Imagining Roman Britain : Victorian responses to a Roman past

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DXN062830 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Urbanization and mortality decline

We investigate the relationship between mortality decline and urbanization, which has hitherto been proposed by demographers but has yet to be tested rigorously in a global context. Using cross-national panel data we find evidence of a robust negative correlation between crude death rates and urbanization. The use of instrumental variables suggest that this relationship is causal, while historical data from the early 20th century suggests that this relationship holds in earlier periods as well. Finally, we find robust evidence that mortality decline is correlated with urbanization through the creation of new cities rather than promoting urban growth in already-extant cities

Innovation and strategy: Does it make a difference! A linear study of micro & SMEs

Innovation is known to be used by some businesses to help them differentiate their trading position within a specific locale. Research has also proven that by adopting a strategy, aims can be achieved and turnover increased. This study will endeavour to use these two key areas to evaluate how, they are used and to what extent they can improve business performance. The study was carried using 145 Micro and SME business, located within the rural county of Lincolnshire. The businesses were taken from specific locations on a random basis which included rural, remote rural and urban settings. Initial findings found that businesses situated within remote areas performed better than those within the other test areas, leading to the conclusion that they use innovation as a strategy to outperform their business rivals

Modernization and Its Discontents

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67022/2/10.1177_000276427702100208.pd

Big or small cities? On city size and economic growth.

Policy-makers and academics frequently emphasize a positive link between city size and economic growth. The empirical literature on the relationship, however, is scarce and uses rough indicators for the size for a country’s cities, while ignoring factors that are increasingly considered to shape the relationship. In this paper, we employ a panel of 113 countries between 1980 and 2010 to explore whether (1) there are certain city sizes that are growth enhancing and (2) how additional factors highlighted in the literature impact the city size/growth relationship. The results suggest a non-linear relationship which is dependent on the country’s size. In contrast to the prevailing view that large cities are growth-inducing, for the majority of countries relatively small cities of up to 3 million inhabitants are more conducive to economic growth. A large share of the urban population in cities with more than 10 million inhabitants is only growth promoting in countries with an urban population of 28.5 million and more. In addition, the relationship is highly context dependent: a high share of industries that benefit from agglomeration economies, a well-developed urban infrastructure, and an adequate level of governance effectiveness allow countries to take advantage of agglomeration benefits from larger cities

Urbanisation and Mortality Decline

We investigate the relationship between mortality decline and urbanization, which has hitherto been proposed by demographers but has yet to be tested rigorously in a global context. Using cross-national panel data, we find evidence of a robust negative correlation between crude death rates and urbanization. The use of instrumental variables suggest that this relationship is causal, while historical data from the early 20th century suggest that this relationship holds in earlier periods as well. Finally, we find robust evidence that mortality decline is correlated with urbanization through the creation of new cities rather than promoting urban growth in already-extant cities