Entrenamiento por Competencias de Computación de Alto Rendimiento para Ecosistemas de Computación Avanzada

peer reviewedHigh-Performance Computing (HPC) is one of the pillars of developing modern science and disruptive technologies, uniting computer architectures and parallel programming into multidisciplinary interactions to face domain-specific problems. That is why different areas of knowledge require their future professionals (scientists or not) to acquire skills in using HPC. The Super Computing and Distributed Systems Camping School, SC-Camp, is a non-profit activity that proposes a series of courses about HPC with an important focus on practical sessions (more than half of the time) addressed to undergraduate and graduate students who could benefit from HPC by demand. It is an itinerant school, bringing the HPC knowledge to a different place every year, focusing on diversity, sustainability, and humanity.La computación de alto rendimiento (HPC) es uno de los pilares del desarrollo de la ciencia moderna y las tecnologías disruptivas, uniendo arquitecturas informáticas y programación paralela en interacciones multidisciplinarias para enfrentar problemas específicos de dominio. Es por ello que distintas áreas del conocimiento exigen a sus futuros profesionales (científicos o no) adquirir habilidades en el uso de HPC. El Camping Escuela de Super Computación y Sistemas Distribuidos, SC-Camp, es una actividad sinánimo de lucro que propone una serie de cursos sobre HPC con un importante foco en sesiones prácticas (más de la mitad del tiempo) dirigidas a estudiantes de grado y posgrado que podrían beneficiarse de HPC según la demanda. Es una escuela itinerante, quelleva el conocimiento de HPC a un lugar diferente cada año, con un enfoque importante en la diversidad, la sostenibilidad y la humanidad

Investigación en Matemáticas, Economía, Ciencias Sociales y Agronomía

Cada trabajo del libro incluye conclusiones para los interesados en las temáticas aludidas y en ellos nos enteramos de aspectos como los siguientes: - El mayor incremento del precio de los insumos como el maíz, sorgo y en menor medida desperdicio de pan, en relación con el menor crecimiento del precio del ganado en pie, dará como consecuencia un desabasto de carne bovina. - El agua es un recurso primordial en las zonas áridas y semiáridas de México, en tanto que su aporte limita la producción de la agricultura. En este estudio se observó que el precio real del agua es muy bajo en relación a otras zonas agrícolas del mundo. - Hoy en día en el país se consumen alrededor de 718 mil barriles diarios de gasolinas, un aproximado de 113.7 millones de litros, una cantidad tan grande que nuestro país se ve en la necesidad de importar cerca del 39 % de las gasolinas que consumimos. - Los jaliscienses radicados en Estados Unidos tienen una mayor capacidad de financiamiento del bienestar en la entidad, que el propio gobierno de ese estado. - México continuará basando sus finanzas públicas y su política de desarrollo económico en la extracción de combustibles fósiles (petróleo). Este modelo acelerará el deterioro y agotamiento de los recursos naturales. -La importancia de la agricultura orgánica radica en que retoma los tres ámbitos de la sustentabilidad; el ámbito ambiental, el económico y el social. - Es fundamental motivar la organización de los productores de haba para que ellos puedan captar una mayor proporción de los altos márgenes de precios que los consumidores están dispuestos a pagar. - Las condiciones del clima afectan a la producción agraria. Debido al fenómeno de cambio climático, es necesario contar con herramientas informáticas que proporcionen información climatológica para poder tomar medidas preventivas a favor de una mayor cantidad y calidad de producción. La herramienta de software permite la consulta del clima por localidades evitando la necesidad de contar con una estación meteorológica

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

ETUDE DE TRANSFERT HAUT DEBIT SUR DES GRILLES DE CALCUL

This thesis paper proposes a realistic performance evaluation technique for broadband data transfer during the execution of Grid Computing applications.The work consisted in analysing the different possibilities of implementing the deterministic model in order to obtain a correct description of the process of parallel and massive data transfer. As a result :- The model is easy to implement in performance evaluation techniques and tools.- The performance evaluation techniques and derived tools should be operated in real life and provide real-time information.This paper also proposes a model to predict the transfer of massive parallel data between nodes during the execution of applications running on grid computing platforms.This work has identified the main characteristics that affect communication performance during massive parallel data transfer. These characteristics are related to parameters that describe the interactions between the application and the infrastructure resources, in terms of capacity, availability and utilisation.Ce document de thèse propose une technique réaliste d'évaluation des performances pour le transfert de données à large bande pendant l'exécution d'applications de Grid Computing.Le travail a consisté à analyser les différentes possibilités de mise en œuvre du modèle déterministe afin d'obtenir une description correcte du processus de transfert de données parallèles et massives. En conséquence :- Le modèle est facile à mettre en œuvre dans les techniques et les outils d'évaluation de la performance.- Les techniques d'évaluation des performances et les outils dérivés devraient être exploités en situation réelle et fournir des informations en temps réel.Ce document propose aussi un modèle pour prédire le transfert de données parallèles et massives entre les nœuds pendant l'exécution des applications qui tournent sur des plates-formes de calcul en grille.Ce travail a permis d'identifier les principales caractéristiques qui affectent la performance de la communication pendant le transfert massif et parallèle de données. Ces caractéristiques sont liées à des paramètres qui décrivent les interactions entre l'application et les ressources de l'infrastructure, en termes de capacité, de disponibilité et d’utilisation

Electromagnetic Simulations via Parallel Computing: an Application Using Scale Changing Technique of Passive Planar Reflectarrays in Grid Environment

International audienceElectromagnetic simulation continues to be the primary method by which engineers and researchers analyze and design circuits and systems. Nowadays, the complexification related to the rise of microwaves circuits results in the coexistence of several scales in the same circuit and in the appearance of important dimensions ratios. As the dimensions of modern Electromagnetic circuits continue to shrink, the fabrication and parametric testing of such structures have become more challenging. Increasing market pressures are driving engineers and researchers to minimize the time-to-the-market. So more efficient simulation strategies to accelerate the simulation process are required. Parallel and distributed simulation approaches seem to be a promising approach in this direction. With the growing incidence of computer modeling and simulation, the scope of this paper is to show that parallel simulation of multi-scale models can achieve several orders of magnitude speedup. When mapped onto distributed memory multicomputer systems like Computational Grid, additional speedup is obtained

Simulations Electromagnétiques Distribuées sur une Grille de Calcul

National audienc

Application of Scale Changing Technique - Grid Computing to the Electromagnetic Simulation of Reflectarrays

National audienceIn the field of high frequency communications, in order to provide better communication bandwidth, a reflectarray antenna is employed to receive and send signals. Large reflectarray geometries analysis demand significant computational resources if one want to use existing full-wave approaches. In this paper, we demonstrate capability of the Scale Changing Technique (SCT) [1] in designing reflectarray antennas having enormous finite number of non-uniform radiating elements with high scale ratios in a given band. We propose the use of parallel advantages of SCT for the electromagnetic simulation of reflectarrays in a grid computing environment. System partitioning and parallel solution methods, as well as parametric studies are described. In order to demonstrate the feasibility and to assess the performance of the proposed techniques, a parallel electromagnetic program for a grid environment has been developed. Tests using arrays of different sizes, executed on Grid'5000 [2] computing nodes, have shown very promising performance indices

Scalable Architectures to Support Sustainable Advanced Information Technologies

International audienc