El juez español y la compleja cuestión de la determinación del ámbito de aplicación del derecho de la Unión Europea: en particular, en materia de garantías procesales de investigados y acusados

This paper aims to critically examine the theoretical and practical consequences of determining with more or less precision the scope of application of European Union law. Some key effects of the Luxembourg Court’s case law in Åkerberg Fransson and Melloni are analysed, in particular from the Spanish judge perspective and with regard to the procedural safeguards of the suspect and accused persons, since several Directives have been approved with a high expansive effect on what may be considered European Union law. Several guidelines are offered to the national legal practitioners to be able to determine in which cases they must opt for requesting a preliminary ruling from the Court of Justice of the European Union or before the Constitutional Court.Se realiza en este trabajo un estudio crítico de las consecuencias teóricas y prácticas de determinar con mayor o menor precisión el ámbito de aplicación del Derecho de la Unión Europea. Se analizan algunos importantes efectos de las sentencias del Tribunal de Luxemburgo en los asuntos Åkerberg Fransson y Melloni, en particular desde la perspectiva del juez español y en materia de garantías procesales de investigados y acusados, ya que se han aprobado diversas Directivas con un fuerte efecto expansivo de lo que pueda considerarse Derecho de la Unión. Se ofrecen algunas pautas al operador jurídico nacional para poder determinar en qué supuestos se ha de optar por el reenvío prejudicial ante el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea o ante el Tribunal Constitucional

Carta de Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea y privaciones de libertad ambulatoria

Producción Científic

Novedades en materia de obtención transfronteriza de información electrónica necesaria para la investigación y enjuiciamiento penal en el ámbito europeo

This paper presents and assesses two relevant developments in the cross-border gathering of electronic data needed for the investigation and proof of criminal acts at the European level. On the one hand, the Proposal for an EU Regulation European Production and Preservation Orders for electronic evidence, and on the other, the Second Additional Protocol to the Budapest Convention on cybercrime, within the framework of the Council of Europe. Unlike the current European Investigation Order system, which they will complement, both regulatory instruments are characterised by enabling direct cross-border cooperation between judicial authorities and internet service providers, which will undoubtedly bring advantages in terms of swiftness and efficiency in obtaining this kind of evidence, but may also entail disadvantages in relation to the guarantee of fundamental rights.Se exponen y valoran en este trabajo dos relevantes novedades en materia de obtención transfronteriza de información electrónica necesaria para la investigación y prueba de hechos delictivos en el ámbito europeo. Por un lado, la Propuesta de Reglamento de la Unión Europea sobre órdenes de entrega y conservación de pruebas electrónicas, y por otro, el segundo Protocolo adicional al Convenio de Budapest contra la cibercriminalidad, en el marco del Consejo de Europa. Ambos instrumentos normativos se caracterizan, a diferencia del vigente sistema de Orden Europea de Investigación, al que complementarán, por posibilitar la cooperación transfronteriza directa entre autoridades judiciales y proveedores de servicios de internet, lo cual sin duda reportará ventajas en términos de rapidez y eficacia en la obtención de este tipo de pruebas, pero también puede conllevar inconvenientes en relación con la garantía de derechos fundamentales

Prognostic impact of DNMT3A mutation in acute myeloid leukemia with mutated NPM1

Prognostic impact; Mutation; Acute myeloid leukemiaImpacte pronòstic; Mutació; Leucèmia mieloide agudaImpacto pronóstico; Mutación; Leucemia mieloide agudaThe negative prognostic impact of internal tandem duplication of FLT3 (FLT3-ITD) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia with mutated NPM1 (AML-NPM1) is restricted to those with a higher FLT3-ITD allelic ratio (FLT3high; ≥0.5) and considered negligible in those with a wild-type (FLT3WT)/low ITD ratio (FLT3low). Because the comutation of DNMT3A (DNMT3Amut) has been suggested to negatively influence prognosis in AML-NPM1, we analyzed the impact of DNMT3Amut in FLT3-ITD subsets (absent, low, and high ratios). A total of 164 patients diagnosed with AML-NPM1 included in 2 consecutive CETLAM protocols and with DNMT3A and FLT3 status available were studied. Overall, DNMT3Amut status did not have a prognostic impact, with comparable overall survival (P = .2). Prognostic stratification established by FLT3-ITD (FLT3WT = FLT3low > FLT3high) was independent of DNMT3Amut status. Measurable residual disease (MRD) based on NPM1 quantitative polymerase chain reaction was available for 94 patients. DNMT3Amut was associated with a higher number of mutated NPM1 transcripts after induction (P = .012) and first consolidation (C1; P < .001). All DNMT3Amut patients were MRD+ after C1 (P < .001) and exhibited significant MRD persistence after C2 and C3 (MRD+ vs MRD−; P = .027 and P = .001, respectively). Finally, DNMT3Amut patients exhibited a trend toward greater risk of molecular relapse (P = .054). In conclusion, DNMT3Amut did not modify the overall prognosis exerted by FLT3-ITD in AML-NPM1 despite delayed MRD clearance, possibly because of MRD-driven preemptive intervention.This work was supported in part by the Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant-Pau) and the José Carreras Leukemia Research Institute as well as grants from the Catalan Government (PERIS SLT002/16/0043 and AGAUR 2017 SGR 139) and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain (PI17/01246, PI20/01621 and CM20/00061)

Prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease and seroconversion after biological therapy

Background: Estimates of detectable antinuclear antibodies (ANA) prevalence vary widely, from 6% in healthy populations to 50-80% in patients with autoimmune disease. However, there is a lack of evidence about the overall prevalence in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and ANA seroconversion after the beginning of biological therapy. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the overall prevalence of ANA in IBD patients, their relationship with different treatments, clinical outcomes and the seroconversion rate of ANA in patients treated with biological therapy. Methods: Ambispective observational study including all consecutive IBD patients was carried out. Information about the presence of ANA, disease phenotype, duration, activity, complications, and past and current treatments were transversally collected. Retrospectively, in patients with detectable ANA, data regarding previous ANA detection and the diagnosis of lupus-like syndrome (LLS) was gathered. Results: A total of 879 IBD patients were included. We observed a detectable ANA prevalence of 13.6%. The presence of ANA was frequently associated with biological therapy (36/118) and decreased when immunomodulators were combined to this therapy (7/32). Of 78 patients with ANA prior to the beginning of biological therapy, a seroconversion rate of 28.8% was observed after a mean of 3.14 years. Only 1 patient suffered LLS. Conclusion: Our study showed a prevalence of detectable ANA higher than the expected in healthy population. The presence of ANA was lower when immunomodulator therapy is associated. The ANA seroconversion rate is relevant after the initiation of biological treatment nevertheless, the risk of LLS appeared to be marginal.Funding: The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The authors report funding support from the Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos III Grant (FIS–PI18/01304) related to this article

Hepatitis B: Inmunogenicidad de la vacuna recombinante cubana anti-hbv en trabajadores de la salud vacunados sin seroprotección

We measured ant-HBs to 153 health care workers in the Children Hospital Lorencita Villegas de Santos in Bogota who had receive Hepatitis B vaccine in the last 4 years. 124 had receive three doses (6 with booster), 18 two doses and 11 only one. They hadn't any positive titles in 25%, 33% and 73% respectively. Their average age was 40 years old. Then we gave 32 of the worker who has negative titles one 20 mgms dose of the Cuban recombinant vaccine and we measured blind titles before and 15 days after with ELISA quantitative method. 81% went into seroconversion (&gt; O UYL), 75% seroprotection (&gt; 10 IUIL) and 56% had levels over 100 UVL. This results are hilly significant and raises a possibility for health care workers who are "poor antibody responders" with other types of vaccines or even other population with the same problem.Medimos anti-HBVs a 153 trabajadores de la salud del Hospital Infantil Universitario, "Lorencita Villegas de Santos" en Santafé de Bogotá, a quien se les había vacunado contra la Hepatitis B en los últimos 4 años. 124 habían recibido tres dosis (6 con refuerzo), 18 dos dosis y 11 una sola dosis; no tenían títulos el 25%. 33% Y 73% respectivamente. Estos trabajadores tenían promedios de edad de 40 años. Se vacunaron 32 de estos trabajadores sin títulos con 1 dosis de 20 mgms de la vacuna cubana recombinante y se cuantificaron títulos anti-HBVs antes y 15 días después de la vacunación con método inmuno-enzimático cuantitativo a ciegas; obteniéndose seroconversión en el 81% (&gt; UI/L), seroprotección en el 75% (&gt; 10 UI/L), y 56% de los individuos tuvieron valores superiores a 100 UI/L. Estos resultados son altamente significativos y dan una alternativa para un grupo de trabajadores de la salud que no ha logrado títulos protectores y plantea un posibilidad para las poblaciones con factores que los cataloguen como "malos respondedores"

El proceso penal ante una nueva realidad tecnológica Europea

En primer lugar, destacaría que no hay arista que no haya sido tratada, siendo todos los aspectos que aborda tan actuales como relevantes, desde la doble perspectiva nacional y europea, que evidentemente aparece entreverada a causa del reconocimiento mutuo y la aproximación normativa. Por ello, quisiera destacar este acertado enfoque de este libro colectivo que pretende, no solo concienciar a los prácticos del derecho sobre la relevante transformación que estamos experimentando en los últimos años, introduciéndonos con interesantísimas reflexiones de su impacto y oportunidades que nos ofrece, de manera que nos sirva de acicate y ayuda en el esfuerzo de adaptación y capacitación que este desafío tecnológico y digital supone para la justicia penal europea. -- El mayor acierto es haber sabido seleccionar materias y aspectos tan diversos del ámbito de la justicia penal dentro de la Unión Europea, unidos todos ellos por el sedal invisible de la singularidad y transformación tecnológica, estructurándolos de manera especialmente acertada en los cuatro ejes temáticos en los que se articulan los 24 capítulos del libro. En cada uno de estos pilares se repasa el impacto, los límites, las posibilidades y, como no, los retos de la digitalización en relación con cuestiones legales y prácticas de la utilización de datos personales, la inteligencia artificial, la cooperación internacional, la criminalidad organizada, la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas y la protección de las víctimas y justicia juvenil. Si además, se cuenta con los mejores expertos en cada materia, esta acertada combinación es formula de éxito garantizado... Del prólogo de Francisco Jiménez-Villarejo Fernández. Fiscal de Sala de Cooperación Penal Internacional de la Fiscalía General del Estado.Proyecto de investigación del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación: Proceso penal y Unión Europea. Análisis y propuestas PID2020-116848GB-100Proyecto de investigación del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación: Respuesta jurídica y socioeducativa a la violencia de género ejercida por menores. Protección de la víctima e intervención con el menor agresor PID2019-106700RB-10

Focal adhesion genes refine the intermediate-risk cytogenetic classification of acute myeloid leukemia

© 2018 by the authors.In recent years, several attempts have been made to identify novel prognostic markers in patients with intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia (IR-AML), to implement risk-adapted strategies. The non-receptor tyrosine kinases are proteins involved in regulation of cell growth, adhesion, migration and apoptosis. They associate with metastatic dissemination in solid tumors and poor prognosis. However, their role in haematological malignancies has been scarcely studied. We hypothesized that PTK2/FAK, PTK2B/PYK2, LYN or SRC could be new prognostic markers in IR-AML. We assessed PTK2, PTK2B, LYN and SRC gene expression in a cohort of 324 patients, adults up to the age of 70, classified in the IR-AML cytogenetic group. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that PTK2B, LYN and PTK2 gene expression are independent prognostic factors in IR-AML patients. PTK2B and LYN identify a patient subgroup with good prognosis within the cohort with non-favorable FLT3/NPM1 combined mutations. In contrast, PTK2 identifies a patient subgroup with poor prognosis within the worst prognosis cohort who display non-favorable FLT3/NPM1 combined mutations and underexpression of PTK2B or LYN. The combined use of these markers can refine the highly heterogeneous intermediate-risk subgroup of AML patients, and allow the development of risk-adapted post-remission chemotherapy protocols to improve their response to treatment.Pallarès, VictorThis work was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Co-funding from FEDER) [CD13/00074 to V.P., PI15/00378 and PIE15/00028 to R.M., FIS PI17/01246, RD12/0036/0071 and FIS PI14/00450 to J.S., RD12/0036/0069 to M.G.., ISCIII-PS13/1640 and PI16/0665 to E.B., and RD12/0036/0014 and PIE13/00046 to M.A.S.] CIBERONC [CB16/12/00284 to M.A.S.]; CIBER-BBN [CBV6/01/1031 and Nanomets3 to R.M.]; AGAUR [2017 FI_B 00680 to A.F.; 2017-SGR-865 and 2014PROD0005 to R.M. and 2014-SGR-1281 to J.S.]; Fundació La Marató TV3 [416/C/2013-2030 to R.M., 100830/31/32 to J.S., M.G.. and M.A.S.]; Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute [P/AG 2017 to R.M.]; Spanish Health Research Program [PI12/02321 to M.G..]; Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) [to M.C.C.]; a grant from the Cellex Foundation, Barcelona [to J.S.]; a grant from La Generalitat de Catalunya (PERIS) [SLT002/16/00433 to J.S.]; and a grant from Fundación Española de Hematología y Hemoterapia (FEHH) [to V.P.]

Clínica jurídica, una forma de aprendizaje-servicio para la protección de Derechos humanos

[spa] El artículo explica los primeros pasos dados en el desarrollo del proyecto "Clínica jurídica: una forma de aprendizaje-servicio para la protección de derechos humanos" en la Universidad de Valladolid, cuyo principal objetivo consiste en la formación de juristas socialmente comprometidos.[eng] The paper explains the first steps given on the development of the Project “Clínica jurídica: una forma de aprendizaje-servicio para la protección de derechos humanos“ at the University of Valladolid which main aim would be a social engaged lawyers training

The expression level of BAALC-associated microRNA miR-3151 is an independent prognostic factor in younger patients with cytogenetic intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease whose prognosis is mainly related to the biological risk conferred by cytogenetics and molecular profiling. In elderly patients (>= 60 years) with normal karyotype AML miR-3151 have been identified as a prognostic factor. However, miR-3151 prognostic value has not been examined in younger AML patients. In the present work, we have studied miR-3151 alone and in combination with BAALC, its host gene, in a cohort of 181 younger intermediate-risk AML (IR-AML) patients. Patients with higher expression of miR-3151 had shorter overall survival (P = 0.0025), shorter leukemia-free survival (P = 0.026) and higher cumulative incidence of relapse (P = 0.082). Moreover, in the multivariate analysis miR-3151 emerged as independent prognostic marker in both the overall series and within the unfavorable molecular prognostic category. Interestingly, the combined determination of both miR-3151 and BAALC improved this prognostic stratification, with patients with low levels of both parameters showing a better outcome compared with those patients harboring increased levels of one or both markers (P = 0.003). In addition, we studied the microRNA expression profile associated with miR-3151 identifying a six-microRNA signature. In conclusion, the analysis of miR-3151 and BAALC expression may well contribute to an improved prognostic stratification of younger patients with IR-AML