote as LMA-I and LMA-II. The LMA-I solution, characterized by lower values of the squared neutrino mass gap, is favored by the global data fit. This picture is not significantly modified in the 3-neutrino mixing case. A brief discussion is given about the discrimination of the LMA-I and LMA-II solutions with future KamLAND data. In both the 2- and 3-neutrino cases, we present a detailed analysis of the post-KamLAND bounds on the oscillation parameters.Comment: Revised version. Two figures adde

Young and Intermediate-age Distance Indicators

Distance measurements beyond geometrical and semi-geometrical methods, rely mainly on standard candles. As the name suggests, these objects have known luminosities by virtue of their intrinsic proprieties and play a major role in our understanding of modern cosmology. The main caveats associated with standard candles are their absolute calibration, contamination of the sample from other sources and systematic uncertainties. The absolute calibration mainly depends on their chemical composition and age. To understand the impact of these effects on the distance scale, it is essential to develop methods based on different sample of standard candles. Here we review the fundamental properties of young and intermediate-age distance indicators such as Cepheids, Mira variables and Red Clump stars and the recent developments in their application as distance indicators.Comment: Review article, 63 pages (28 figures), Accepted for publication in Space Science Reviews (Chapter 3 of a special collection resulting from the May 2016 ISSI-BJ workshop on Astronomical Distance Determination in the Space Age

Gravitational Radiation From Cosmological Turbulence

An injection of energy into the early Universe on a given characteristic length scale will result in turbulent motions of the primordial plasma. We calculate the stochastic background of gravitational radiation arising from a period of cosmological turbulence, using a simple model of isotropic Kolmogoroff turbulence produced in a cosmological phase transition. We also derive the gravitational radiation generated by magnetic fields arising from a dynamo operating during the period of turbulence. The resulting gravitational radiation background has a maximum amplitude comparable to the radiation background from the collision of bubbles in a first-order phase transition, but at a lower frequency, while the radiation from the induced magnetic fields is always subdominant to that from the turbulence itself. We briefly discuss the detectability of such a signal.Comment: 20 pages. Corrections for an errant factor of 2 in all the gravity wave characteristic amplitudes. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

A White Paper on keV sterile neutrino Dark Matter

We present a comprehensive review of keV-scale sterile neutrino Dark Matter, collecting views and insights from all disciplines involved—cosmology, astrophysics, nuclear, and particle physics—in each case viewed from both theoretical and experimental/observational perspectives. After reviewing the role of active neutrinos in particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology, we focus on sterile neutrinos in the context of the Dark Matter puzzle. Here, we first review the physics motivation for sterile neutrino Dark Matter, based on challenges and tensions in purely cold Dark Matter scenarios. We then round out the discussion by critically summarizing all known constraints on sterile neutrino Dark Matter arising from astrophysical observations, laboratory experiments, and theoretical considerations. In this context, we provide a balanced discourse on the possibly positive signal from X-ray observations. Another focus of the paper concerns the construction of particle physics models, aiming to explain how sterile neutrinos of keV-scale masses could arise in concrete settings beyond the Standard Model of elementary particle physics. The paper ends with an extensive review of current and future astrophysical and laboratory searches, highlighting new ideas and their experimental challenges, as well as future perspectives for the discovery of sterile neutrinos

Collider aspects of flavour physics at high Q

This review presents flavour related issues in the production and decays of heavy states at LHC, both from the experimental side and from the theoretical side. We review top quark physics and discuss flavour aspects of several extensions of the Standard Model, such as supersymmetry, little Higgs model or models with extra dimensions. This includes discovery aspects as well as measurement of several properties of these heavy states. We also present public available computational tools related to this topic.Comment: Report of Working Group 1 of the CERN Workshop ``Flavour in the era of the LHC'', Geneva, Switzerland, November 2005 -- March 200

Velocity-space sensitivity of the time-of-flight neutron spectrometer at JET

The velocity-space sensitivities of fast-ion diagnostics are often described by so-called weight functions. Recently, we formulated weight functions showing the velocity-space sensitivity of the often dominant beam-target part of neutron energy spectra. These weight functions for neutron emission spectrometry (NES) are independent of the particular NES diagnostic. Here we apply these NES weight functions to the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR at JET. By taking the instrumental response function of TOFOR into account, we calculate time-of-flight NES weight functions that enable us to directly determine the velocity-space sensitivity of a given part of a measured time-of-flight spectrum from TOFOR