Determination of plasma frequency, damping constant, and size distribution from the complex dielectric function of noble metal nanoparticles

This paper develops a novel method for simultaneously determining the plasma frequency ωP  ωP   and the damping constant γfreeγfree in the bulk damped oscillator Drude model, based on experimentally measured real and imaginary parts of the metal refractive index in the IR wavelength range, lifting the usual approximation that restricts frequency values to the UV-deep UV region. Our method was applied to gold, silver, and copper, improving the relative uncertainties in the final values for ωpωp (0.5%–1.6%) and for γfreeγfree (3%–8%), which are smaller than those reported in the literature. These small uncertainties in ωpωp and γfreeγfree determination yield a much better fit of the experimental complex dielectric function. For the case of nanoparticles (Nps), a series expansion of the Drude expression (which includes ωpωp and γfreeγfree determined using our method) enables size-dependent dielectric function to be written as the sum of three terms: the experimental bulk dielectric function plus two size corrective terms, one for free electron, and the other for bound-electron contributions. Finally, size distribution of nanometric and subnanometric gold Nps in colloidal suspension was determined through fitting its experimental optical extinction spectrum using Mie theory based on the previously determined dielectric function. Results are compared with size histogram obtained from Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).Fil: Mendoza Herrera, Luis Joaquin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Opticas (i); Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Muñetón Arboleda, David. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Opticas (i); Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Schinca, Daniel C.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Opticas (i); Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingenieria; ArgentinaFil: Scaffardi, Lucia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Opticas (i); Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingenieria; Argentin

Random Electromagnetic Interferometry Method Applied to Aluminosilicates Analysis

The minerals based on aluminosilicates such as clays (kaolinite, montmorillonite) and zeolites (clinoptilolite) are abundant and inexpensive. These are used as adsorbents for the removal of bacteria and pollutants. It has been proven that the presence of hydrogen bonding interactions, and electrostatic forces of attraction on the surface of zeolites modified with anionic and/or cationic species have a significant effect on the process of microorganisms elimination. The treatment of the zeolite surface with concentrated acids or bases also modifies their hygroscopic properties. This paper presents advances in the Dynamic Speckle Laser hydroadsorption analysis of materials based on a rich mineral “clinoptilolite” and their acidic and basic forms, which served as support for the incorporation of a binary complex sulfadiazine cobalt, promising in antibacterial drug design, fungicides, anti-inflammatory, etc.. To determine the water adsorption capacity of these materials as a function of time, the traditional method consists of introducing a sample in water and plotting the time dependent weight change in order to determine the amount of water adsorbed. In this work we use a technologically advanced and methodologically more accurate method for determining the speed of hydroadsorption of a zeolite (clinoptilolite) based on the optical random interferometric phenomenon named “speckle”, produced when a laser light illuminates a rough surface of zeolite. The data derived from the latter methodology is fitted using a numerical model that yields a better fitting as compared with several physicochemical (or physical) methods well established in the literature

Positive adjacency effects mediated by seed disperser birds in pine plantations

This study examines the consequences of adjacent elements for a given patch, through their effects on zoochorous dispersion by frugivorous birds. The case study consists of pine plantations (the focal patch) adjacent to other patches of native vegetation (mixed patches of native forest and shrublands), and/or pine plantations. Our hypothesis is that input of native woody species propagules generated by frugivorous birds within plantations strongly depends on the nature of the surrounding vegetation. To test this hypothesis, we studied frugivorous-bird abundance, seed dispersion, and seedling establishment in nine pine plantation plots in contact with patches of native vegetation. To quantify adjacency arrangement effects, we used the percentage of common border between a patch and each of its adjacent elements. Frugivorous bird occurrence in pine plantations is influenced by the adjacent vegetation: the greater the contact with native vegetation patches, the more abundant were the frugivorous birds within pine plantations. Furthermore, frugivorous birds introduce into plantations the seeds of a large sample of native fleshy-fruited species. The results confirm the hypothesis that zoochorous seed rain is strongly determined by the kind of vegetation surrounding a given plantation. This finding underlines the importance of the composition of the mosaic surrounding plantations and the availability of mobile link species as key landscape features conditioning passive restoration processes

Detection and analysis of tumour biomarkers to strengthen the diagnosis of acute and chronic leukaemias

AbstractMolecular markers in leukaemia are essential to diagnose, establish prognosis factors and determine the correct treatment of patients; therefore, it is imperative to include molecular biology studies, so that, combined with cytomorphology and immunophenotyping studies, they constitute the differential diagnosis of these neoplasias. It is extremely important to implement a panel of molecular markers that allows us to detect oncogenes derived from chromosomal translocations, genes derived from epigenetic alterations and drug-resistant genes.A panel of molecular markers that included 11 genes derived from chromosomal translocations BCR-ABL major and minor breakpoints, E2A-PBX1, MLL-AF4, TEL-AML1, PML-RARα, AML1-ETO was standardised; cancer testis antigens (CTA) derived from NY-ESO1 and MAGE-A3 epigenetic alterations and multi-drug-resistant genes ABCB1 and ABCG2. 30 patients diagnosed with leukaemia from Mexico's General Hospital (Hospital General de Mexico) were included. They suffered from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML); bone marrow mononuclear cells were used, from which RNA was extracted for the synthesis of cDNA and RT-PCR for each of the markers. In acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), BCR-ABL biomarkers expressed under 30% (3/10), E2A-PBX1 10% (1/10), ABC-B1 80% (8/10), and ABC-G2 60% (6/10). Patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) expressed 30% PML-RARα (3/10), 40% ABC-B1 (4/10), and 10% ABC-G2 (1/10). Lastly, in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), BCR-ABL was over 100% (10/10), ABC-B1 20% (2/10), and ABC-G2 50% (5/10). The presence of transcripts from chimeric genes minor BCR-ABL and E2A-PBX1 in ALL; PML-RARα in AML; and major BCR-ABL in CML, confirms the importance that the panel of molecular markers has in strengthening the diagnosis and prognosis of these conditions

Antioxidant activity, photosynthetic rate, and Spectral mass in bean Plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Response to Stress Defense Activators

An increase in antioxidant activity is a common response in plants as a defense mechanism against biotic and abiotic stress factors, such response is also generated with the exogenous application of "defense activators", which have negative effects on plant metabolism. In this work, bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Pinto Nacional were treated with jasmonic acid (0.5 mM), salicylic acid (2 mM), Trichoderma asperellum (105 spores/ml), and Bacillus pumilus (105 CFU / mL), in order to determine the level of structural and metabolic response of the plants. On the seventh day after the application of the treatments, it was measured the enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, leaf impressions were taken to measure the stomatal opening and conductance, photosynthetic rate, and the mass spectrum (mass/charge, m/z). The antioxidant activity increased in plants treated with jasmonic acid and T. asperellum, which in turn significantly increased the stomatal opening and conductance, and photosynthetic rate. The mass profile showed that the plants treated with T. asperellum have a greater quantity of masses/charge, of which some had statistically highly significant difference according to the means test Tukey (

Heavy metal pollution in drinking water - a global risk for human health: A review

Water resources in the world have been profoundly influenced over the last years by human activities, whereby the world is currently facing critical water supply and drinking water quality problems. In many parts of the world heavy metal (HM) concentrations in drinking water are higher than some international guideline values. Discussing about the HM pollution in drinking water, the incorporation of them into the food chain, and their implications as a global risk for the human health, are the objectives of this review. It is known that there are million people with chronic HM poisoning which has become a worldwide public health issue, while 1.6 million children die each year from diseases for which contaminated drinking water is a leading cause. There is also evidence of HM in drinking water that are responsible for causing adverse effect on human health through food chain contamination. A global effort to offering affordable and healthy drinking water most to be launched throughout the world, while various laws and regulations to protect and improve the utilization of drinking water resources should be updated or created throughout the world, including the low income countries; otherwise, the problem of HM-polluted drinking water will be growing because demand for drinking water is still growing such as this problem will become even more pressing in the future. Finally, notwithstanding, additional researches are necessaries about the correlation between HM concentration in drinking water and human diseases, while the development of robust, cheap and sustainable technologies to improve the drinking water quality is necessary.Key words: Groundwater, aquifer, water quality, water pollution, microorganism, water supply, microbial communities, food chain, disease

Contribution of pecan (Carya illinoinensis [Wangenh.| K. Koch) to Sustainable Development Goal 2 under the dual perspective of carbon storage and human nutrition.

This work aims to contextualize and analyze the potential contribution of pecan to SDG2 under the dual perspective of carbon storage and human nutrition. Particularly, the study focuses on the pecan agroecosystems in the Americas, representing the most important pecan-producing countries (the United States, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Peru). We observed that pecan is a reliable sink for storing atmospheric C and also for quality nuts with high nutritional density. The Americas, hold a population of ca. 23 M pecan trees, with the younger tree populations and the highest C-storing potential in South America. This pecan tree population has removed 51.3 Mt CO2eq immobilizing the OC in their aboveground biomass, but if the C sequestration for the whole system is considered, the value reaches nearly 80 Mt CO2eq. From a nutritional perspective, there are different dietary needs to cover according to the country, although the common analysis output is a low proportion of nuts in the diet, which is expected to improve, given the efforts of each country to promote domestic consumption. All the mentioned countries in this study have a low pecan consumption going from 8 to 293 g per capita yr-1, which in the light of the Global Burden of Disease represents 0.08 to 3.2% of the recommended yearly dietary basis for nuts overall. The inclusion of pecan nuts in the daily diet is of utmost importance to offset the food nutrient dilution carbohydrates-based, linked to the excess of atmospheric CO2. Also, pecan orchards function as a platform to integrate sustainable systems. The global benefit of having pecan and alley crops has been proved in regions other than the Americas with interesting economic outputs leading to energizing the life of rural communities. Pecan orchards and pecan agroforestry may lead to sustainable agri-food systems, with global gains in SOC and nutritional richness and diversity. Therefore, more in-depth studies are needed not only to fully understand the functioning of the systems at a productive level but also to design and plan sustainable landscapes in rural land.Published 14 April 2023

Does Size Matters? Relationships among Social Dominance and Some Morphometric Traits upon Out-of-Season Reproductive Outcomes in Anestrus Dairy Goats Treated with P4 + eCG

The possible role of the social rank (R) (i.e., low-LSR, middle-MSR, or high-HSR) in anestrus goats exposed to a P4 + eCG (D) (i.e., 100 or 350 IU) estrus induction protocol (EIP) was evaluated. Goats (Alpine-Saanen-Nubian × Criollo; n = 70; 25° North) managed under stall-fed conditions were all ultrasound evaluated to confirm anestrous status, while the social rank was determined 30 d prior to the EIP. The response variables included estrus induction (EI, %), duration of estrus (DUR, h), ovulation rate (OR, n), live weight (LW, kg), thoracic perimeter (TP, cm), thoracic diameter (TD, cm), body length (BL, cm), height at withers (HW, cm), beard length (BEA, cm), compactness index (COM, cm), and anamorphosis index (ANA, cm), as affected by R, D, and the R × D interaction were evaluated, while the correlation coefficients among reproductive and morphometric variables were quantified. An R × D interaction (p 0.05) with any response variable, either reproductive or morphometric. As expected, LW had high correlation coefficients (p < 0.01) with TP (0.86), TD (0.88), BL (0.82), HW (0.75), BEA (0.51), COM (0.97), and ANA (0.75). In general, the morphometric variables as a whole demonstrated important correlation coefficients among them (p < 0.01), ranging from 0.38 up to 0.84. To estimate the importance of the morphometric differences between social rank upon estrus induction, a principal component (PC) analysis was performed based on the correlation matrix derived from the corporal measurements. The PC1 and PC2 explained 70.3% and 17.6% of the morphometric variation, respectively. The PC1 was a measure of the goat size (i.e., small, medium, large) and its association with estrus occurrence was evaluated using a logistic regression model; the bigger the goat, the increased probability of being in estrus, by up to five times compared to small goats. Our results confirm that the higher social ranked, larger goats amalgamated some fundamental factors to be successful: aggressiveness, primacy to food access, augmented live weight, and corporal size; all of these were able to modulate out-of-season reproductive success in crossbred dairy goats subjected to an estrus induction protocol and managed under stall-fed conditions in Northern Mexico

Chemical composition and in vitro degradations of pods and leaves of legumes trees of Mexican dry tropic

Las vainas y las hojas de leguminosas arbóreas se usan como suplemento alimenticio para disminuir las deficiencias de nitrógeno que presentan los pastos en el trópico seco. El objetivo fue caracterizar la composición química y las degradaciones in vitro de las vainas de Leucaena leucocephala, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Samanea saman, Acacia cochliacantha, Guazuma ulmifolia y las hojas de L. leucocephala y G. ulmifolia. Se determinó el contenido de materia seca, proteína cruda (PC), cenizas, fibra detergente neutro (FDN), fibra detergente ácido (FDA), ácidos grasos volátiles, concentración de bacterias totales, degradación de materia seca (DEGMS) y degradación de fibra detergente neutro (DEGFDN). El análisis estadístico fue un diseño completamente al azar. La vaina de E. cyclocarpum (19.50 %), la vaina (19.83 %) y la hoja (21.57 %) de L. leucocephala tuvieron los mayores contenidos de PC. La vaina de E. cyclocarpum presentó 28.38 % de FDN. La hoja de L. leucocephala (24.22 %) y las vainas de S. saman (25.06 %) y E. cyclocarpum (20.40 %) presentaron los menores contenidos de FDA (P<0.05). Las vainas de E. cyclocarpum (73.06 y 38.68 %) y S. saman (66.01 y 35.86 %) cuantificaron las mayores (P<0.05) DEGMS y DEGFDN. Por tanto, las vainas de E. cyclocarpum y S. saman son una alternativa viable para la alimentación de rumiantes en el trópico seco dadas sus características químicas y fermentativas.Pods and leaves of legumes trees are used as feed supplements, these are used to diminish the deficiency of nitrogen present in pastures in the dry tropic. The objective was to characterize the chemical composition and the in vitro degradations of pods of Leucaena leucocephala, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Samanea saman, Acacia cochliacantha, Guazuma ulmifolia and leaves of L. leucocephala and G. ulmifolia. Dry matter, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), dry matter degradation (DMDEG), neutral detergent fiber degradation (NDFDEG), volatile fatty acids, ashes and total concentration of bacteria, were determined. The experimental design was completely randomized. The pod of E. cyclocarpum (19.50 %), the pods (19.83 %) and leaves (21.57 %) of L. Leucocephala had the highest content of CP. The E. cyclocarpum pod presented 28.38 % of NDF. The leaf of L. leucocephala (24.22 %) and the pods of S. saman (25.06 %) and E. cyclocarpum (20.40 %) had the lowest contents of ADF (P<0.05). E. cyclocarpum (73.06 and 38.68 %) and S. saman (66.01 and 35.86 %) pods quantified the highest DMDEG and NDFDEG (P<0.05). Therefore, the pods of E. cyclocarpum and S. saman are a viable alternative for feeding ruminants in the dry tropic given their chemical and fermentative characteristics

Pressure-induced amorphization of YVO4:Eu3+ nanoboxes

This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article published in Nanotechnology. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/27/2/025701A structural transformation from the zircon-type structure to an amorphous phase has been found in YVO4:Eu3+ nanoboxes at high pressures above 12.7 GPa by means of x-ray diffraction measurements. However, the pair distribution function of the high-pressure phase shows that the local structure of the amorphous phase is similar to the scheelite-type YVO4. These results are confirmed both by Raman spectroscopy and Eu3+ photoluminescence which detect the phase transition to a scheelite-type structure at 10.1 and 9.1 GPa, respectively. The irreversibility of the phase transition is observed with the three techniques after a maximum pressure in the upstroke of around 20 GPa. The existence of two D-5(0)-> F-7(0) photoluminescence peaks confirms the existence of two local environments for Eu3+, at least for the low-pressure phase. One environment is the expected for substituting Y3+ and the other is likely a disordered environment possibly found at the surface of the nanoboxes.This work has been performed under financial support from Spanish MINECO under the National Program of Materials (MAT2013-46649-C4-1/2/3/4-P) and the Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Program (MALTA CSD2007-00045). Funding by the Fundacion Caja Canarias (ENER-01) and the EU-FEDER funds is also acknowledged. JR-F thanks the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for a postdoctoral fellowship and NS thanks the German Research Foundation (DFG) for financial support (Project RA2585/1-1). We acknowledge Diamond Light Source for time on beamline I15 under proposals EE3652 and EE6517. Parts of this research were carried out at the light source PETRA III at DESY (Hamburg), a member of the Helmholtz Association (HFG). We would like to thank H-P Liermann and W Morgenroth for assistance in using beamline P02.2.Ruiz Fuertes, J.; Gomis, O.; León Luis, SF.; Schrodt, N.; Manjón Herrera, FJ.; Ray, S.; Santamaría Pérez, D.... (2016). Pressure-induced amorphization of YVO4:Eu3+ nanoboxes. Nanotechnology. 27(2):025701-1-025701-8. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/27/2/025701S025701-1025701-8272Piot, L., Le Floch, S., Cornier, T., Daniele, S., & Machon, D. (2013). Amorphization in Nanoparticles. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 117(21), 11133-11140. doi:10.1021/jp401121cZhang, F. X., Wang, J. W., Lang, M., Zhang, J. M., Ewing, R. C., & Boatner, L. A. (2009). High-pressure phase transitions ofScPO4andYPO4. Physical Review B, 80(18). doi:10.1103/physrevb.80.184114Lacomba-Perales, R., Errandonea, D., Meng, Y., & Bettinelli, M. (2010). High-pressure stability and compressibility ofAPO4(A=La, Nd, Eu, Gd, Er, and Y) orthophosphates: An x-ray diffraction study using synchrotron radiation. Physical Review B, 81(6). doi:10.1103/physrevb.81.064113Yuan, H., Wang, K., Li, S., Tan, X., Li, Q., Yan, T., … Zou., B. (2012). Direct Zircon-to-Scheelite Structural Transformation in YPO4 and YPO4:Eu3+ Nanoparticles Under High Pressure. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 116(46), 24837-24844. doi:10.1021/jp3088995Mishra, A. K., Garg, N., Pandey, K. K., Shanavas, K. V., Tyagi, A. K., & Sharma, S. M. (2010). Zircon-monoclinic-scheelite transformation in nanocrystalline chromates. Physical Review B, 81(10). doi:10.1103/physrevb.81.104109Wang, L., Yang, W., Ding, Y., Ren, Y., Xiao, S., Liu, B., … Mao, H. (2010). Size-Dependent Amorphization of NanoscaleY2O3at High Pressure. Physical Review Letters, 105(9). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.095701Mukherjee, S., Kim, K., & Nair, S. (2007). 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Applied Physics Letters, 81(10), 1776-1778. doi:10.1063/1.1501441Ray, S., León-Luis, S. F., Manjón, F. J., Mollar, M. A., Gomis, Ó., Rodríguez-Mendoza, U. R., … Lavín, V. (2014). Broadband, site selective and time resolved photoluminescence spectroscopic studies of finely size-modulated Y2O3:Eu3+ phosphors synthesized by a complex based precursor solution method. Current Applied Physics, 14(1), 72-81. doi:10.1016/j.cap.2013.07.02