Preventing wetting between liquid copper and solid steel: a simple extraction technique.

Abstract Copper contamination of end-of-life steel scrap is the main barrier to high-quality recycling. Preferential melting of copper from solid steel scrap is a potential extraction technique, which could be integrated into conventional scrap re-melting with little additional energy. However, previous investigations show removal of liquid copper is limited by its adherence to solid scrap. Preventing wetting between liquid copper and steel is essential to enable separation. The carbon content of steel, initial surface oxidation and applied coatings effect wetting behavior, but have not been systematically studied. In this study, the individual and combined effects of these parameters on wetting behavior in an inert gaseous environment are observed with a heating microscope. Carbon content appears to be the most significant factor: blistering of the oxide scale on medium carbon steels causes liquid copper to flow rapidly between the oxide and steel substrate. Liquid copper exhibited a stable droplet on low carbon steel, regardless of the initial level of oxidation. The tested coatings did not consistently improve non-wetting behavior, but impaired the connection between the scale and steel substrate. This study confirms the potential of the preferential melting technique, but further investigation is needed to determine the most robust process conditions to handle diverse, fragmented scrap at an industrial scale.K.D. is funded by a Cambridge Trust scholarshi

Education and training of clinical research professionals and the evolution of the Joint Task Force for Clinical Trial Competency

Clinical research professionals play a critical role in the design, conduct, and oversight of clinical trials, and they must have the knowledge, skills, and abilities to ensure that trials are conducted ethically, safely, and in accordance with regulatory requirements. As clinical research has evolved from being a necessary activity for the development and regulatory approval of new medicines to an accredited academic discipline and, more recently, to a globally recognized profession, the methods of education and training of professionals have also evolved. Initially, on-the-job informal coaching and specialized training organizations led to formalized and accredited academic degree programs and, more recently, to international competency standards and competency maintenance through continuous professional development. The Joint Task Force (JTF) for Clinical Trial Competency is a multidisciplinary, international group of experts who came together to aggregate and refine competency standards for clinical research professionals, first published in 2014. The 8 domains and 49 specific core competencies of the JTF Framework have become a globally recognized standard upon which education and training programs, role descriptions, and upward mobility criteria for professionals are now based. The JTF meets regularly and, through its workgroups, continues to evolve in response to the changing needs of the profession. The JTF is committed to continuous improvement to ensure that clinical research professionals have the competence necessary to conduct safe, ethical, and high-quality clinical research

O Pós-Colonialismo nos Romances "Waiting for the Barbarians" e "Disgrace" de J.M. Coetzee

Este artigo tem como proposta a análise dos romances sul-africanos Disgrace (Desonra), e Waiting for the Barbarians (À espera dos bárbaros) do escritor J. M. Coetzee. Os romances estão envoltos pelo contexto da África do Sul durante e pós-regime Apartheid, e são analisados sob a ótica dos estudos sobre as literaturas pós-coloniais. Após a apresentação do autor dos romances, uma breve contextualização histórica das obras é exposta, retratando a África do Sul a partir do século XVII, no viés de três momentos da história do país: de suas origens à independência, o Apartheid e a nova África do Sul. Em seguida são feitos apontamentos sobre os fundamentos do pós-colonialismo, ponderando sobre sua posição contra o imperialismo e o eurocentrismo, e passando pelas concepções de identidade e alteridade. Mais adiante, são feitas observações sobre o foco narrativo nos estudos de ficção procurando compreender a perspectiva através da qual o narrador articula a história a ser contada e se posiciona em relação ao fato narrado. Por fim, o estudo se debruça sobre a análise das personagens dos romances como reveladoras das estruturas básicas dos valores impressos em cada obra, e como representações da sociedade pós-colonial na qual se inserem.&nbsp

A representação da família nos livros didáticos de língua inglesa do programa PNLD 2014 – identidade, diferença e educação intercultural.

Este estudo analisa as representações das identidades no contexto da família nos livros didáticos distribuídos pelo programa PNLD – Programa Nacional do Livro Didático, Língua Estrangeira Moderna/2014, a partir da perspectiva dos Estudos Culturais sobre identidade e diferença discutido em Silva (2000), o conceito de educação intercultural em Candau (2012), assim como a noção de ensino crítico de línguas, apoiada na visão da educação libertadora e para a transgressão de Paulo Freire e bell hooks. Inicialmente é feita uma apresentação dos conceitos de identidade e diferença, assim como de educação intercultural e ensino crítico de línguas, e, posteriormente, é apresentada a prática da análise sob a perspectiva das teorias discutidas

Micro-structured Er 3+-tm 3+ Co-doped Tellurite Fiber For Broadband Optical Amplifier Around 1550nm

Micro-structured Er 3+-Tm 3+ co-doped tellurite fiber with three rings of holes was fabricated using a soft glass drawing tower by a stack-and-draw technique. Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) around 1550nm band were observed when pumped with both, 980nm and 790nm, lasers.6314Russell, P., Photonic crystal fibers (2003) Science, 299, pp. 358-362Knight, J.C., Photonic crystal fibers (2003) Nature, 424, pp. 847-851Kumar, V.V.R.K., George, A.K., Reeves, W.H., Knight, J.C., Russell, P.St.J., Omenetto, F.G., Taylor, A.J., Extruded soft glass photonic crystal fiber for ultrabroad supercontinuum generation (2002) Opt. Exp, 10 (25), pp. 1520-1525Chillcce, E.F., Cordeiro, C.M.B., Barbosa, L.C., Cruz, C.H.B., Er 3+-Tm 3+ co-doped tellurite fibers for broadband optical fiber amplifier around 1550nm band (2006) Opt. Fiber Technol., 12, pp. 185-195Chillcce, E.F., Rodriguez, E., Neves, A.A.R., Moreira, W.C., Cesar, C.L., Barbosa, L.C., Cruz, C.H.B., Tellurite photonic crystal fiber by a stack-and-draw technique (2006) J. Non-cryst. Solids, , accepted to publicationWhite, T.P., McPhedran, R.C., De Sterke, C.M., Botten, L.C., Steel, M.J., Confinement losses in microstructured optical fibers (2001) Opt. Lett, 26 (21), pp. 1660-1663Barbosa, L.C., Cruz, C.H.B., Cesar, C.L., Cordeiro, C.M.B., Chillcce, E.F., Production process of tellurite glass tubes, capillaries and rods Brazilian pending Patent No 018050002734Chillcce, E.F., Cordeiro, C.M.B., Rodriguez, E., Cruz, C.H.B., Cesar, C.L., Barbosa, L.C., Tellurite photonic crystal fiber with Er 3+-Tm 3+ for broadband optical amplifier in 1550nm (2006) Proc. of SPIE, 6116, p. 61160

Cualidades físico-mecánicas de las ortocuarcitas de la prov. de Buenos Aires: su empleo en obras viales y civiles

La Provincia de Buenos Aires produce más del cincuenta por ciento de los agregados pétreos usados en construcción en la Argentina. Muchos de ellos provienen de las Sierras de Tandil, especialmente las areniscas del extremo SE de estas sierras. Para determinar las cualidades técnicas de estas rocas, se efectuaron estudios detallados de campo y de laboratorio, que comprendieron ensayos físicos, mecánicos y microscopía, peso específico, absorción, compresión simple, desgaste (Los Angeles y B, S.), durabilidad y adherencia al betún. Se establece como conclusión que las mismas cumplen en forma satisfactoria los ensayos a que han sido sometidas, evidenciando así su aptitud para ser empleadas en obras viales y civiles.The Province of Buenos Aires produces more than 50 per cent of the stony aggregates used in construction in Argentina. Most of them, specially the sandstone rocks coming from the extreme SE of the Northern range of hills called Tandilia (Chapadmalal). The determination of the technical qualities of these rocks have been made through detailed field and laboratory determinations, that included physical, mechanical and microscopic tests, specific weight, absorption, simple compression, toughness, abrasion (Los Angeles and B. S. tests), durability and bitumen adherence. The results obtained concludes that this type of rocks, in all these tests, have a satisfactory performance. For that reason there are able to use in public works

Melatonin bioengineered: A New Possible Strategy for Treatment of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is an important public health problem, with an estimated 3.2 million new cases by the year 2050. Diet plays a key role in the etiology of breast cancer and breastfeeding is associated with a lower incidence of breast cancer. On the other hand, the improvement of the therapeutic properties of bioactive compounds through their incorporation into microcarriers is an important strategy in obtaining new therapies, since cyclical changes in concentration are eliminated; there is biological availability of the compound as well as the reduction in toxicity, number dose and suppression of adverse reactions. Studies using hormones such as melatonin extracted from human milk adsorbed onto polyethylene glycol (PEG) microspheres showed that the controlled release of this compound was able to reduce viability and induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cell lines. Colostrum differs from most of the secretions because it contains viable leukocytes during the first days of lactation with a quantity and activity comparable to blood leukocytes, and has several defense components such as antibodies and hormones, such as melatonin (MLT). This review details the influence of the soluble and cellular components present in human colostrum, such as the MLT hormone, as the modified release systems influence the action of MLT and the possible mechanisms involved that contribute to the hypothesis of reduction of breast cancer in women who breastfed

Coctel de bacteriófagos como sustituto de promotores de crecimiento tipo antibiótico en avicultura

Aviculture is forced to find alternatives to replace antibiotic-type growth promoters to reduce antimicrobial resistance. Among these alternatives we have bacteriophages that are the natural predators of bacteria; however, research point out to their use as therapeutics and not as growth promoters. For this reason, this review article focuses on discussing and projecting the use of lithic bacteriophage cocktails as growth promoters in commercial breeding of broilers, laying hens and quails. Evaluating its effects on production parameters, its application in drinking water and food, phage protection strategies on gastrointestinal pH changes and high pelleting temperatures, strategies against phage-resistance, its effects on the intestinal microbiota, and the use of autophages versus commercial products. It is concluded that the optimal use of bacteriophages in aviculture is through mixed cocktails of protected lithic autophages. Finally, it is recommended to compare the use of mixed lithic autophage cocktails with mixed commercial phage cocktails that exist on the market; Additionally, the combination of mixed cocktails of protected lithic autophages with other alternatives such as probiotics, prebiotics, essential oils and organic acids should be evaluated, and this combination should be compared with the use of growth-promoting antibiotics.La industria avícola se ve en la obligación de encontrar alternativas que sustituyan a los promotores de crecimiento de tipo antibiótico para reducir la resistencia antimicrobiana. Entre dichas alternativas tenemos a los bacteriófagos que son los depredadores naturales de las bacterias; sin embargo, las investigaciones realizadas apuntan a su utilización como terapéuticos y no como promotores de crecimiento. Por tal motivo, el presente artículo de revisión se enfoca en discutir y proyectar el empleo de cocteles de bacteriófagos líticos como promotores de crecimiento en crianzas comerciales de pollos de engorde, gallinas de postura y codornices. Evaluando sus efectos sobre los parámetros productivos, su aplicación en agua de bebida y alimento, las estrategias de protección de fagos sobre los cambios de pH gastrointestinal y las altas temperaturas de peletización, estrategias contra la fago-resistencia, sus efectos sobre la microbiota intestinal, y el uso de autofagos versus los productos comerciales. Se concluye que la utilización óptima de bacteriófagos en avicultura comercial es mediante cocteles mixtos de autofagos líticos protegidos. Finalmente, se recomienda comparar el uso de cocteles mixtos de autofagos líticos con cocteles mixtos de fagos comerciales que existen en el mercado; adicionalmente, se debe evaluar la combinación de cocteles mixtos de autofagos líticos protegidos con otras alternativas como probióticos, prebióticos, aceites esenciales y ácidos orgánicos y comparar dicha combinación con el uso de antibióticos promotores de crecimiento

Can timber provision from Amazonian production forests be sustainable?

Around 30 Mm3 of sawlogs are extracted annually by selective logging of natural production forests in Amazonia, Earth's most extensive tropical forest. Decisions concerning the management of these production forests will be of major importance for Amazonian forests' fate. To date, no regional assessment of selective logging sustainability supports decision-making. Based on data from 3500 ha of forest inventory plots, our modelling results show that the average periodic harvests of 20 m3 ha−1 will not recover by the end of a standard 30 year cutting cycle. Timber recovery within a cutting cycle is enhanced by commercial acceptance of more species and with the adoption of longer cutting cycles and lower logging intensities. Recovery rates are faster in Western Amazonia than on the Guiana Shield. Our simulations suggest that regardless of cutting cycle duration and logging intensities, selectively logged forests are unlikely to meet timber demands over the long term as timber stocks are predicted to steadily decline. There is thus an urgent need to develop an integrated forest resource management policy that combines active management of production forests with the restoration of degraded and secondary forests for timber production. Without better management, reduced timber harvests and continued timber production declines are unavoidable