494 research outputs found
The Influence of a Showup Identification on a Subsequent Witness Description
Showups account for 30%-77% of initial identification procedures conducted by police (Flowe et al., 2001; Gonzalez et al., 1993; McQuiston & Malpass, 2001). Unlike lineups, showups are typically administered within a few hours of the crime event. The administration of a showup, due to its timing, is likely to precede a more formal police interview. The showup may introduce new characteristics of the suspect’s physical appearance to the witness. Any new characteristics inconsistent with the perpetrator’s appearance at the crime can be considered misinformation, which has the potential to contaminate witness recall. Although the contaminating effects of a showup have been demonstrated on successive identification procedures (Memon et al., 2002), showup contamination of witness recall has not been investigated.
The current project investigated the extent to which misinformation displayed during a showup was incorporated into a later recall attempt and how a witness’ identification decision influences the incorporation of misinformation into recall. Participants first viewed a mock crime video and afterward were administered a showup that was either consistent in appearance with the perpetrator or inconsistent with the perpetrator (misinformation) in the crime. After participants made an identification decision, they were asked open and cued recall questions about the videoed event and the perpetrator. In the present study, exposure to a showup containing misinformation caused participant witnesses to recall that misinformation later when asked questions about the original perpetrator’s appearance at the time of the crime. Further, participants’ recall of misinformation was moderated by their identification decision. Committing to the showup (identifying the suspect as the perpetrator) increased the amount of misinformation participants recalled during later questioning. Results of the study suggest that mere exposure to misinformation increases the likelihood of a witness incorporating the misinformation into later recall. Further, if a witness makes a positive identification, even an erroneous identification, the misinformation effect is greater than if the witness rejects the showup. The present study results suggest that investigators should be mindful of the effects of an earlier showup identification on witness recall
Development of the Occupational Performance Inventory of Sexuality and Intimacy (OPISI): Phase One
Background: The occupational therapy profession needs a framework to guide understanding of the occupational nature of sexuality and intimacy, assessment, intervention design, and measurement of outcomes. This study aimed to define the occupational nature of sexuality and intimacy and develop a theoretical and occupation-based screen, in-depth self-assessment, and performance measure.
Method: The Occupational Performance Inventory of Sexuality and Intimacy (OPISI) was developed following DeVellis’s (2017) guidelines for scale development that involved mapping the construct, generating an item pool, determining the format for measurement, and reviewing the initial item pool.
Results: The Occupational Therapy Sexual Assessment Framework (OTSAF) was developed to define the occupational nature of sexuality and intimacy, depict how the theoretical constructs intertwine with the domain of occupational therapy, and guide scale development. The OPISI includes a self-screen, in-depth self-assessment, and an individualized measure to establish baseline performance and detect self-perceived change in ability, satisfaction, understanding, and confidence in skills and ability to improve occupational performance associated with sexuality and intimacy over time.
Conclusion: The OTSAF defines the occupational nature of sexuality and intimacy and informs the occupational therapy scope of practice. The OPISI includes theoretical and occupation-based tools to adequately screen, assess, and measure performance related to the complex occupational nature of sexuality and intimacy. Formal validation is needed prior to releasing the OPISI for clinical use
Examining Correlations Between Area Crime Rates, Daycare Center Licensing Violations, Caregiver Discipline Techniques, and the Deviant Behaviors of Preschoolers
This research examines correlations between area crime rates, daycare center licensing violations, caregiver discipline techniques, and the deviant behaviors of preschoolers. As gender roles in society continue to equate, it becomes increasingly necessary for children to attend daycare. Many of these children spend up to 30 hours a week in the daycare system, effectively making their daycare teachers co-parents. The disciplinary techniques of daycare employees, the crime rates in the area in which the facility is located, and the deviant behaviors of preschoolers are all factors which may affect psychosocial development in early childhood. It is important that we understand the effects that some of these daycare experiences can have on preschoolers during early childhood and beyond. Understanding these interactions on a deeper level may lend insight on how to avoid negative early childhood experiences that are shown to be statistically significant in contributing to deviant and delinquent behaviors. To explore these interactions, this research examines the activities of 30 Tulsa, Oklahoma daycare centers located in three crime rate areas as defined by the Tulsa Police Department. The Oklahoma Department of Human Services licensed daycare centers were selected according to the disciplinary nature of published OKDHS non-compliances, and placed in each category according to the crime rates within a five mile radius of each facility. The researcher visited each daycare center and observed the activities of the children and employees. Instances of deviant behaviors as well as good behaviors of preschoolers were recorded, as well as general notes about the interactions between the employees and the children, the state of the facility, and the apparent adherence or lack thereof to OKDHS rules and regulations. The data were analyzed and is presented in consideration of development of youth violence and school safety concerns. There was no statistically significant effect of area crime rates on daycare center licensing techniques, or the deviant behaviors of preschoolers. There were, however, qualitative findings that suggest that caregiver discipline techniques do vary across crime rate areas at DHS licensed daycare centers in Tulsa, OK. This finding indicates that there is an increased need for understanding the effects of discipline techniques on the psychosocial development of preschoolers within the daycare setting.Forensic Scienc
Senior and Junior Recital - Kelsey Hess and Nicole Vander Does
This recital is in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Music in Music Performance.https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/music_programs/1052/thumbnail.jp
Study of decays to the final state and evidence for the decay
A study of decays is performed for the first time
using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0
collected by the LHCb experiment in collisions at centre-of-mass energies
of and TeV. Evidence for the decay
is reported with a significance of 4.0 standard deviations, resulting in the
measurement of
to
be .
Here denotes a branching fraction while and
are the production cross-sections for and mesons.
An indication of weak annihilation is found for the region
, with a significance of
2.4 standard deviations.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2016-022.html,
link to supplemental material inserted in the reference
Observation of resonances consistent with pentaquark states in decays
Observations of exotic structures in the channel, that we refer to
as pentaquark-charmonium states, in decays are
presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3/fb
acquired with the LHCb detector from 7 and 8 TeV pp collisions. An amplitude
analysis is performed on the three-body final-state that reproduces the
two-body mass and angular distributions. To obtain a satisfactory fit of the
structures seen in the mass spectrum, it is necessary to include two
Breit-Wigner amplitudes that each describe a resonant state. The significance
of each of these resonances is more than 9 standard deviations. One has a mass
of MeV and a width of MeV, while the second
is narrower, with a mass of MeV and a width of MeV. The preferred assignments are of opposite parity, with one
state having spin 3/2 and the other 5/2.Comment: 48 pages, 18 figures including the supplementary material, v2 after
referee's comments, now 19 figure
Observation of an Excited Bc+ State
Using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.5 fb-1 recorded by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of s=7, 8, and 13 TeV, the observation of an excited Bc+ state in the Bc+π+π- invariant-mass spectrum is reported. The observed peak has a mass of 6841.2±0.6(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(Bc+) MeV/c2, where the last uncertainty is due to the limited knowledge of the Bc+ mass. It is consistent with expectations of the Bc∗(2S31)+ state reconstructed without the low-energy photon from the Bc∗(1S31)+→Bc+γ decay following Bc∗(2S31)+→Bc∗(1S31)+π+π-. A second state is seen with a global (local) statistical significance of 2.2σ (3.2σ) and a mass of 6872.1±1.3(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(Bc+) MeV/c2, and is consistent with the Bc(2S10)+ state. These mass measurements are the most precise to date
Observation of the decay
The decay is observed in collision
data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb recorded by the
LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV. This is the first
observation of this decay channel, with a statistical significance of 15
standard deviations. The mass of the meson is measured to be
MeV/c. The branching fraction ratio
is measured to be 0.0115\,\pm\, 0.0012\, ^{+0.0005}_{-0.0009}.
In both cases, the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is
systematic. No evidence for non-resonant or decays is found.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2015-033.htm
Precise measurements of the properties of the B-1(5721)(0,+) and B-2*(5747)(0,+) states and observation of B-+,B-0 pi(-,+) mass structures
Invariant mass distributions of B+π− and B0π+ combinations are investigated in order to study excited B mesons. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to 3.0 fb−1 of pp collision data, recorded by the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. Precise measurements of the masses and widths of the B1(5721)0,+ and B2(5747)0,+ states are reported. Clear enhancements, particularly prominent at high pion transverse momentum, are seen over background in the mass range 5850-6000 MeV in both B+π− and B0π+ combinations. The structures are consistent with the presence of four excited B mesons, labelled BJ (5840)0,+ and BJ (5960)0,+, whose masses and widths are obtained under different hypotheses for their quantum numbers
Amplitude analysis of decays
The first full amplitude analysis of with
, decays is performed with a data sample
of 3 fb of collision data collected at and TeV
with the LHCb detector. The data cannot be described by a model that contains
only excited kaon states decaying into , and four
structures are observed, each with significance over standard deviations.
The quantum numbers of these structures are determined with significance of at
least standard deviations. The lightest has mass consistent with, but width
much larger than, previous measurements of the claimed state. The
model includes significant contributions from a number of expected kaon
excitations, including the first observation of the
transition.Comment: 62 pages 26 figure
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